Psychology is scientific psychology, artistic psychology, cultural psychology, popular psychology and applied psychology. Psychology comes from the public and serves the society. Only when psychology is understood by the public, accepted by the society and served by the public can it be more grounded and generate show great vitality.
First of all, understand psychology from the concept and connotation level.
Psychology is a science, which is based on the physiological mechanism, process and result of psychology. There are a lot of empirical studies on psychological phenomena, showing some psychological phenomena and mechanisms, which can be verified repeatedly. Repeatability is an important criterion of science. This is the task of scientists, experts and scholars.
Psychology is art because different people have different psychological phenomena. Different people have different understandings of the same concept, the same event and the same phenomenon because of different nerve types, growth experiences, social experiences and living environments. At the same time, some psychological phenomena can not be explained by existing science at present, but they exist objectively, so let's call them phenomenology. Psychology is related to everyone, and psychology is the psychology of the public.
Psychology is a culture because it was born in different countries, grew up in different nationalities, grew up in different communities and families, and experienced the baptism of different beliefs, which branded the psychological phenomena of different races and nationalities with distinctive national and regional cultural characteristics. For example, the views on sex, the understanding of religion and the attitude towards life are inevitably influenced by the present and historical culture.
Second, understand psychology from the social application level.
Psychology is the study of psychological phenomena and essence, psychological personality and individuality, and how people interact with themselves, others and social environment and adapt to psychology. But no matter how profound and popular the research is, it is ultimately for the progress and development of society and people. All psychological research will eventually enter the application level to show its practical value.
The main task of applied psychology is to understand people's mind through human nature and serve health, career, wealth and social production. For example, punishing evil and promoting good, seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, swindlers often use human weakness to cheat again and again. The reinforcement principle of psychology is also used to make people work hard. Personally, applied psychology is a psychology that promotes personal development, family happiness, career development and wealth growth.
Applied psychology is everywhere. In the past, when it came to psychological counseling, many people always thought that the person being consulted had a brain problem. The connotation of psychological counseling is very extensive. Falling in love requires marrying a man of good character. Learning efficiency can be improved through reinforcement and concentration. Good behavior can be strengthened by yang, which can shape a good boy and a good man. Chronic diseases can regulate autonomic nervous function, immune function and endocrine function by stimulating self-healing, thus improving human internal environment and promoting the rehabilitation and self-healing of chronic diseases. Men and women are not tired of cooperation, and use the principle of social promotion to improve work efficiency and so on.
Psychological consultation in a broad sense can be divided into development consultation, health consultation, career consultation and correction consultation. , everywhere. People who say that they have brain problems and need psychological counseling account for less than one tenth of the total, but the popularity of applied psychology is not high at present, and people only think of psychological counseling when they feel pain.
Third, everyone can't live without psychology.
In this era, it is more necessary to apply invariant psychology. "Comparative psychology" makes people more stressed. Xiao Wang has finished 50 orders this month, and I will finish 20 more orders next month to balance my mind. Zhang San's official is bigger than me, and Li Si has more money than me. Zhang San drives an Audi and Li Si wants to drive a Mercedes. Zhang San recently lived in a four-bedroom apartment, while Li Si only wanted to live in a villa with a view of Shanghai. "Comparison" makes people lose their psychological balance. On the way of running all day, they were exhausted and forgot their initial heart.
Psychology comes from society and serves the public. There are two main development directions, one is research and the other is application. The application of this piece is more vital and promising. People are not interested in those boring concepts and research data, but are more interested in using psychology to promote the healthy growth of children, the construction of family happiness, the improvement of enterprise efficiency, the harmony of interpersonal relationships, the development of career, the self-improvement of personality and so on.
Where there is life, there is the need of the soul, and there is the pursuit of desire. Where there is sunshine, there is shadow. But many people just need sunshine and refuse shadows. They artificially isolate themselves from the outside world, cross the border, become self-expanding and greedy, ignore the limitations of people's time, background, experience and resources, can't face up to their shortcomings, don't know how to give full play to their strengths, make their strengths longer, and blindly compare with others. Those who are light are dejected and despondent, while those who are heavy are ruined, and they are still trapped in the quagmire of spirit. I don't know how to turn back, and health, career, family, marriage, emotion and other aspects will be affected.
In the long development process of life, life, death, love and freedom are the themes of survival and development that everyone will face. These four themes basically cover all the contents of psychology. Life and death are the roots of psychological phenomena, and no one is not afraid of death without experiencing survival. Life and death are solved, but we must survive and develop better. Love is an indispensable element. Growing up in an environment without love, false love and lack of love, people's minds are more likely to be distorted, their bodies are more likely to breed diseases, their autonomic nervous functions are more likely to be unbalanced, their endocrine systems are more likely to be disordered, their immune functions are obviously reduced, and their motivation and vitality are lost.
The two propositions of life and death are also inseparable from the nourishment of love. Living with love is a happy pain, and dying with love is a peaceful parting. Without love, people will be shrouded in anxiety, confusion, panic and sadness, and life will not bloom brilliantly. People have been "tossing" all their lives, wanting more resources and greater autonomy. Freedom is the ultimate goal of life development.
The task of applied psychology is to help us know ourselves, others and society and serve ourselves, others and society.
Knowing and loving yourself correctly is the foundation of life. After a long period of family edification and social education, a person has formed an understanding of his own value, significance and dignity, and formed the ability to cherish and love himself. This is the premise of mental health. Only on the premise of "loving yourself" can a person export his love, pay for his family and society, create value for others and society, and expand the meaning of life. On the basis of giving love, you will gain recognition and feedback from family and society, enrich the connotation of life and cherish yourself more. "Love yourself, give love and reap love" influence and promote each other, forming a virtuous circle. Such a life framework can summarize the mental health of the "three theories of loving learning"
Overview of psychology:
Psychology is the psychology of the masses. Only when it is understood by the public, accepted by the society and served by the public can it be more grounded and have strong vitality. Psychological research ultimately serves the society, and narcissism loses its meaning in the laboratory. Similarly, in order to popularize psychological science, we need to focus on the weakness of human nature, highlight the brilliance of human nature, carry forward the clue of truth, goodness and beauty, and serve ourselves, others and society. More people need to join this scientific team to serve the great mission of realizing the Chinese dream and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(The illustrations in this article come from the Internet, and the copyright of the pictures belongs to the original author. Thanks to the original author. )
Psychology covers a wide range. It can be said that it is as small as personal life pressure and as big as national politics.
Personally, I think learning psychology is mainly practice. Therefore, studying psychology is mainly related to oneself. You'd better practice it yourself at once.
For example, if you are in sales and study consumer psychology, you can immediately verify what you have learned.
Couples with bad feelings can learn love psychology, sexual psychology and so on.
The following is the related knowledge of psychological extension.
Discipline classification of psychology:
General psychology, physiological psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, labor psychology, literary psychology, sports psychology, aerospace psychology, clinical or medical psychology, judicial and criminal psychology and so on. Abnormal psychology, cognitive psychology, experimental psychology, group psychology, consumer psychology, evolutionary psychology.
If it is a psychology postgraduate entrance examination, the general colleges and universities are divided into three professional directions: basic psychology, developmental and educational psychology and applied psychology.
Psychology is divided into the following schools:
Associative psychology, functionalism, constructivism, behaviorism, connectionism, functional psychology, gestalt psychology, neo-behaviorism, instigation psychology and Freudianism are also called psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology, neo-Freudianism and Geneva School.
Psychology includes basic psychology and applied psychology, and its research involves many fields such as perception, cognition, emotion, thinking, personality, behavior habits, interpersonal relationship, social relationship, etc., as well as many fields of daily life-family, education, health, society, etc.
On the one hand, psychology tries to explain the basic behavior and psychological function of individuals with brain operation, and at the same time, psychology also tries to explain the role of individual psychological function in social behavior and social motivation.
In addition, it is also related to neuroscience, medicine, philosophy, biology, religion and other disciplines, because the physiological or psychological effects discussed by these disciplines will affect the individual's mind. In fact, many humanities and natural disciplines are related to psychology, and human psychological activities are inseparable from human living environment.
Extended data:
The famous German psychologist H Ebbinghaus (1850- 1909) once described the development of psychology: "Psychology has a long past, but only a short history." ( 1885)
As a history of science, psychology has a short history. /kloc-After the mid-9th century, the rapid development of natural science created conditions for psychology to become an independent science, especially the development of sensory neurophysiology in Germany, which played a more direct role in promoting psychology to become an independent science.
It was not until the appearance of 1874 Principles of Physiological Psychology that psychology was separated from philosophy and became an independent science, which began its vigorous development.
(1) Psychological process refers to the dynamic process of a person's psychological phenomenon. Including cognitive process, emotional process and will process, reflecting the same-sex side of normal individual psychological phenomena.
Cognitive process is cognitive process, which is a psychological process in which individuals receive, encode, store, extract and use cognitive information in practical activities. It mainly includes perception, thinking and memory.
Emotional process is the experience of individual's attitude towards things in practical activities.
The process of will is a psychological process in which individuals consciously determine their own goals, adjust their actions according to the goals, and overcome difficulties to achieve the predetermined goals.
The above three processes are not isolated from each other, but three different aspects that are interrelated and interact with each other, forming an organic and unified psychological process of individuals.
(2) Individual psychology is the sum total of relatively stable psychological phenomena formed by a person in social life practice. Including personality tendency, personality characteristics and personality adjustment. , reflecting the individual side of human psychological phenomenon.
Personality tendency is a dynamic system to promote people's activities. It reflects people's tendency and pursuit of the world around them. It mainly includes needs, motives, interests, ideals, beliefs, values and world outlook.
Personality characteristics are essential and stable psychological characteristics that individuals often show. It mainly includes temperament, character and ability.
What is psychology? Psychology is a science that studies the occurrence and development of human psychological phenomena. People's psychology is the function of the brain and the reflection of objective reality. In order to systematically and deeply explore the occurrence and development of human psychology, psychologists divide psychology into infant psychology, juvenile psychology, youth psychology, adult psychology and elderly psychology according to people's age, and study how to keep these psychological activities healthy and healthy.
Psychology has been paid more and more attention by the psychological and medical circles in China, and it is expected to develop greatly in the future. We should understand psychology. The purpose of psychology is to adjust our psychological activities actively, better adapt to changing situations, and maintain a good mental state, so as to live, work and study healthily.
Only when a person is healthy, physical and mental health is the real health. If you are physically healthy but mentally unhealthy, or mentally healthy but physically unhealthy, you are not really healthy. It is unscientific to focus only on physical health and ignore mental health in life. From the perspective of health preservation, mental health is more important than physical health, and fitness must be healthy first. People's mental health and physical health are interrelated, mutually restricted and complementary.
For people who are already sick, psychological factors play an important role in disease and treatment. "Heart disease needs medical treatment", good mental state and cooperation with doctors can alleviate serious illness. Therefore, while paying attention to physical health in life, we should also pay attention to mental health.
Psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena, psychological functions and behaviors. It is not only a theoretical discipline, but also an applied discipline. Including basic psychology and applied psychology.
Psychological research involves many fields such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, interpersonal relationship and social relationship, as well as many fields of daily life-family, education, health and society. On the one hand, psychology tries to explain the basic behavior and psychological function of individuals with brain operation, and at the same time, psychology also tries to explain the role of individual psychological function in social behavior and social motivation; At the same time, it is also related to neuroscience, medicine, biology and other sciences, because the physiological functions discussed in these sciences will affect the mind of individuals.
