In order to survive, human ancestors had to forage everywhere in nature; Over time, people found that some animals and plants can not only be used as food to satisfy hunger, but also have certain medicinal value. In the primitive stage of human society, people could not separate food from medicine. This combination of food and medicine has formed the source and embryonic form of medicated diet. Perhaps it is based on this situation that Chinese traditional medicine says "medicine and food are homologous". Modern archaeologists discovered many medicinal foods in primitive times. Modern ethnology also found that some ethnic groups in primitive times would make food with medicinal effects. All these prove that medicated diet can really be said to have originated from the primitive times of mankind. Of course, this primitive medicinal diet prototype can not be said to be a real medicinal diet. At that time, people did not realize the medicinal properties of using food. Real medicated diet can only appear in civilized times after human beings have rich knowledge of drugs and accumulated rich cooking experience. So when did the real medicated diet originate in China, and how did it develop and evolve? Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wenzhong have had Chinese characters for medicine and diet since they had Chinese characters. The word medicated diet was first seen in Biography of Lienv at the end of Han Dynasty. Among them, there are words such as "Mother's idea of medicated diet is intimate". The Biography of Zhang Guan in Song Dynasty also recorded that "fleas began to be used as medicinal food". These records prove that the name medicinal diet appeared in China at least 1000 years ago. Before the word medicated diet appeared, there were records about the production and application of medicated diet in ancient books and records in China. Zhou Li recorded the "food doctor". The food doctor mainly manages the taste, coolness and weight of Zhou Tianzi's six foods, six drinks and six meals of Baibaibai sauce. The work of a food doctor is similar to that of a modern nutritionist, and other contents related to dietotherapy are also involved in the book. "Zhou Li Tianguan" also records that the sick doctor advocates using "five flavors, five grains and five medicines to raise his disease"; The selection of doctors advocates "nourishing bones with acid, tendons with tenderness, arteries with salt, qi with bitterness, meat with sweetness and orifices with smoothness". These ideas are already very mature principles of diet therapy. These records show that China had rich knowledge of medicated diet as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there appeared full-time personnel engaged in the production and application of medicated diet. Huangdi Neijing, written in the Warring States Period, contains: "Anyone who wants to diagnose a disease must ask where to eat and live", "Treatment must seek its root" and "medicine can be removed, and food can follow". He also said: "people take grains as the foundation", "heaven eats people with five flavors, and the earth eats people with five flavors", "five flavors are hidden in the stomach", "poison attacks evil, grains nourish, five fruits help, five livestock benefit, five vegetables supplement, and the smell is combined to supplement lean qi" Shanhaijing, which is close to the time when Huangdi Neijing was written, also mentioned the medicinal value of some foods: "Tochigi is solid, and food is not old." The above medical records show that the theory of dietotherapy in China was formed in the pre-Qin period. There are 13 prescriptions in Huangdi Neijing, among which there are 8 prescriptions with the same origin of medicine and food, such as Wu? A bone pill made of madder and sage? , sparrow eggs and abalone. Its preparation method is to grind the first three foods into pills and take them with abalone soup. Mainly used for treating blood deficiency. It shows that the production and application of medicated diet are also mature at this time.
Medicinal diet was further developed in Qin and Han dynasties. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, written at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, contains 365 kinds of medicines, including jujube, ginseng, medlar, Schisandra chinensis, rehmannia glutinosa, Coicis Semen, Poria, Adenophora adenophora, ginger, scallion, Chinese angelica, Fritillaria, almond, dark plum, velvet antler, walnut, lotus seed, honey, longan, lily and aconite, all of which are medicinal foods. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in Han Dynasty, further developed the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and used a lot of diet conditioning methods besides medication, such as Baihu Decoction, Taohua Decoction, Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Decoction, Guadi Powder, Ten Jujube Decoction, Lily Egg Decoction, Angelica Ginger Mutton Soup, Ganmai Jujube Soup, etc. In the aspect of dietotherapy, Zhang Zhongjing not only developed the theory of Huangdi Neijing, but also highlighted the conditioning and preventive functions of diet, initiated the combination of medicine and food to treat serious diseases and emergencies, and recorded the taboos of dietotherapy and the food hygiene that should be paid attention to. Before the Han Dynasty, although there was abundant knowledge of medicated diet, it was still not systematic, which laid the foundation for the theory of medicated diet therapy in China.
