By the Tang Dynasty, a considerable number of official residences had been formed here. In the Song Dynasty's famous paintings "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and "A Map of Pingjiang River", the architectural layout of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River has been vividly depicted. With Hangzhou as its capital in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan has made unprecedented development in politics, economy and culture. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiangnan had become the most economically and culturally developed area in China, where dignitaries, landlords, wealthy businessmen and literati chose to build houses, villas, pavilions and pavilions with their own characteristics.
Because the buildings in the south of the Yangtze River have a large population, precious land, extremely saving space and working hard at height, their architectural art is more refined and less elegant. But through the hands of skilled craftsmen, houses placed in running water are still attractive.
The six famous ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River in China are Zhouzhuang, Tongli and Jiaotoe in Jiangsu, Xitang, Nanxun and Wuzhen in Zhejiang. These six ancient towns are also water towns with profound cultural heritage. Xitang is in Jiashan County, Wuzhen is in Tongxiang City, and Nanxun is in Huzhou City (Huzhou is also the birthplace of Hubi). These six ancient towns are concentrated in the southeast of Taihu Lake. Zhouzhuang and Jiaotoe are more than 40 kilometers apart, and the waterway between Tongli and Zhouzhuang is only 10 kilometers.
Second, which dynasty did the Jiangnan water town originate from? The Eastern Jin Dynasty should be detailed.
The Yangtze River has made Jiangnan. Jiangnan literally means south of the Yangtze River, but as a typical historical and geographical concept, Jiangnan originally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented prosperous culture and education and beautiful and rich water towns. The region is roughly divided into the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the south of the Yangtze River represents the infinite yearning and hope of the people of China for a better life. However, scholars at home and abroad have not unified the definition and application of the word Jiangnan. Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the vast area east of Yichang, south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and north of Nanling. Including Jiangnan in a narrow sense, northwest Jiangxi, south of the Yangtze River in Hubei, northern Hunan, and some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. Jiangnan in a broad sense was widely used in ancient times, for example, Du Fu wrote "Meet Li Guinian and Go Down the River" in Changsha. Jiangnan in a broad sense is also used in modern times. For example, Jiangnan in weather forecast refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense; Jiangnan mentioned in the three famous buildings (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang and Wang Teng Pavilion in Nanchang) is Jiangnan in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, Jiangnan refers to the eastern region beautified by literati, that is, it does not include Fujian Province and Nanjing in southern Zhejiang to Suzhou and Hangzhou, but includes parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northeastern Jiangxi. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of Jiangnan, and they can also be regarded as part of Jiangnan in the cultural sense. Some areas south of Taihu Lake and east of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo, are not counted as Jiangnan area.
Jiangnan in the cultural sense refers to "Jiangnan" in the cultural sense, that is, Jiangnan in a narrow sense, which is equivalent to Jiangdong area, including southern Jiangsu (and Yangzhou), Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northeastern Jiangxi. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the gentry of the Central Plains went south, and the Han regime made Jinling its capital. Jiangnan replaced the Central Plains as the most developed economic and cultural core in China.
Jiangnan is famous for its prosperous culture and education. Confucius Temple, located in Qinhuai River, is a temple in memory of Confucius. Jiangnan Palace Garden in the Confucius Temple complex is the examination room of ancient imperial examinations and a symbol of Jiangnan imperial examination culture. There are many famous academies in Jiangnan. Important are Bailudong Academy, Xiangshan Academy, Lize Academy, Donglin Academy, Ming Dow Academy and Maoshan Academy. From ancient times to the present, a large number of literary works praising Jiangnan have constructed the "Jiangnan" imagined by China people. Famous ones are Bai Juyi's Good Jiangnan and Su Dongpo's Looking at Jiangnan. In regional culture, Jiangnan culture and Wu culture are closely linked. Wu dialect is sometimes called Jiangnan dialect, and Mandarin, which is a mixture of Wu dialect and Yayan, is sometimes called Jiangnan Mandarin. Jiangnan Garden, a famous garden, is a natural landscape garden built by a pool, which flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Huzhou, Shanghai, Jiaxing and Hangzhou are the main places, among which Suzhou and Yangzhou are the most representative, and Suzhou is the place with the most private gardens. Jiangnan gardens are usually private gardens, and Xuanwu Lake is the only remaining royal garden in Jiangnan.
3. Jiangnan water town, which ancient towns have a long history and still retain the original cultural atmosphere? Speaking of the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River, we have to say that the quaint water town ~ whether it is Wuzhen, the fresh and elegant Xitang, or just a quiet water town bred in the inner room, no one knows her, and you can find your own dream and beauty ~ The ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River is rich in China traditional culture and is a living cultural heritage.
The ancient buildings in Jiangnan water town preserved from the Song Dynasty, the winding rivers and stone arch bridges with various structures on the rivers, the rainproof promenade covered with lanterns and colorful flags on the bluestone long street, and the dazzling water town customs accompanied by all kinds of attractive Jiangnan foods are inviting you to visit here, making you linger, remembering the beautiful moment of drinking tea and listening to the rain on the covered bridge and enjoying a quaint feeling that is fading away. There are four distinct seasons here, the flowers in spring are red and green, the lotus rhyme in summer is elegant, the fruit in autumn is fragrant, and the snow in winter is frosty. No matter how you look at it, it is a distant and quiet ink painting.
Zhouzhuang, an ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River, one of the six major water towns, has a quiet environment and simple architecture. Although it has experienced more than 900 years of vicissitudes, it still completely retains the architectural style of the original water town. More than 60% of the residential buildings in the town are still Ming and Qing buildings, only 0.
This 47-square-kilometer ancient town has hundreds of ancient dwellings and more than 60 brick-carved gatehouses, among which Shenting and Zhang Ting are the most representative. At the same time, Zhouzhuanghai also preserved 14 ancient bridges with their own characteristics, creating a wonderful picture of water town customs isomorphically.
Zhouzhuang has become synonymous with China's first water town in the eyes of Chinese people. With the popularity of the Internet, the staff of the tourist through train network found that the famous Zhouzhuang was full of tourists, with great excitement during the day and quiet and lonely at night.
However, in the morning and evening when day and night intersect, it is the most beautiful time in Zhouzhuang. There are no bustling tourists during the day, and there is no silence at night. Some are the quiet and simple life inherent in water towns. Falling in love with Zhouzhuang, from the wonderful time of alternating day and night, let you experience the original Jiangnan water town and feel the unique charm of bridges, water and people.
Falling in love with Zhouzhuang is no longer a legend ... Wuzhen "has always been here and never left"-it was written by Rene Liu himself. From Time flies to Ghost in My Heart, Wuzhen, a small water town, has formed an indissoluble bond with this woman full of petty bourgeoisie.
As long as I'm here, I've never left. What's more, I'm used to seeing Wuzhen in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and I don't have any attachment to other places. In the afternoon, leaning against the sun, sitting there writing postcards with a blue-and-white teapot and a cup of chrysanthemum tea became the quietest moment in Wuzhen ... Wuzhen has been prosperous since ancient times. For thousands of years, the ancient town was built by the river, and the city was near the bridge. The town is simple in folk customs and is a model of "small bridges and flowing water families" in the south of the Yangtze River. At the same time, Wuzhen also has a waterfront building-Shui Ge, which is not found in other towns.
Wuzhen has a long history and is a typical cultural ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River. Wuzhen water town has a complete landscape, maintaining a complete pattern of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River.
Wuzhen, which is rich in folk customs, is an active museum reflecting the life of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. In the morning in Tongli, it starts from the river.
People wake up early by the water. Some of them are washing clothes in the river in front of their house, some are washing clothes, some are washing vegetables, some are looking at the sky, wearing cotton pajamas and lazy. Not far from the other side, there is an old lady washing the toilet.
It seems that this is the way of life of the ancient town people, and it should be called "Qingshui". Rivers in Tongli wake up and flow in these sounds.
The ancient town is foggy in the morning, and there are not many pedestrians on the street. Only the old people who get up early walk slowly with their hands behind their backs, and occasionally people who get up early to exercise run by. Everything is calm.
The pedestrians on the road are calm and serene, and the slow pace of the town makes me very useful. On the banks of the river, people who get up early are cooking stoves, and plumes of smoke are slowly drifting into the air ... Mudu Mudu is a famous ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River, located in the west of Suzhou and on the shore of Taihu Lake.
With beautiful scenery and rich products, the territory is surrounded by famous Wuzhong mountains such as Tian Ping, Lingyan, Shishan and Qizi, so it is called the "cornucopia". Mudu is an ancient water town of the same age as Suzhou.
According to legend, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue disputed and Yue was defeated. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, presented beauty to the king of Wu with a "honey trap". Fu Cha, the king of Wu, specializes in history. He specially built a pavilion at the top of Lingyan Mountain in Yixiu and a Gusutai in Zishi Mountain. "It takes three years to pick wood, and five years to become useful." A steady stream of wood blocked the river port at the foot of the mountain, "cork was desecrated", hence the name Mudu ... Nanxun Nanxun Town is located in the hinterland of Hangjiahu Plain, bordering Taihu Lake in the north and Wujiang City in Jiangsu Province in the east.
Convenient land and water transportation. 3 18 National Highway and Changhu Shenshui Waterway run through the east and west, about100km away from Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou, with a township area of 34 square kilometers. 199 1, Nanxun ranks first among the famous historical and cultural towns in Zhejiang Province 15.
Nanxun Town has been recommended by China to the United Nations as a world cultural heritage. The rain in the south of the Yangtze River is the most unbearable, and water towns are no exception.
Spring suddenly came in this annoying drizzle, nourishing the stone road as smooth as a mirror in the town, smearing the tallow beside the old house, and falling into the bluestone jar with rhythmic raindrops under the eaves. On the thick winter melon beam in the hall of the ancient house, it is a swallow busy building a nest with mud ... "The spring in the south of the Yangtze River is like jade, and the luggage is not wet", and the umbrella is dispensable. The slippery river pier is pale blue, bearing countless stories about "Shake, Shake, Shake to Waipo Bridge ..." The stone road in the alley has been polished by various shoes of passers-by, and it is thick but not grandiose brown, like patina on an antique handed down from ancient times ... Xitang Xitang was called Xutang in ancient times, and it was the border between wuyue and China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with rich historical and cultural accumulation.
Here the rivers are vertical and horizontal, the environment is quiet, the blue waves are rippling, and every family faces the water. There are well-preserved Ming and Qing architectural communities beside the ancient river, and antique ancient houses overlap; 1 1,000-meter-long veranda, with simple shape, black tile roof, built along the river, connected into an organic whole, just like an ancient charm.
The veranda shed and Gu Xiang can be called the "double wonders" of Xitang. Xitang people's description of their hometown.
Fourth, the characteristics of residential buildings in Jiangnan water towns 1. Generally speaking, the overall layout of residential houses in the south of the Yangtze River is roughly the same as that of quadrangles in the north, but the layout is generally compact and the courtyard occupies a small area to adapt to the characteristics of high local population density and less cultivated land. The doors of residential buildings are mostly open on the central axis, with the main hall facing the hall and two-story buildings built in the backyard. Small courtyard surrounded by four-bedroom houses, commonly known as patio. It is only used for lighting and drainage. Because the rainwater on the inner slope of the roof flows into the patio from all sides, the layout of this house is commonly known as "four waters return to the hall". Second, the building structure of Sishui Huitang House takes the traditional "room" as the basic unit, and the rooms in the house are mostly odd, generally three or five. Each room is 3 ~ 4m wide and 5 ~ 9 purlins deep. Enclosed courtyard. However, in order to facilitate ventilation, there are often windows with air leakage on the courtyard walls, and windows are also opened in front of and behind the house. This kind of residence, which adapts to the terrain, makes full use of space, has flexible layout, beautiful shape and reasonable use of materials, presents a fresh and lively look. Most houses in the south of the Yangtze River are bucket-type wooden frames, which do not need beams or columns to directly support purlins, and the external walls are made of thin hollow walls or bamboo plastering walls. The walls were painted white. The roof structure is thinner than that of northern dwellings. The bottom of the wall is often paved with flaky, and the indoor ground is also paved with slate to prevent moisture. The interior of the hall is freely separated by traditional covers, wooden fans and screen doors. There are only a few exquisite carvings on the beam frame, painted in chestnut, brown, gray and other colors, and not painted. The wooden structure outside the house is brown and black. Combined with the surrounding natural environment, it has formed a picturesque water town. Third, it reflects the culture. The history of Jiangnan water town can be traced back to Hemudu culture about 7000 years ago. The ancestors lived and multiplied in this land and inherited all the life and lifestyle. In the Shang Dynasty, residential settlements with a certain scale had been formed here. Since the Han Dynasty, officials have lived here. The war situation in the north during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties led to a large number of people moving south. This trend has made the economy and culture in the south develop rapidly, and since then the economic center of gravity has moved south. By the Tang Dynasty, a considerable number of official residences had been formed here. In the Song Dynasty's famous paintings "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and "A Map of Pingjiang River", the architectural layout of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River has been vividly depicted. With Hangzhou as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, the politics, economy and culture of the south of the Yangtze River have made unprecedented development. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiangnan had become the most economically and culturally developed area in China. Dignitaries, landlords, wealthy businessmen and literati have chosen this place to build houses, villas and pavilions, which are everywhere and have their own characteristics. Because of the large population and precious land, the buildings in Jiangnan are extremely space-saving, and the architectural art is more exquisite and less imposing. But through the hands of skilled craftsmen, houses placed in running water are still attractive. The front and rear doors are connected to facilitate ventilation; In order to prevent moisture, many buildings have two floors, with brick structure at the bottom and wood structure at the top. 2. The terrain in the south is complex, the residential courtyard is small, and the surrounding houses are connected into a whole, which is suitable for the climate conditions in the south, and the combination of houses is flexible and suitable for rugged terrain. In the south, the gables of houses are mostly horsehead-shaped walls. In some ancient densely populated southern cities, this gable above the roof can really play the role of arson. At the same time, it also played a very good decorative effect. The flowers in the south are red and green all year round, and the environment is colorful. The exterior walls of residential buildings are mostly white, which is conducive to reflecting sunlight. Houses in the south are elegant in color, especially in summer, which gives people a refreshing and pleasant feeling. The south is rich in water resources, and the river flows slowly from the front and back of the house, so it is very convenient to take water and use it directly for drinking and washing. Water is also in the south of China. Water surrounds residential buildings, which are endowed with aura because of water. Waterway is also the main artery of transportation. People cross the ocean to create a new world and build a new home. Fifth, give an example to introduce Zhouzhuang Town, a typical "small bridge with flowing water" in the south of the Yangtze River. Although it has experienced more than 900 years of vicissitudes, it still retains its original appearance completely. Shuangqiao is formed by connecting two bridges, with unique shape; Shenting is a quadrangle with A Qing style, with rigorous overall structure and different local styles. In addition, there are religious places such as the Taoist Temple of Procedure and Quanfu Lecture Hall. The whole town is connected by bridges and streets, and the houses are built by the river, with green shadows. Tourists who return to simplicity can't help chanting: Wu depends on Wu, and Wu Zhongzhou has made up a trip abroad. In the ancient town, rivers are in good order, houses are built by rivers, and streets are built by water. The river spans 65,438+04 Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) ~~ ~ ~ urgent ~ ~ The history of Jiangnan water town can be traced back to Hemudu culture about 7000 years ago.
The ancestors lived and multiplied in this land and inherited all the life and lifestyle. In the Shang Dynasty, residential settlements with a certain scale had been formed here.
Since the Han Dynasty, officials have lived here. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the war situation in the north made a large number of people migrate to the south. This trend makes the economy and culture in the south develop rapidly and the economic center of gravity moves south. By the Tang Dynasty, a considerable number of official residences had been formed here. In the Song Dynasty's famous paintings "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and "A Map of Pingjiang River", the architectural layout of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River has been vividly depicted.
With Hangzhou as its capital in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan has made unprecedented development in politics, economy and culture. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiangnan had become the most economically and culturally developed area in China, where dignitaries, landlords, wealthy businessmen and literati chose to build houses, villas, pavilions and pavilions with their own characteristics.
Because the buildings in the south of the Yangtze River have a large population, precious land, extremely saving space and working hard at height, their architectural art is more refined and less elegant. But through the hands of skilled craftsmen, houses placed in running water are still attractive.
The six famous ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River in China are Zhouzhuang, Tongli and Jiaotoe in Jiangsu, Xitang, Nanxun and Wuzhen in Zhejiang. These six ancient towns are also water towns with profound cultural heritage. Xitang is in Jiashan County, Wuzhen is in Tongxiang City, and Nanxun is in Huzhou City (Huzhou is also the birthplace of Hubi). These six ancient towns are concentrated in the southeast of Taihu Lake. Zhouzhuang and Jiaotoe are more than 40 kilometers apart, and the waterway between Tongli and Zhouzhuang is only 10 kilometers.
6. Begging for words describing the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, or ancient towns. With the subtle change of style, some heavy moisture in green comes into your eyes. The library building, Xiaolianzhuang, is elegant in literature and art, and the wisteria promenade is full of books and fragrant halls; There is also Zhang Jingjiang's former residence, which used to be a matchmaker for Chiang Kai-shek, and Zhang Shiming's former residence in the 1920s, a western-style ballroom. At the same time, I want to look like the glory of that year, sigh ... Nanxun is very charming. The winding veranda is more than 1000 meters long. Under the balcony by the river, there are photos of houses in small towns. The door is wide open, embroidered, painted and leisurely sucked. Bazhen cake, raise people, bring back a few bags ... Xitang, an ink painting of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, makes people want to go after they go. Mr. Mao Dun, whose former residence is Wuzhen, is familiar with Lin Jiabao, Spring Silkworm and Midnight? Mr. Wang died, and the article has been circulating for a long time. Let's go and see Mr. Wang's former residence. Perhaps, the harvest can be beyond imagination. Wuzhen vigorously develops tourism, with a high starting point, and the characteristics of folk culture tourism attract many tourists. Wuzhen's snack aunt cake has a story, and the architecture of men in black has a legend. In fact, aunt's cake is not better than Shanghai's peach cake, and the black house by the green water is not so cold. However, because of the legend. Also, don't forget to bring some chrysanthemums back. This is the birthplace of chrysanthemum. Tongli, water town, bridge town, land of plenty. It was once one of the "four rice markets in the south of the Yangtze River". It is a custom here to get married and have a full moon with the Third Bridge as a symbol. The retreat garden is a classic in classical gardens. Walking in the garden, the scenery changed. Even better, there is no railing by the pool, the water is near the shore, and the breeze blows, just like walking on green waves, which makes you feel lighter. No wonder, there are already more than 40 TV dramas on location. And 1 champion, 38 Jinshi, 80 juren, one. There are still more than 10 buildings in Ming dynasty and dozens in Qing dynasty. The story of "Pearl Tower" originated here. Zhouzhuang, because of the double bridge in Chen Yifei, has already flown out of the national border. However, it has become a big market. I first met Zhouzhuang, 18 years ago, but my reputation is unknown. Shuangqiao now, quietly welcome guests. Still worried? I wonder if the floor of the shrine can withstand the trampling of many tourists day after day? Peanut cakes are not as delicious as before, and the proliferation of three hooves also makes tourists lose their appetite. According to reports, Zhouzhuang is adjusting its tourism development model, hoping to return tourists to an original ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River in the near future. The renaming of Jinxi-Chenxi-Jinxi ancient town tells the historical footsteps. Judging from the emperor's surname Chen Fei, it is actually the expectation of the people in the ancient town to return to Jinxi. Chen Fei's tomb in the lake outside the town witnessed the progress of the ancient town. Nowadays, Jinxi is full of tourists, but the ancient town still retains its tranquility. There are shops in the street, but most of them are local products made by themselves: dried shrimp, dried Malantou, pumpkin pie and crispy socks. Under the eaves, by the river, I sat for half a day, watching the ripples in the water and chatting with the old people in the town at will. For a time, it seemed as if I had crossed time and space, worldly and impetuous, so far away ... At the foot of Lingyan Mountain, there was an ancient town called Mudu. For the ecstasy of the king of Wu, there was a pavilion doll palace and a mudu name. Let's visit the ancient town. After all, the development time is not long, and there are not many tourists, so you can live in Yan's house calmly. You can enjoy the exquisiteness of Suzhou embroidery and take photos calmly, without worrying that there are many tourists taking photos together in the background. Then climb up Lingyan Mountain, which is close at hand, and every pore is open to absorb the coolness of the mountain wind. That's cool! .
Seven, the Jiangnan component in ancient poetry Jiangnan water town is affectionate and gentle.
Du Mu's "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the flag wind of Shuizhaishan fruit wine" once described the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River: thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, bloom flowers fall, green leaves are red, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, mountain villages are surrounded by water, the city mountains are surrounded, the spring breeze is mighty, and the wine flags are fluttering. There are not only natural landscapes such as mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, but also cultural phenomena such as battlements, villages and wine flags.
Jiangnan is not only extremely beautiful, but also densely populated and very rich. It can be seen that Jiangnan water town is affectionate and gentle to people! Ma Zhiyuan's Little Bridge Flowing Water.
Small bridges and flowing water make Jiangnan picturesque and natural. Water is a flowing dream of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. Flowing water technology spreads delicate silk, flies in the breeze and runs happily on the earth.
Water is a dream to stop at the water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and the strange posture is the light wing of the elves flying. It is transparent and simple in the sun and elegant and blurred in the drizzle. Jiangnan water town is affectionate and gentle to the water and the bridge! The rain in the south of the Yangtze River is spiritual, and the spiritual river is poetic. Rain falls from a long time and space, some stagnant but some bright.
The rain in the south of the Yangtze River fell on the rubble. Just like the sound of silk and bamboo, there are urgent and slow worries and grievances.
There are thoughts and souls of Jiangnan in that river. Otherwise, how can Jiangnan be another kind of love in the misty rain? When you cross the bridge with an umbrella and walk past the incense. It will definitely make you feel a little melancholy and give birth to a vague nostalgia.
Pingtan in the sound of silk and bamboo is another scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The fragrance, the ancient stone bridge and the long clear water bear the feelings of history. The soul of Jiangnan is in the water, in the stone bridge, in the ancient incense and in the hearts of the people.
This is Jiangnan, a picturesque Jiangnan, which arouses the poet's thoughts and poetry. It is affectionate and gentle. No wonder there is a poem by Bai Juyi: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is known."
At sunrise, the river is red as fire, and in spring, the river is green as blue. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan? "。