1. In order to develop the economy, it is essential to protect the environment. The purpose of economic development is to improve people's living standards. The purpose of China's economic development is to meet the people's growing material and cultural needs. China was born in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal agricultural country. The economic foundation is weak, the degree of industrialization is low, and the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection generally exists in the process of economic development. Protecting the environment includes protecting people's living environment and natural environment. In cities, economic development, especially industrial development, has a negative impact on residents' lives. In rural areas, there are problems of destroying the natural environment and ecological environment. The purpose of economic development is to improve people's living standards, but in the process of development, the destruction of the environment has affected people's lives, which goes against the original intention of economic development.
Second, economic development must protect the environment, which is the requirement of sustainable development strategy. The environment in which we live, our descendants will live here. Our economic development has damaged the environment, and some of the damage is irreparable, which is a crime against future generations. Now all countries in the world attach great importance to the study of sustainable development strategy and vigorously develop green industries and pollution-free industries. China is a big country with a long history and civilization. In the process of economic development, we should pay more attention to environmental protection and leave a beautiful living space for future generations.
Three, the development of economy must protect the environment is the requirement of natural law. In the process of economic development, if the natural environment is seriously damaged, then we will be severely punished by nature. The flood is the inevitable result of destroying the environment. I am afraid that the manpower, material resources and financial resources consumed in fighting floods and disaster relief have exceeded the economic development achievements at the expense of the environment. The laws of nature are merciless, and whoever violates them will be retaliated by them. We must attach great importance to protecting the natural and social environment in the process of economic development.
Fourth, the fundamental way to solve the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection is to further develop the economy. Development is the last word. We can't lose the protection of the environment because of developing the economy, let alone shrink back on the issue of developing the economy on the grounds of protecting the environment. The way out is to develop the economy. We should strengthen our awareness of environmental protection and use our brains. Economic development and environmental protection are not necessarily contradictory. On the contrary, economic development should promote environmental protection. Vigorously develop high-tech, pollution-free green industries. With the development of economy, the prosperity of the country and the improvement of productivity, people's ability to conquer and transform nature will be further strengthened. People not only have the ability to protect the environment, but also can transform it. Turned the desert into a process. Developing economy is the way to protect the environment.
The whole society should pay attention to economic development and environmental protection. At present, many localities and departments develop their economies at the expense of the environment. There are historical and practical reasons for this, but if we look at the problem from a development perspective, people will more deeply realize the importance of environmental protection in the process of economic development. Leaders at all levels should establish environmental awareness, understand economic development and environmental protection from a strategic perspective, base themselves on the overall situation, make overall plans, vigorously develop the economy and improve people's living standards while protecting the environment.
In short, there is no contradiction between protecting the environment and developing the economy. In the process of developing economy, we must pay attention to protecting the environment.
Because pollution is bound to do harm. The earth is a round world. In fact, there is no absolute waste on earth. Everything can be recycled. However, human intervention has led to the deviation of this cycle and the irrecoverable things. For example, foam lunch boxes in the early years. If so, it is a vicious circle. In this way, the resources of the earth will be consumed. Then the earth will be in danger. Protective measures should be as close as possible to the earth's self-circulation. Prevention should be more "farsightedness", not always focusing on economic goals. From the perspective of humanity and nature.
Protecting the environment is an important issue facing mankind in the 2 1 century. The thought of environmental protection in the pre-Qin period and its countermeasures provided us with rich ideological resources.
Keywords: environmental protection, respect for life
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Land desertification, marine red tide, water depletion and water pollution, Antarctic ozone hole, greenhouse effect, global warming, acid rain area expansion, sandstorm approaching step by step, sharp decline in forest resources, accelerated extinction of biological species, sharp decline in animal and plant resources, floods, droughts, air pollution, population explosion, ecological imbalance, ... Since the beginning of the twentieth century, human society has never been so worried and nervous about the earth on which it depends. Every day, all kinds of disastrous news reports about the environment make people panic all the time, and there is great fear and amazement of sitting at the top of an erupting volcano waiting for overnight destruction. Topics and actions related to environmental protection have become one of the century topics of mankind:
Scientists believe that the biggest challenge for human survival in the future is the ecological environment. Today's earth is already ecologically overloaded. In the new century, mankind must make more effective use of natural resources such as water, energy, land and raw materials.
