The Northern Song Dynasty was an era of high material and cultural prosperity, and the national political system entered a mature form. At the beginning of the founding of New China, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi, while completing the great cause of reunification, implemented the policy of rest and recuperation with the people and adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining martial arts, which made their national strength rapidly improved. Later, thanks to our efforts, the "rule of Xianping" appeared, forming a productive alliance with Liao, and the country initially established a stable pattern. There were a large number of politicians in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu, Han Qi and Wang Anshi. They were sincere to the country and introduced many reform measures, which made the Northern Song Dynasty once look like a testing ground for new political ideas. Among them, Wang Anshi's political reform had the greatest influence. Although it didn't last long and the reform didn't succeed in the end, it had a great shock to society. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong was keen on art and neglected state affairs, while the power of the Northern Jin State became stronger and stronger. In the Northern Song Dynasty, after losing good opportunities again and again, the Jin army finally went south in many ways, first losing Taiyuan and Jingkang, and then Kaifeng. Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were taken to the north by the Jin people and cut into civilians. The north has lost its place of existence, forced to shrink to the south of the Yangtze River, and had to accept the bitter fruit of crossing the river with the Jin people.