(1) Jade: There are two kinds (nephrite and jadeite).

Nephrite: It is hydrous calcium magnesium silicate.

Emerald: It's sodium aluminosilicate.

(2) Germanane: it is the general name of a kind of germanium-bearing ore in nature.

(3) Stone: The main component is a mineral called "microcrystalline limestone".

(4) Tourmaline, also known as tourmaline, is a borosilicate crystal.

2. Different hardness

(1) Jade: There are two kinds: soft and hard.

Nephrite: The hardness is generally below 6.5, and its toughness is excellent.

Emerald: hardness 6.5-7.

The specific gravity of jadeite (3.25-3.4) is larger than nephrite (2.9-3. 1).

(2) Germanate: hardness 6-6.5.

(3) Bian Shi: Bian Shi's hardness is relatively brittle and softer than ordinary stones, so it is easy to break.

(4) Tourmaline: hardness 7 ~ 7.5.

3, the appearance is different

(1) Jade

Nephrite: A translucent to opaque aggregate of fibrous crystals.

Emerald: translucent to opaque, granular to fibrous aggregate, dense and massive.

(2) Germanate: silver-gray crystal.

(3) Stone: Stone contains metal substances such as copper and iron, which makes the stone appear red, yellow and green.

(4) Tourmaline: contains aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, potassium and other elements. The color varies with the composition. Tourmaline rich in Fe is black, tourmaline rich in Li, Mn and Cs is rose and light blue, tourmaline rich in Mg is often brownish yellow, and tourmaline rich in Cr is dark green.

Baidu encyclopedia-jade

Baidu encyclopedia-germanium stone

Baidu Encyclopedia-Bian Shi

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tomalin