-Excerpted from the Internet "Environmental Protection"
Protecting and improving the environment is an important issue related to the happiness and economic development of people all over the world, and it is also the urgent hope of people all over the world and the responsibility of governments.
Protecting and improving the environment has become an urgent goal of mankind.
The ability of human beings to transform the environment, if used improperly or rashly, will cause immeasurable damage to human beings and their environment.
Governments of all countries and people of Qi Xin work together to benefit all people and future generations!
-United Nations Declaration on the Human Environment, official report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972.
At present, most environmental problems come from human's wrong behavior towards the ecosystem.
We regard the conquest of nature as the progress of mankind, that is to say, nature is often destroyed because of our misunderstanding.
-1972 Informal Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment "There is Only One Earth"
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Perhaps, we need to learn the ideas and countermeasures about environmental protection from the ancient people in China, so as to review the mistakes made by future generations to the "old adage" because of ignorance and arrogance, so as to improve the living environment more effectively and survive.
Our ancestors attached great importance to improving and protecting the environment in struggle for existence. "Jingwei Reclaiming the Sea", "Dayu Harnessing the Water" and "Goddess Mending the Sky" all belong to this activity handed down in the form of myths and legends. The earliest recorded environmentalist was the Yellow Emperor. Volume I of Historical Records of the Five Emperors records that the Yellow Emperor "has a hundred valleys of vegetation, birds, animals, insects and moths, the moon, the sun, the moon, the stars, the waves, the earth, the stones and jade, diligence, eyes and ears, water, fire and materials." Sima Qian told us the story of "opening the net on three sides" in Historical Records of Yin Benji III: When Shang Tang was a vassal, one day, "Tang Tang came out and saw wild nets everywhere, thinking,' All directions in the world have entered our net'." Don said,' Hey, that's enough! I walked to three sides and thought,' I want to be dumped, dumped. Right, right. You don't have to die, but you got into my net. "This is the earliest record of ancient monarchs protecting birds.
According to reports, Dayu has a good awareness of ecological protection. "Yu's ban, in March of spring, mountains don't climb axes to grow into plants; In Xia San, Kawasawa did not get into the net, so he became a fish turtle. " ("Yi Zhou Shu's massive solution").
Zhou Wenwang told King Wu before his death to strengthen the management of mountains and rivers and protect the living things, because the rise and fall of a country depends on the ecological quality. He said: "The mountains and forests raise axes from time to time to grow into vegetation; When Kawasawa is not in the net, he will become a fish turtle; If you don't die, you will grow into birds and beasts. Fish and turtles return to their roots, and birds and beasts return to the forest. They are lonely and hard, they are salty and dependent on their lives. " ("Yi Zhou Shu Wen Chuanjie") Obviously, the ancients have understood that when asking for resources from nature, they must be temperate, pay attention to the seasons, and carry out fishing and hunting activities according to certain seasons. In BC 1 1 century, the Western Zhou Dynasty promulgated the order of cutting and worshipping: "Do not destroy houses, fill wells, cut down trees and move six animals. It is better to die than to be a missionary. "This is an earlier law to protect water sources, animals and forests in ancient China. In the twenty-first year of King Jing of Zhou, in view of the shortage of the national treasury, the state planned to cast gold coins. Duke Stan Mu of Qing Dynasty objected that the problem of national treasury deficit could not be solved by minting coins alone, because the metal raw materials needed for minting coins were obtained by digging mountains and forests. It is impossible to destroy mountains and forests: "The mountains and forests are exhausted, the foothills are scattered, the people are exhausted, the land is barren and the capital is scarce, and the gentleman will be in danger. Why bother?" (1) Mr. Shan Mugong made it very clear: If the mountain forest resources are exhausted, without Yuheng's management, Shui Bo will not produce, the people will not be able to produce, the fields will be barren and the materials will be scarce. How can you be happy when you are busy dealing with dangerous situations? This is aimed at the rulers, and the central idea is to link the protection of mountains and rivers with the national economy and people's livelihood.
