The main drinks in Song people's life are nothing more than tea, wine and soup. The most basic feature of drinks is delicious to quench thirst. In the Song Dynasty, medicinal liquor, tea, various soups and other drinks not only had particularly high therapeutic value, but also had the efficacy of preventing and treating diseases.
There are mainly yellow rice wine, fruit wine and white wine in Song Dynasty. First of all, the wine is mild, and moderate drinking in winter is conducive to promoting blood circulation to keep out the cold and prevent diseases; Secondly, drinking less can make people feel happy and relieve negative emotions.
It can be seen that he also believes that moderate drinking is also good for health. At the same time, Song people also noticed the great harm of excessive drinking and alcoholism to human body. Song once had the experience that a large amount of drinking led to physical discomfort. He also wrote a poem to describe the pain of drunkenness and warned the dangers of drinking with his own personal experience.
In addition, Song people also noticed that drinking health should not only pay attention to the degree of drinking, but also pay attention to the details of drinking. For example, the temperature of wine should be moderate, and drinking wine that is too cold or too hot will consume vitality; In addition, the wine brewed with different ingredients has different effects on human body. Compared with wine brewed with fruits and grains, medicated wine has more remarkable effects in treating diseases and nourishing the body.
Song people's love for wine is also reflected in dishes. When frying meat, seasoning with wine can not only remove the fishy smell, but also integrate the function of "promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis" of wine into the diet.
Drinking tea was very common in the Song Dynasty, and the health-preserving function of tea was also recognized. First of all, the literati in Song Dynasty praised the efficacy of tea in treating diseases, promoting digestion and refreshing, and mentioned the health-preserving function of tea many times in many poems.
Many literary works in the Song Dynasty mentioned the feelings after drinking tea, such as "flowers bloom when you are sick" and "singing loudly to strengthen your heart". It can be seen that drinking tea can refresh and sober up. In addition, drinking tea can also help people relax, which is beneficial to physical and mental health. Moreover, Song people also paid attention to the cleaning and boredom-relieving effect of tea.
Su Shi "gargles with strong tea after meals". Rinsing with tea after meals can not only relieve greasy mouth and clean teeth, but also play an important role in protecting teeth. In addition, tea drinking pays attention to the quietness of the environment and the aroma of tea, which keeps tea drinkers stable and quiet, is conducive to mental health, is conducive to regulating body and mind, promotes thinking, and inspires and develops wisdom.
Soup in Song Dynasty is mainly a beverage made of various spices and licorice as the main raw materials. For example, Chen listed various kinds of soups in Shi Lin Guang Ji, such as "papaya dry soup", "shrinking sand soup", "litchi soup" and "ebony soup". These drinks can be said to be soups with dietotherapy and nourishing nutritional value, which is the perfect combination of health preservation and food in Song Dynasty. Most of the added ingredients have pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, Xuebao Shrinking Skin Drink can relieve fever and quench thirst, and Erchen Decoction can treat dizziness, vomiting and nausea.
There are various dietary forms in Song Dynasty, such as porridge, pancakes, boiled vegetables and steamed vegetables. There are all kinds of staple food, all kinds of dishes, tea, wine, soup and so on. It basically covers the types of daily diet in the Song Dynasty. The diet regimen thought of the scholar-officials in Song Dynasty was mainly embodied in three aspects: diet, drinks and diet details.
Song people like to eat vegetarian food, and there are many shops selling vegetarian food in the streets and alleys of Beijing. There are more than 30 kinds of vegetables on the market in the Song Dynasty recorded in Meng Lianglu, and the Song people are also very particular about how to eat these vegetables. They not only pay attention to the consumption of seasonal vegetables, but also eat the same vegetables in different parts and ways in different seasons.
In addition, Song people also studied vegetarian dishes, and many fake meat dishes were developed by Song people. For example, the "fake fried meat" fried with gourd gluten not only looks like real meat, but also tastes like it. Su Shi is a gourmet who advocates plant food and natural flavor. He thinks that food is better than delicacies, so he grows his own vegetables and makes vegetarian dishes.
Vegetarianism was loved by Song people, not only because it was green and healthy, but also because it was simple to make. Lu You believes that fresh vegetables in the season can be cooked simply by cleaning and sorting, "no need for half a baht of salt cheese". Admittedly, this vegetarian food is very easy to make without adding too much seasoning. This diet with less oil and salt largely retains the taste and nutrients of vegetables, which is very beneficial to health.