Psychologists engage in basic research to describe, explain, predict and influence behavior. Applied psychologists also have a fifth purpose-to improve the quality of human life. These goals form the basis of psychology.
As an ordinary person who is not a psychology major.
I think psychology is
The study of the universal phenomenon of internal activities reflected by certain behaviors.
In layman's terms, it is your behavior that reflects what is normal in your heart, as simple as that.
By normal, you mean ordinary people, people without professional training. If you are Li Chunqiu in Mask or Chen Jiaying in Peace Hotel, it doesn't apply.
From the classification, there are general psychology, behavioral psychology and consulting psychology ... there are too many subdivisions.
In addition, as far as my city is concerned, there are too few independent psychological counseling rooms, which are far less professional than those in Hong Kong films.
I also want to learn _
Psychology should be a typical "people-oriented" discipline, which has two branches:
First, the basic principle behind people's psychological experience. Through the research of basic science, we can find out the changing rules and principles of physical and mental state when people get along with the world and themselves, so as to build a harmonious physical and mental interaction and guide the whole society to serve the public in a more humane way.
Second, help people find a better self. This better refers to the whole stage of a person's career development. How to live a happy and full life when you are young, how to forge ahead and adapt to society well when you are young, how to balance career and life when you are middle-aged, how to sublimate yourself when you are old, how to maintain a healthy outlook on life, and how to promote hospice care are all problems that each of us must face.
In a word, psychology is a practical philosophy that helps people adapt to the environment, know themselves, and transmit harmonious power to the world and themselves.
In my opinion, psychology is a subject that studies people's psychological development, emotions, behaviors caused by psychological activities, physical diseases caused by psychological activities and subconscious thoughts. The universality is not great, and the uniqueness is too strong.
Psychological research involves perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships. It involves many fields of daily life, such as family, education, health and society. Psychology is to use the brain to understand, experience and environment, and to explain the basic behavior and psychological function of individuals. At the same time, psychology also tries to explain the behavior of individual psychological function in social survival, which is also related to neuroscience, medicine, biology and other sciences. The physiological functions discussed in these sciences will affect part of the individual's mind.
The concepts of psychology are mostly seen by people after being deified by the media, while real psychology, like all sciences, follows scientific standards, conducts double-blind experiments, is falsified and can be verified repeatedly. This is also the watershed between scientific psychology and pseudopsychology. Learning psychology can better handle stress and negative emotions, come from family problems, handle interpersonal relationships freely, accept yourself better and gain personal growth.
According to personal life experience, psychology is a study of the causes and mechanisms of human social behavior, and it is used to serve people!
At that time, I knew the concept of physical health with a little knowledge, but I knew nothing about specific mental health.
If an adolescent child has psychological problems that have not been discovered and solved, the same problems will be reflected in his daily behavior. Do something that people can't understand, get angry with the unknown, and have an abnormal mood. If the elders can't find this psychological mechanism, they can't "prescribe the right medicine" to solve their children's problems.
For example, when a friend was in high school, he had a heavy academic burden and great psychological pressure. I am eager to get my parents' care and understanding, but my parents always say: If you need anything, just say so, and I will find a way for you! This sentence will make him feel that his parents are not trying to understand him. So I often sing against my parents in my life.
Therefore, psychology is very important. Psychology is a science that studies the mechanism of human behavior and uses it to serve people.
A world in a grain of sand, the world we see is the world that the brain and psychological state let us see. Learning psychology allows us to understand ourselves and the existence and appearance of the objective world. Only in this way can we realize the cognitive gap between ourselves and reality and constantly upgrade our cognitive level, thus solving some problems left over from childhood, family background and growth. Moreover, through psychology, we can understand others and their behavioral motives more objectively, and on this basis, we can promote the development of our interpersonal relationship with others. Knowing yourself, knowing others, knowing the world, and getting happiness and freedom are the meanings that psychology can bring us.