The Jin and Tang Dynasties were the formative stages of medicated diet therapy. At this time, the theory of medicinal diet has developed greatly, and some special works have appeared. Gehong's Elbow Recipe in Jin Dynasty, Cui Jie's Classic of Food in Northern Wei Dynasty and Liu Xiu's Prescription in Liang Dynasty played a connecting role in the development of China's medicinal diet theory.
Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote an article about "dietotherapy" in the book "Preparing a Thousand Daughters". At this point, dietotherapy began to become a specialized discipline, in which * * * contains 164 kinds of medicated diets, which are divided into four categories: fruits, vegetables, Gu Mi, birds and animals. Sun Simiao also pointed out: "Food can dispel evil, fix dirty, please people and invigorate qi and blood." "If you want to treat, you must first carry out diet therapy; It is not cured by diet, but by ear medication "; He also believes that "if you can properly eat the disease and send it to the epidemic, it can be described as a good job, a strange way to lure the elderly for many years, and a very healthy way." Meng E, a disciple of Sun Simiao, compiled Herbal Medicine for Dietetic Therapy. This is the first monograph on dietotherapy in China, which integrates food and traditional Chinese medicine. * * * Collected 24/kloc-0 kinds of food, and recorded its taste, health care efficacy, side effects after overeating and partial eclipse, and its unique processing and cooking methods in detail. At this time, there is also A Heart Guide to Dietotherapy edited by Dr. Yin Yan, and Edible Materia Medica written by Chen Shiliang in the Southern Tang Dynasty, all of which appeared in the Jin and Tang Dynasties, focusing on dietotherapy and medicated diet, and discussing the efficacy of dietotherapy in detail.
The Song and Yuan Dynasties were a period of all-round development of dietotherapy and medicated diet. Taiping Shenghui Prescription was formally revised in Song Dynasty, and a special "dietotherapy door" was set up, recording 160 prescriptions of medicinal diet, which can treat 28 diseases. Medicinal diet appears in the form of porridge, soup, cakes and tea. The rulers of Yuan Dynasty also attached importance to medical theory, advocated the further combination of Mongolian and Chinese medicine, and absorbed the achievements of foreign medicine. The book "Drinking and Eating Correctly" compiled by Dr. Hu Sihui is the earliest monograph on nutrition in China, including 203 kinds of foods. In addition to talking about the treatment of diseases, from the perspective of nutrition, it is emphasized for the first time that normal people should strengthen the intake of dietary nutrients to prevent diseases, and the food hygiene and medication diet are recorded in detail.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese dietotherapy entered a more perfect stage. Almost all the books on materia medica have noticed the relationship between materia medica and dietotherapy, and the cooking and production of medicated diet have reached a high level, and most of them meet the requirements of nutrition. Compendium of Materia Medica, a famous medical work in Ming Dynasty, provided abundant information for China's dietotherapy. There are more than 300 kinds of cereals, vegetables and fruits, including dietary taboos, medication and dietary taboos. Judy recorded 4 14 kinds of edible plants in famine years in Herbal Medicine for Disaster Relief, and described their origins, names, tastes and cooking methods in detail. In addition, there are Xu Chunfu's Ancient and Modern Medical System, Lu He's Edible Materia Medica and Ningyuan's Edible Materia Medica. Among them, Jia Ming's Dietary Guidance and Wang Mengying's Interesting Diet Spectrum are famous, which still have great clinical and practical value. Dietotherapy in this period also has a prominent feature, and the idea of advocating vegetarianism has been further developed. For example, Huang Yungu's "Porridge Spectrum" and Cao Tingdong's "Lao Lao Heng Yan" both attach importance to vegetarianism, which is helpful to the development of dietotherapy and health preservation. China medicated diet has a long history since ancient times; From the imperial court to the people, it spread widely. According to some scholars' statistics, from the early Han Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty, there were more than 300 books about medicinal diet. Nowadays, the works on dietotherapy and medicated diet are colorful and widely used, and even some special medicated diet restaurants have appeared. In people's lives, medicated diet has gained unprecedented popularity, and it also enjoys a high reputation abroad and is favored. Medicinal diet is an important part of traditional diet and traditional medicine in China. Today, it has become a unique science, art and culture, which has entered thousands of households and spread all over the world.