Song people like to eat porridge, and the raw materials of porridge are simple and easy to get, mainly some coarse grains and rice. As food, porridge can not only satisfy hunger, but also support people. Eating porridge is a diet therapy, especially for nourishing the stomach. There are many records about medicated porridge in ancient Chinese medicine books such as Taiping Shenghui Fang and Shengji Zonglu.
Su Shi also has a soft spot for porridge. He regards porridge as an indispensable part of health-preserving recipes, and even wrote literary works such as Ode to Eating Bean Porridge and Bean Porridge to express his love for porridge. Coincidentally, Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty also wrote an article "Eating Porridge" for his favorite porridge to highlight the delicious and healthy benefits of porridge. The sentence "Only eating porridge will lead to immortality" shows that eating porridge can prolong life.
China has always attached importance to the saying that "medicine and food are homologous" in ancient times, and the Song Dynasty was no exception. Scholars in Song Dynasty are very keen to explore the medicinal value of daily food. They like to preserve their health by eating medicinal food, and attach importance to the integration of traditional medicine and cooking experience, so that food and medicine complement each other, that is, the so-called "combination of medicine and food", so as to achieve the functions of physical fitness and health care.
Mr. Dongpo summarized and collected many recipes of medicated diet, including: treating cataract with Ophiopogon japonicus and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata; Treat dysentery with ginger and frankincense and so on. He also studied the method of brewing honey wine with people who are good at brewing wine, because he thought that honey could "cure all diseases".
Sushi, a cassia twig rich in medicinal value, was spared, and he personally brewed the "transcendental fragrance" osmanthus wine. In addition, there are many new discoveries about medicinal food in Song Dynasty, such as: Poria cocos has the effect of invigorating spleen and calming nerves; Ginger can detoxify and dispel cold; Flax can grow hair and blacken hair, and cure dizziness.
Song people had many dietary taboos. For example, eating crabs and persimmons together will make people vomit blood; Mixing sugar with crucian carp is easy to make people suffer from gastrointestinal diseases; Sake can't quench your thirst, and dried meat can't quench your thirst; Raw almonds are easy to be poisoned and must be cooked before eating. In addition, the freshness of food is an important standard of the literati's diet health thought in Song Dynasty, and they attach great importance to the quality of ingredients.
According to Liang Lu's Dream, those rich businessmen who are powerful will spend a lot of money to buy fresh and exotic vegetables and fruits in order to satisfy their appetite, so that vendors pay special attention to the preservation of vegetables and fruits.
A partial eclipse is a picky eater. In the Song Dynasty, people realized the harm of partial eclipse to health. At that time, some health experts specially suggested that you should not be too partial to your favorite food, otherwise "partial eclipse will make you sick"; You can't give up all the food you don't like. "If we all give up, the dirty air will be uneven." It can be seen that both partial eclipse and anorexia can easily lead to physical diseases and discomfort.
The collocation of diet comes from the nutrition contained in the food itself, and the consequence of unbalanced diet is unbalanced dirty air. This view actually coincides with the nutrition science in our present society.
In the Song Dynasty, many people paid great attention to health preservation, especially in diet. They think that controlling diet is one of the secrets of keeping healthy. Su Shi advocated that "hunger stops, and satiety stops". Su Shi is not only very temperate in his diet, but also in his requirements for his guests. He euphemistically called "recharge your batteries and soothe your stomach" to save daily expenses.
In order to raise money, from now on, I am also good at finding fun in life. Lu You also advocates a moderate diet, "stop when you are full". He thinks if you eat too much, it will be harmful to your health. Modern food is so elaborate that people can't consume it completely while consuming a lot of calories. The dietary thought of Song people is a good reference for our modern dietary habits.
Generally speaking, diet health care plays an important role in the health care thought of Song Dynasty. Because it directly penetrated into people's daily life, it was convenient and easy to operate, and even became the focus of literati's health care at that time. Moreover, they abandoned the long-prevailing way of taking elixir to pursue immortality in ancient times, and the idea of health care became more and more perfect and scientific.
On the basis of rich diet practice and according to their own social practice, Song people summed up a very rich and perfect diet regimen in one meal and one drink, and explored the way of human survival. In the continuous theoretical exploration, a large number of written historical materials have been left, which enables us to have a glimpse of the diet health-keeping thought before and after the Song Dynasty, leaving us precious spiritual wealth, providing ideological guidance for today's national health, and at the same time becoming the highlight of Chinese broad culture.
References:
Chen Da's Souben Xin Zhai Shu Fang
Pu Chuhou's Bao Sheng Lu Yao
Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin