First of all, we should pay attention to people's livelihood. Mencius attached great importance to people's right to subsistence. He once said, "There is fat meat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild, which leads to the cannibalism of animals and animals. Animals kill each other, and people hate it; For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people. Evil is evil for the parents of the people? " There is fat meat in the kitchen and fat horses in the stable, but the people are hungry and some people are hungry in the wild, which is like letting wild animals eat people. People still hate wild animals killing each other, but as a politician, they can't avoid wild animals eating people. Are they parents? Mencius also said: "Only those who have perseverance but not constant production can do it." If people, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. If you have no perseverance, you will do everything for yourself. ..... So, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and wife, he can be satisfied with life in happy years, and he can avoid death in fierce years. "The monarch should not only enable people to live, but also create conditions for people's livelihood to live better. Let the people have a fixed industry. In good times, they can support their parents, wives and children. In good times, they can have plenty of food and clothing. In bad times, they can avoid starvation. In this way, people can learn from the good and have an unchanging heart. How can people have permanent production? We must lighten the burden on the people. " There are signs of cloth, millet and forced labor. A gentleman uses one and slows down the other. With the second, the people are sad, and with the third, the father and son are separated. "The development of the country needs taxes, but the collection should be moderate, and it is necessary to ensure the people's food and clothing and the needs of normal development, both in ancient and modern times.
Secondly, it emphasizes the need to conform to the people's hearts. Mencius said, "Jie and Zhou lost the world and their people;" If you lose the people, you lose your heart. There is a saying in the world: whoever gets you gets the whole world; There is a way to win the people: win their hearts and win the people; There is a way to get the heart: use it to gather what you want, and if you don't do evil, you will. When the people died, the water went down and the beast left. Mencius drew a conclusion from the historical lessons of Jie and Zhou's downfall: those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and those who win the hearts of the people win the world. Win the hearts of the people without him, just follow the will of the people. How to conform to public opinion? We must share our wishes, our happiness and our worries with the people. Mencius once said to Liang: Only virtuous people can feel happiness, while immoral people can't enjoy happiness even if they have rare birds and animals. Ancient sages enjoyed the people, so they could enjoy real happiness. If the king hunts, the people will rejoice when they hear the king's horses and chariots and see the beautiful standard, just because the king can enjoy himself with the people. " Those who enjoy the people, the people enjoy themselves; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Joy in the world, worry in the world, but not the king, nothing. "Any dynasty, any country, if the monarch can regard the happiness of the people as his own happiness, the people will enjoy it; If people's worries can be regarded as their own worries, people will be worried about their worries. You love the people and the people support you; The monarch and the people are United, and the country is rich and strong. Ancient and modern people have joys and sorrows!
In 1990s, China's economic construction entered the fast lane. While continuing to study Mencius' people-oriented thought, educational thought and ethical thought, scholars are also keen to interpret Mencius' economic management thought in combination with reality and analyze its practical significance. For contemporary entrepreneurs and managers, learning from them can expand their business ideas and improve their management level. This paper mainly interprets Mencius' management thought from the following aspects:
First of all, Mencius' theory of good nature should be regarded as the ideological basis of enterprise management. Mencius' thought is based on the philosophy of good human nature. What Mencius said about human nature refers to the characteristics that can distinguish people from other animals and make people become people. He believes that only people have compassion, shame, resignation and right and wrong, but animals do not have these four hearts, which are the foundation of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. The benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom produced by people's four directions belong to good moral character. The human heart is good, so human nature is good. This is the basic starting point and premise of Mencius' management thought, and it should also be the ideological basis of enterprise management.
Secondly, Mencius' thought of benevolent governance should be regarded as the core concept of enterprise management. Mencius believed that "the benevolent loves others, and the gentleman respects others." Those who love others will always love others; People who respect others will always respect others. "Confucius and Mencius' benevolence is an ethical concept with a wide meaning, and its most basic spirit is love. Mencius started from Confucius' thought of benevolent governance and developed into a policy program including ideology, politics, economy and culture, which is "benevolent governance". The basic spirit of "benevolent government" is to have deep sympathy and love for the people. Modern management theory should take Mencius' thought of benevolent governance as the core idea, and modern management should carry forward Mencius' thought of benevolent governance, attach importance to the role of people, advocate people-oriented, and let enterprise employees become the masters of enterprises. Respect people's value, status, dignity and material needs. In the contradiction between managers and the managed, we should attach importance to the feelings of the managed, highlight the interests and values of employees between leaders and employees, and regard employees as indispensable resources for enterprise development. It is necessary to respect the status, dignity and material needs of employees, respect individuality and independent personality, and regard attaching importance to, caring for and shaping people as the key to the development of enterprises, so that enterprises can develop continuously.
Thirdly, it is believed that enterprises should form a satisfactory management concept of "winning the hearts of the people and winning the world". Mencius further discussed the relationship between the people and the monarch from the theory that "the people are more expensive than the monarch", and pointed out that those who win the hearts of the people win the world. In modern enterprise management, within the enterprise, it is necessary to implement humanized management, respect the dignity and status of employees, safeguard the interests of employees, let employees get self-satisfaction, realize the harmony between managers and the managed, win the affirmation and recognition of the managed, and make the enterprise realize a virtuous circle in a good atmosphere. To win people's hearts, we should respect both the employees who care about the enterprise and the wishes and preferences of consumers. Outside the enterprise, we must win the satisfaction of consumers. While ensuring the production of high-quality and low-price products, enterprises should understand consumers' hobbies and needs and provide warm and thoughtful services in order to occupy the market. A successful enterprise must have its own corporate culture, so that employees have a sense of pride and accomplishment, proud of entering their own enterprises, and at the same time satisfy their partners and reassure consumers. Only in this way can the enterprise develop smoothly and continuously.
Fourthly, innovation should be the guiding ideology of enterprise management. Mencius said, "Those who drown their wives are also wolves. Men and women are not close and polite; People who help them with their hands also have the right. " Because of his flexible thinking, Mencius is known as "the master of contingency management in ancient China". His contingency thought based on time, space, objects and conditions has a strong charm for modern management. "It can be fast, it can be long, it can be everywhere, and it can be an official." Mencius emphasized that things should change with time and conditions. Mencius' contingency thought focuses on "change" and highlights "vividness". He believes that if Tao is not flexible, it will become rigid. Managers should adapt to the changes in the environment and ensure that enterprises do not take detours or detours in production and operation. Enterprise is an open contingency system. Influenced by many external factors, the internal and external environment is constantly changing. It is impossible to have a fixed and universally applicable management model, and everything needs to change according to the changes in the environment.
2 1 century, China's economic construction has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time, there have been many disharmonious phenomena such as disorderly over-exploitation of resources, serious polarization between the rich and the poor, unbalanced development of regions and industries, and prominent social contradictions. "Building a harmonious socialist society" has become the strategic goal of social development. During this period, the study of Mencius' harmonious thought became a hot spot.
Mencius has a harmonious thought that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony". Scholars believe that the core of Mencius' harmonious thought is mainly manifested in two aspects:
First, it is believed that emphasizing economic harmony is the ideological basis of Mencius' social harmony, and Confucius advocates "benevolence", that is, establishing friendly and harmonious relations between people. Mencius raised benevolence to the height of "politics" and put forward the concept of "benevolent government" Mencius' harmonious thought attaches great importance to the basic position of material interests in "benevolent politics" and recognizes that material and economic factors are the basis of political rule and social harmony. It is believed that a harmonious economic foundation is necessary to realize a benevolent policy with interpersonal harmony as its essence. Without a harmonious economic foundation, a benevolent king and everyone's love and harmonious ruling order are impossible. Therefore, Mencius attached great importance to building a harmonious relationship between people in material interests and economic life. Mencius emphasized three points: first, control people's property; Second, be a government and show kindness; Third, jobs are easy to get through, and all walks of life will flourish. It is believed that in a harmonious society, every ordinary person must have a material resource that can support his family and meet the needs of development. "Losing one's life without regret is also the beginning of kingly way" and "those who have perseverance have perseverance, and those who have no perseverance have no perseverance", pointing out that without basic living security and survival needs, people are prone to commit crimes and don't think about life, so interpersonal harmony and social stability are empty words. "Therefore, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and bow down to his wife." Families have basic living needs, which can meet people's basic needs for survival and development and promote social harmony. At the same time, in Mencius' thought of economic harmony, he attached great importance to and cared about the living conditions of the vulnerable groups, and believed that to achieve harmonious coexistence of all social strata, we must care for and support the people at the bottom of society and the vulnerable groups in material life. "Widowed, widowed, independent and lonely, these four, the world's poor without grievances, Wang Wen's political benevolence, must first be four." A benevolent society must never ignore and discriminate against the disadvantaged groups and their living conditions, and must "tolerate no one else and do no one's thing." Coupled with the easy access to work, all walks of life are thriving. Mencius' harmonious thought also contains a unique view of harmony, which attaches importance to the coordinated and balanced development of industry and considers it as "universal meaning" Mencius believed that "there are things for adults and things for villains." There is also a person's body, and all the work is ready. If you have to do it yourself and then use it, you will lead the world. "It is required to fully realize the necessity of" easy access to work to make up for shortcomings ",realize the rationality of social division of labor, and oppose the ideological behavior of" respecting "and" ignoring "the industry. If we can achieve "all the people in the world are happy and willing to establish a dynasty", "all the businessmen in the world are happy and willing to hide in the city", "all the farmers in the world are happy and willing to go their own way", and "all the people in the world are happy and willing to work for themselves", it will be invincible in the world. Scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce are all happy, and the coordinated development of all walks of life is the real social harmony.
Secondly, it is considered that emphasizing moral harmony is the core of Mencius' harmonious thought. Mencius believes that material and economic conditions are the basis of harmonious king and benevolent government, but he does not think that economic factors are the only way to realize a harmonious society. Mencius believed that economic factors only laid an indispensable material foundation for building a harmonious society, while moral construction is more important, and moral construction is the core of building a harmonious society. The essence of a harmonious society is social interpersonal harmony, and its main content is to establish interpersonal relationships that are kind to others, helpful and cooperative. This relationship does not necessarily come directly from material and economic factors. Mencius believed that only on the basis of benevolence and morality can people form a truly friendly and cooperative interpersonal relationship and a truly harmonious social state. "I am old and old, and I am young and young." "The benevolent loves others, and the proprietors respect others. People who love others will always love them, and those who respect others will always respect them. " Benevolence means that everyone should be kind and friendly to others; Righteousness means asking everyone to do something just and reasonable that suits their own status. Everyone is benevolent, and society is bound to be harmonious and orderly. Mencius' theory of social harmony is essentially a theory of harmony between benevolence and righteousness.