The role of medicated diet
● Treat diseases.
1. Treating diseases mainly with medicinal diet?
Some diseases or diseases at a certain stage can be treated mainly with medicated diet or food. For example, Guizhi decoction is the main prescription for treating exogenous wind-cold and disharmony between camp and health; Ganmai jujube soup in synopsis of the golden chamber is an example of treating women's dirty mania with diet therapy. ?
2. Does the combination of medicine and food help treat diseases?
Neijing puts forward that "medicine can dispel it and food can follow it", and dietotherapy is an important and indispensable part of comprehensive therapy. Ancient physicians advocated relying on drugs in the heyday of evil spirits. Once the pathogenic factors decrease, we should ensure diet and nutrition in time, restore healthy qi and enhance our disease resistance while taking the medicine. Zhang Congzheng, one of the four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, advocated attacking evil first, and then supplementing evil. This is a typical homology of medicine and food. ?
3. dialectical diet therapy?
Dialectical diet is developed from syndrome differentiation and treatment. It is based on the theory of eating habits, guided by the theory and experience that the four qi, five flavors, meridian tropism, yin and yang attributes of food are closely related to human physiology, aimed at patients' syndromes, and according to the principles of "harmony of five flavors" and "cold is hot, heat is cold, deficiency is tonic, but actually diarrhea", so as to achieve the goal. The diet of patients is basically divided into four categories: warming tonic, clearing tonic, flat tonic and special disease remedies.
● Health care
Medicinal diet is widely used in health care. Modern health food and health food refer to nourishing food aimed at improving health. At present, there are quite a few health foods on the market in China, which generally include the following:
1, nourishing diet?
There are as many as 500 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines that can be used as tonics and dietotherapy, accounting for about110 of all Chinese herbal medicines, and there are more than 70 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines promulgated by the health authorities of our government. These specially-made dietotherapy medicated diets mostly come from products recorded in ancient books or spread from folk experience and improved in modern times. Among them, ginseng, Cordyceps sinensis, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Rhizoma Polygonati, Walnut, Sesame, Jujube, Paw Paw, Bird's Nest, Zaocys, Turtle, Coicis Semen, Lotus Seed, Honey, Lycium barbarum, Tremella, Arillus Longan, Royal Jelly, etc. The ancient jujube ginseng soup, like the book of ten medicines, has the functions of benefiting qi and enriching blood, strengthening yang and moistening intestines. The pig kidney wine in Shi Jian Materia Medica can cure kidney deficiency and lumbago, and the Polygonatum cake in Eight Records of Zunsheng has the function of tonifying lung and clearing lung. These colorful special nourishing foods and medicated diets are unique foods in China. ?
2. Medicated diet with various health functions?
The combination of food and medicine has made many delicious dishes with various health care functions. For example, medicated diets, snacks, snacks, sweets, preserves and so on, which have dietotherapy and health care functions, are too numerous to mention. Such as honey-stained plum blossoms and candied plum blossoms in Shanjia Qing Palace in Yuan Dynasty. Medicinal diet health drinks include soup, drink, wine, pulp, milk, tea, dew, juice and so on. Tea leaves are mostly made of tea leaves alone or mixed with some medicines, such as Gouqi tea, Yumo tea and Shenqi wine. These are medicated diets with unique processing methods and various health care functions. ?
● Enrich people's diet.
Adding health food and delicious food to daily diet is very popular among the masses. Medicinal diet food, with its oriental characteristics and artistic connotation, can have a good and far-reaching impact on enriching diet and health care content, improving cooking technology, beautifying people's lives, and promoting China's diet culture. , rest, banquets, entertainment, reception, tourism and recuperation activities at home.