Our classrooms and families should always open windows for ventilation to keep the air fresh and ventilated.
3. Try to go to crowded and crowded places as little as possible, especially in public places with poor ventilation.
4. Pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands and cut your nails frequently.
5. Pay attention to increase or decrease clothes according to climate change to avoid catching a cold.
6, can not be partial eclipse, usually eat more vegetables, fruits, drink more water.
7. Daily necessities at home, clothes and quilts (wash and dry frequently when the weather is good)
8, we must ensure adequate sleep, not too tired, because fatigue is easy to reduce our resistance.
9. All kinds of vaccines arranged by health and epidemic prevention must be inoculated on time. Because many vaccinations are aimed at specific seasons and specific diseases, the health and epidemic prevention departments have made careful arrangements, such as measles vaccine, meningococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine. It can still play a preventive role after inoculation.
In addition, for children with allergic constitution, due to the existence of many allergens in nature, such as pollen, worms, animal feathers, cold air, etc., special attention should be paid: if they are allergic to pollen, outdoor activities should be reduced during the pollen transmission period, especially in parks and greenhouses. Don't have cats, dogs and other small animals at home, don't lay carpets, and wear masks when going out.
I think if we can do the above, we will have a strong body. Six common diseases of primary and secondary school students, early prevention of myopia is like an occupational disease for students. According to statistics, the prevalence rate of myopia is 30% to 40% for primary school students, 40% to 50% for junior high school students and over 60% for senior high school students. Once you are nearsighted, it will hinder your study and work to some extent. Therefore, taking good care of your eyes and using them correctly is the best way to prevent myopia.
The following are eye care prescriptions prescribed by experts:
1, don't overuse your eyes. 2, use your eyes at close range, you need to take a break. 3. The lighting brightness should be moderate. 4. Adequate nutrition. Eyes are very busy cell tissues, which need a lot of nutrition and energy. 5. Get enough sleep. 6. Watch TV skillfully. Watching TV is actually an extremely eye-catching job, but there are also some tips to help you protect your eyes. First, the distance to watch TV should be at least 1 m, and 1.5 m is the best.
The contrast between TV and indoor light should not be too big, especially at night. Don't turn off all the lights to watch TV. Besides, don't turn the brightness of the TV too bright. Watching TV for half an hour is best to have a proper rest for a few minutes. 7. Check your eyesight regularly. If there is a downward trend of vision, we should start to look for the reasons for the decline, and we can also take some auxiliary treatment methods, such as acupuncture, massage, eye drops and so on. If your vision has dropped to 1.0 or below, you need to go to the ophthalmology department for mydriasis optometry. If the vision is improved after mydriasis, refractive examination belongs to emmetropia or mild myopia, which belongs to pseudomyopia. At this time, pay attention to the eye protection of like eyes, and his vision may return to normal. However, the decline of vision is mostly true myopia, so we should go to a regular hospital for optometry and glasses as soon as possible.
Small cavities cannot be ignored.
The most common oral disease among students is dental caries. In fact, there are no bugs in the worm teeth, just because the food residue is not brushed and rinsed in time after chewing. Under the action of bacteria, fermentation produces acid, which corrodes teeth to decalcify and soften them, and then slowly forms cavities, that is, dental caries. According to statistics, the prevalence rate of deciduous teeth caries in children in China is 80% to 90%, and the prevalence rate of permanent teeth is 40%.
According to Dr. Han Yongcheng, director of Beijing Dental Prevention Office, there are three main ways to prevent dental caries: 1, using fluoride toothpaste. The fluorine content of domestic water in Beijing is low, so choosing fluoride toothpaste is a good supplement. This toothpaste can make teeth stronger, resist acid, inhibit bacteria and increase the remineralization ability of teeth.
Through scientific demonstration, long-term use of fluoride toothpaste has no adverse factors to the body and is a safe method of tooth protection. 2, pit and fissure sealing method. In fact, this is the best way to prevent dental caries. Everyone's back teeth (molars) always have some grooves with different depths, that is, pit and fissure. Pit and fissure sealing is to fill these caries-prone places with polymer resin in advance to isolate external caries-causing factors. It is best to close the pit and fissure within one year after the child's molars erupt. Dr. Han suggested that parents can take their children to the prevention department of stomatological hospital for pit and fissure sealing. 3. Early filling. You should go to the hospital for filling treatment as soon as possible after finding superficial caries.
Another problem that affects students' oral health is tooth dislocation. This is mainly related to heredity, diet and bad living habits. The best orthodontic age is 12 ~ 14. Because at this time, deciduous teeth have been replaced by permanent teeth.
Obesity is getting younger and younger.
Obesity is a kind of overnutrition malnutrition, which is caused by unbalanced diet and excessive calorie intake. Its harm is well known. According to the survey, 42% to 80% of children's obesity will develop into adult obesity, so the prevention of obesity should start from children.