"Mandarin Bo Yang's Father on Earthquake" says: "The husband's soil and water are played by the people, but the soil and water are not played, and the people are short of money, so what should they do if they die!" Bai Yang's father thought that only when the soil and water are ventilated and the land is moist can people use it to grow grain. Without ventilation, the land will rot and turn into Grimer, and the country will perish because it can't grow food and lacks financial resources.
Confucianism has the idea that "heaven has the virtue of good life" Confucius said, "What did Heaven say? How the four seasons go, how everything grows "(The Analects of Confucius, Yang Huo). The so-called day here refers to a natural day of endless life. Man, heaven, earth, everything and nature are all integrated and harmonious. The Doctrine of the Mean says: "Everything is harmonious without harming each other, and Tao is harmonious without contradicting." "The way of heaven and earth, a word can be done. If it is not the same thing, it will be unpredictable. " "Book of Rites, Suburb Sacrifice" says: "Yin and Yang combine to get everything." This kind of "harmony" and "harmony" express the objective law of "Heaven is always there, not to live, not to die" (On Xun Tian Zi), which shows that the rational development and utilization of resources should be moderate. Therefore, Confucius opposed the abuse of resources: "save money, care for others, and enable people to use time." (Learning the Analects of Confucius), The Analects records that Confucius "fished without a net and swam without lodging", and Confucius asked people to care for nature from the height of morality and ethics. He said, "It is unfilial to cut down trees and kill animals." (The Book of Filial Piety) Ceng Zi gave full play to this thought of Confucius: "When the tree is cut down, the beast will be killed." . (Sacrificial ceremony). Mencius, the sage of Asia, said, "What a gentleman does is transformed into a god, and he rises and falls with heaven and earth." ("Mencius dedicated") suggested that Liang let the people: "A family of five acres is a mulberry tree." ("On Hui Liang Zhang Wang's Sentence") "One house has five acres, and there are mulberry trees under the wall." Although this is an economic proposition, it contains the idea of protecting the environment. He said: "If you don't go against the farming season, the whole grain can't win the grain." If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley, fish and turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, just to keep the people healthy and immortal. Here, Mencius warned the rulers to "love others and things", and to store things with heavy objects can maintain the sustainable development of mankind. It can be seen that Mencius advocates that developing economy is on a par with protecting the environment and taking the road of sustainable development. There is a saying in The Book of Songs Zhou Song Shimai that "there are hundreds of gods, rivers and mountains in Huairou Qiao Yue" (2), that is, all gods, rivers and mountains should be treated well.
In the ancient literature of China, there are not only the ideas of environmental protection, but also the story of strict enforcement of environmental protection laws: "Li Ge broke" (that is, fishing nets). It is said that one summer, Lu went to Surabaya to cast a net to fish, and the doctor Li Ge intervened, saying that according to the system stipulated by his ancestors, "Xia San Yuechuan Ze does not get into the net" (fish can't fish in the river during the growing season every summer), and Lu's practice violated the ancient system. Rige not only tore up the fishing net and threw it into the water, but also loudly preached the old adage to Lu: "Besides, Fushan does not tiller or cut it down. Fish is forbidden, animals are long, birds lick eggs, insects bite, and common things bite. " (4) In order to protect vegetation, birds and animals, fish and insects, and make them thrive, the regenerated branches on the mountain, the immature aquatic plants in the water, fish, young animals, eggs and unformed larvae shall not be cut down. The old adage here can be understood as law, which can prevent the king from breaking the law by protecting the environment, indicating how much the ancients attached importance to environmental protection.