According to Dr. Jiali from the School Health Department of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence rate of obesity among children in Beijing has exceeded 15% in 1999, and it is still on the rise.
The main reason for this situation is eating too much (especially fried food and sugary food). Excess heat energy is converted into fat and accumulated in the body, and insufficient exercise reduces energy consumption, which will lead to obesity. Another important reason is genetic factors. Studies show that both parents are obese, and 70% to 80% of their children will be obese.
To prevent obesity, we should first pay attention to the reasonable arrangement of children's diet structure, such as the intake ratio of calories and nutrients for breakfast, lunch and dinner is 30% to 40% to 30%, the daily intake of salt per person should not exceed 10g, and the fat should not exceed 5g. Second, children and teenagers should exercise for at least one hour every day. Third, develop a good eating habit of chewing slowly, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, not overeating. Fourth, schools and parents should actively cooperate with the health department to regularly monitor the health status of students. At the peak of obesity (1 year, between 7 and 9 years old), special attention should be paid to observation. Rapid weight gain and strong appetite are both dangerous signs of obesity. By measuring height and weight regularly, obese children can be found early and preventive measures can be taken in time. For children with obesity tendency or family genetic history, exercise prescription should be implemented as soon as possible under the guidance of doctors.
Keeping trachoma clean is the key.
Trachoma is a common chronic infectious eye disease in children and adolescents. Trachoma is just a symptom. Trachoma is actually that the conjunctiva of the diseased eyelid is rough and looks like sand. According to statistics, there are 654.38+0.2 billion trachoma patients in China, and the prevalence rate of trachoma among primary and middle school students has reached 2654.38+0.2%. Trachoma is an important cause of blindness, so prevention is particularly important.
The prevention of trachoma has the following points:
Trachoma is commonly known as dirty hand disease. If your hands have been exposed to germs, rub your eyes with your hands and germs will breed in the conjunctiva. So don't get into the bad habit of rubbing your eyes with your hands. If you really feel itchy, you can wipe it with a clean paper towel or handkerchief.
Wash your hands frequently. Wash for a while after soaping, and pay attention to the cleanliness of fingers and nails.
If someone in the family has trachoma, they should go to public places less. You can use 0.5% rifampicin or tetracycline eye ointment at home, one tablet per person, and insist on treatment for 3 to 6 months. Wash with running water as much as possible. Towels and washbasins are best placed separately, and often boiled and disinfected and dried.
The incidence of anemia is rising.
In recent years, iron deficiency anemia in children caused by iron deficiency is on the rise. According to statistics, about 30% of children in China suffer from anemia, mainly mild anemia.
Iron deficiency can reduce the activities of many iron-containing enzymes and iron-dependent enzymes in the body and affect many metabolic processes, thus damaging the functions of nerves, digestion, muscles and immune system, affecting children's intellectual development and causing children's inattention.
Iron deficiency anemia has a certain relationship with age, and the younger the age, the higher the prevalence rate. In adolescence, due to the accelerated growth and development of children, girls have menstrual cramps, so 1 1 to 13 years old is the climax of iron deficiency anemia.
Bad eating habits and unreasonable diet structure are important causes of anemia. Because the intake of plant iron in China's diet accounts for 70% to 90%, and the absorption rate of plant iron by human body is extremely low, the lack of vitamin C will also affect the absorption of plant iron, so we should eat more foods rich in heme iron easily absorbed by human body, such as meat, animal liver, eggs, fungus, kelp, sesame and other foods, and fully supplement iron. In addition, we should eat more fruits and raw vegetables, increase the content of vitamin C in the human body, and promote the absorption of iron in the diet. In addition, eating iron fortified foods can also improve the iron nutrition status of children and adolescents.
The prevention of ascaris disease begins with hand washing.
Ascariasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease among primary and secondary school students. Ascaris infection is mainly caused by eating infectious eggs. It is used to contact the ground or soil polluted by eggs in life, so that eggs attach to hands or nails and enter the human body through the mouth. Unhealthy habits such as not cutting nails, not washing hands before and after meals, eating raw and unwashed fruits and vegetables, and putting your hands in your mouth are the main causes of ascaris.
Ascaris infection has no obvious symptoms, and is usually limited to mild dyspepsia, such as loss of appetite, emaciation, irritability, restless night sleep, grinding teeth, night terrors and so on. A few children have mild abdominal pain.
The prevention and control of ascaris lumbricoides should focus on prevention, mainly cultivating good personal hygiene behaviors, such as washing hands carefully before and after meals. Even if you are infected with ascaris lumbricoides, you can choose safe, broad-spectrum, efficient and convenient anthelmintics, such as albendazole, mebendazole (mebendazole) and compound mebendazole (mebendazole).