China was based on agriculture in ancient times, so the feudal ruling class had to pay attention to protecting the natural environment. The mountains and rivers were destroyed, the people were forced into exile, and the rulers could not rule. Therefore, Guan Zi, the prime minister of the State of Qi, put forward the protection of nature as a condition for whether a monarch is qualified to rule: "Therefore, a monarch cannot guard his mountains and rivers and be the king of the world." (The pipe is light and heavy) Because "Mountain Forest Zebu" is "a place of natural wealth" (Guan Li Zheng), "Mountains are not used to raise children, but to raise feet" (Guan Li is extravagant), so "those who run out of mountains are not wise enough." Guan Zhong believes that to harness mountain rivers and protect biological resources, it is not to close them for people to use, but to open them according to the specified seasonal time, so that people can make full use of their biological resources. "Every mountain has its own time, and the people are meticulous." ("Guan Zi Xiao Kuang") Guan Zi also enacted a strict criminal law, saying, "Those who respect goodness are forbidden to seal it. Those who move and close the mountain will die without forgiveness. Those who violate the order, the left foot enters, the left foot breaks, the right foot enters, and the right foot breaks. " ("Book of Guan Di Zi") Even the nobles in the palace should obey the law: "Although the mountains are close and the vegetation is beautiful, there must be a degree in the palace, and hair must be banned." He is telling the king that although the mountains are close and the vegetation grows well, there must be a certain limit to the construction of houses and palaces, and there must also be a time limit for closed development. The environmental protection thoughts and measures in Guanzi are aimed at developing economy and enriching Qiang Bing. Guan Zhong's ban on protecting Linshan Zechuan is very strict. It can be seen that environmental protection can be effective only through legal means.
The ancient rulers of China also summed up a set of practices of combining economic development with environmental protection in production management, so as to promote each other. Xunzi said: "The system of the holy king is also: lush vegetation, axes do not enter the forest, neither die nor live, and never stop." Catfish, turtles, loaches, and eels are pregnant (spawning-introducers), and the net poison does not enter the ze and does not die. Spring ploughing, summer harvest, autumn harvest and winter storage lose no time, so the crops are abundant and the people have enough to eat; At this time, fishy ponds, ponds, swamps and rivers are forbidden, so fish and turtles are much better and the people are more useful; It's time to cut down and grow, so mountains are not children, and people have more material things. "("Xunzi Wang Zhi ") Xunzi believes that the quality of the environment is directly related to the survival of species:" Chuanyuan is the home of arowana; Mountain people, the home of birds and animals "the river is deep, the fish and turtles return to it, and the mountains and the beasts return to it"; If the river is dry, the arowana will go, the mountain forest will be in danger, and the birds and beasts will go "("Xunzi Zhishi "). He also said: "When the forest is bright, it is forbidden to send hair" (Xunzi Wang Zhi). Xunzi's thought of respecting the ecological environment and attaching importance to the sustainable utilization of natural resources was regarded as a part of the "holy king system", which was later inherited by rulers of past dynasties. For example, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of the equator nationwide, and at the same time planted pine forests every three feet on both sides of the road, that is, "trees have pine trees" and "poor in the East, Wu Chu is above the Antarctic and rivers and lakes", which is very large. 1975 A number of bamboo slips were unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province. Among them, Qin Law and Tian Law stipulated: "In spring and February, trees, trees and water on the embankment dare not be cut down, grass dare not be reduced to ashes, pears are eaten raw, eggs are squashed, and ... poisonous fish and turtles are not allowed. ..... If the city is close to soap, no parking is allowed, and you won't dare to take your dog to other places when you are embarrassed. "Qin law to the effect that from February in spring, trees are not allowed to be cut down in the forest and roads are not allowed to be blocked in the forest. In summer, it is forbidden to go into the mountains to cut wood and burn weeds as fertilizer, to collect newly sprouted plants or take young animals, birds' eggs and young birds (pull out birds' eggs), to prohibit poisonous fish and turtles, and to set traps and nets to catch birds and animals. It was not until July that the above ban could be lifted. Others live near forbidden parks such as cattle and horses, and dogs are not allowed to hunt when puppies breed. Of course, strict laws have been formulated, and if the rulers take the lead in not observing them, they will also become a dead letter. Qin Shihuang was also guilty of destroying the environment. "Historical Records of the First Qin Shihuang's Chronicle 6" records that the first emperor went to Xiangshan Temple, "In case of strong wind, don't cross. "Ask the doctor:' What is the God of Xiang Jun?' The doctor said to him, "Yao's daughter, Shun's wife, is buried here. So the first emperor was furious and let all three thousand criminals cut down the trees in Xiangshan and smash its mountains. "It can be seen that if the environmental protection law cannot restrict the supreme ruler and become a means of governance rather than an end, it will eventually destroy the environment.
In Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, the protection of natural resources is stipulated more specifically, which is called "four seasons ban": "Mountains dare not cut trees, ze dare not ash, nets dare not go out, ze dare not enter the abyss, ze is not afraid of boat danger, and it is also harmful at this time. In short, it is forbidden to cut down trees, mow grass and burn ashes, hunt birds and animals, fish and turtles in the mountains in the specified season. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals 1- 12 and The Book of Rites and the Moon Order all make completely consistent and detailed regulations on the different climate of each month. These two books were written at the end of the Warring States and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and their thoughts originated from the pre-Qin Spring and Autumn Period.
In Meng Chunyue, ... I was ordered to sacrifice mountains and rivers, and those who were useless sacrificed them. Logging is prohibited. Don't build a nest, don't kill children. Fetal bird. No eggs, no eggs.
Mid-spring moon, ... Bud, raising children and saving orphans. Don't run out of fish, don't lick the pond, don't burn the forest. Sacrifice is unnecessary.
The moon in Ji Chun, ... dammed the canal to blaspheme and smelled the passage, without hindrance. There are no nine medicines for hunting wild animals: trapping, killing and killing. ..... don't cut down the sangzhe.
After Xia Mengyue, ... grows up, there will be no bad falls, no earthworks, no mass, and no felling of trees. ..... It's harmless to drive away animals, but it's unnecessary to hunt large fields.
Midsummer Moon, ... Traveling with other groups. It's no use if the south is on fire.
On the moon in summer and season, ... trees are lush, which is a danger to people. If you go into the mountains, you won't cut down.
The moon in Qiu Meng, ... after the dike, we want to block it to prevent it from flowing.
The moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, ... is the life of killing and wishing. It depends on equipment to take the route of sacrifice. It is the fate of the company to drive people to converge. Livestock and vegetables are accumulated. Is to persuade to grow wheat. No or lost time.
The moon in autumn, ... is a life of burying and killing, cultivating and harvesting. The son of heaven was taught to hunt in the wild. Grass and trees are yellow, but cut wages into charcoal. The stinging insects are salty, but they are all dead.
The moon in Meng Dong, ... is a fisherman's life. Collect gifts from water springs and Ikezawa.
On the mid-winter moon, ... some farmers don't harvest or accumulate, and some cows, horses, livestock and beasts are released and don't take them. Some people in the deep mountains and forests can also get vegetables for hunting, and teach them wild dangers.
The moon in winter, ... ordered fishermen to start fishing. Start over at the age of 18, specialize in agriculture and don't do it.
Farming, hunting, fishing, logging, breeding, grazing and burning charcoal all have clear season and month restrictions, and environmental protection is listed as a national event alongside the worship of heaven and earth and ancestors.
These laws and regulations on the protection of mountains, rivers, plants, birds, animals and fish are all relatively early in the world. The laws of the past dynasties after China also have similar environmental protection provisions.