What is the therapeutic mechanism of Hericium erinaceus (and mushrooms such as Lentinus edodes, Tricholoma matsutake, Cordyceps sinensis, Auricularia auricula, Coprinus comatus, Coriolus versicolor, Tremella fuciformis and Grifola frondosa)? )? Tremella, also known as auricularia auricula, is a precious edible and medicinal fungus. Its nutritional value is very high. According to the analysis of China Academy of Medical Sciences, every hundred grams of dried tremella contains 5 grams of crude protein, 0.6 grams of crude fat, 79 grams of carbohydrate, 2.6 grams of crude fiber, 3. 1 gram of ash, 380 mg of calcium, 250 mg of phosphorus and 30.4 mg of iron. There are 17 amino acids in protein. In addition, there are tremella polysaccharides and vitamins, which are very beneficial to human health. Therefore, tremella has been regarded as a nourishing treasure of fitness since ancient times. In medicine, tremella is a widely used and effective Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine experts believe that tremella has the functions of "strengthening essence and tonifying kidney, moistening lung and promoting fluid production, relieving cough and moistening intestine, invigorating stomach and qi, enriching blood, strengthening heart and strengthening body, strengthening brain and refreshing mind, beauty beauty and prolonging life". According to Zhang Ren 'an's "Antidote of Herbal Poetry", "This thing is moist with Ophiopogon japonicus but not cold, and sweet with Polygonatum odoratum but not greasy. It is an important product for moistening lung and nourishing yin." Chinese medicine is still used to treat lung heat cough, lung dryness and dry cough, blood in phlegm, postpartum weakness, constipation, bloody stool and other diseases. According to recent research, tremella contains two kinds of polysaccharides: one is called acidic heteropolysaccharide (composed of mannose, xylose and glucuronic acid); The other is called neutral heteropolysaccharide (composed of mannose, xylose, galactose and glucose). Tremella polysaccharide can improve human immunity, and has a significant effect on diffuse bronchitis and cor pulmonale in the elderly. It can also protect the liver and improve the body's ability to resist atomic radiation. In addition, by enhancing the antigen ability of the body, the growth of tumor cells is indirectly inhibited, which plays the role of strengthening the body resistance and eliminating pathogens. Therefore, tremella has always been used as a good medicine to prevent and treat various diseases. Hericium erinaceus is named after its fruiting body looks like Hericium erinaceus. It is one of the four treasures produced in China. Modern medicine has found that Hericium erinaceus contains a variety of amino acids, B vitamins, carotene and rich minerals, and its fruiting body has good curative effect as an adjuvant therapy for patients with gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. Main effects: 1. Anti-ulcer effect: enhance the barrier function of gastric mucosa; Amino acid composition plays an important role in the regeneration and repair of gastric mucosa epithelium in ulcer healing. Inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori. 2. Anti-tumor effect: enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages, promote the production of immunoglobulin, strengthen white blood cells, improve the transformation rate of lymphocytes and the body's own disease resistance, increase the body's tolerance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells, and prevent the synthesis of DNA and RNA of cancer cells. Induce the production of interferon and increase the anti-cancer effect. 3, liver protection: Hericium erinaceus has a high content of branched-chain amino acids, and amino acid metabolism in the body is balanced after taking it. Zinc protects liver cells from damage. Oleanolic acid glycoside isolated from mycelium is a substance that induces interferon production in vivo, and interferon is an effective component for treating hepatitis. 4, anti-aging: Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide promotes the synthesis of nerve growth factor, which can prevent mental decline, neurasthenia and premature aging. 5, immune enhancement: improve the body's ability to resist hypoxia. 6. Reduce blood sugar, blood pressure and blood lipids. It can increase cardiac blood flow, accelerate blood circulation and increase coronary blood flow. 7. It can regulate the central nervous system. Efficacy and selection method of Cordyceps sinensis. Ten Efficacy Cordyceps sinensis is a traditional and precious medicated diet tonic in China. It has the functions of nourishing lung and kidney, relieving cough, benefiting deficiency and nourishing essence and qi. According to clinical research reports, Cordyceps sinensis has ten major effects: ① antibacterial, ② immunomodulatory, ③ anticancer, ④ anti-inflammatory, ⑤ tonifying kidney, ⑤ increasing adrenal cortisol content, ⑤ antiarrhythmic, ⑧ antifatigue, ⑨ expectorant and antiasthmatic, and ⑩ sedative and hypnotic. It is suitable for patients with deficiency of both lung and kidney, deficiency of essence and qi, cough and shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, soreness of waist and knees, impotence and nocturnal emission, and cough with phlegm and blood. Because it is flat and slow, it can balance yin and yang, and it is also a good tonic for the elderly, the weak after illness and the weak after childbirth. How to buy should first pay attention to the appearance and color. Cordyceps sinensis looks like a silkworm, about 3 ~ 5 cm long, with dark yellow to yellowish brown surface, 20 ~ 30 ring lines and 8 pairs of feet (4 pairs in the middle are obvious). The base is slender and cylindrical, about 4 ~ 7 cm long and about 0.3 cm in diameter. The surface is dark reddish brown to brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and slightly enlarged upper part. The section is white, slightly fishy and slightly bitter. When selecting, the insect body should be complete, plump, plump, Huang Liang in outer color, white in inner color and short in female seat. It should be noted that some shell Cordyceps sinensis are sold after extracting effective components. The content of this kind of Cordyceps sinensis is low, and its appearance is not full. You can also take a closer look. If there are foreign objects such as iron wires inserted in Cordyceps sinensis, it is a fake. It is recommended to buy products from regular shops or reputable manufacturers. How to eat Cordyceps sinensis can make up the deficiency, depending on the patient's condition, either alone or in combination with other drugs. Can be decocted in water, boiled in soup, made into medicated diet, soaked in wine, made into tea, etc. For patients with low back pain, wet dream's nocturnal emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, tinnitus, forgetfulness, and trance, only 2g of Cordyceps sinensis can be used each time, ground into powder, and taken on an empty stomach once every morning and evening; You can also use 5 grams of Cordyceps sinensis with Eucommia ulmoides and Dipsacus. , decoct soup to drink. People who are physically weak after illness, or those who are physically weak at ordinary times and easily catch a cold and sweat because of fear of cold, can often stew Cordyceps with chicken, duck, beef, pig and mutton. If you use 5 ~ 10 pieces of Cordyceps sinensis and 0/0 piece of old duck, remove abdominal impurities and add a little yellow wine to cook until it is rotten, you can enhance your physique. Or use 4 pieces of Cordyceps sinensis every day and take it on an empty stomach after decocting. Auricularia auricula is nutritious and simple to make, and it is recognized as a delicious food. However, eating more is useless. According to "Materia Medica", "Auricularia auricula is rich in rotten wood in wetlands, sweet in taste, flat in nature and slightly toxic. Those who have locust trees and mulberry trees are the top grade, and those who have maple trees are not edible. Red is poisonous, discoloration, light at night, and insect-free decay are also poisonous. " Traditional Chinese medicine believes that auricularia auricula is wet and born in rotten wood, so it has the harm of renal failure. Essence is the source of life, and essence decline is the source; Kidney is the congenital root, and renal failure is the congenital root. So black fungus must be eaten, but not much, especially pregnant women and children. Tricholoma matsutake: the mushroom cover is spherical when it is young, oblate and hemispherical after opening the umbrella, with a diameter of 6~30cm, dirty white, with yellowish brown to chestnut brown flat silky scales, and the mushroom meat is thick and white; The bacterial folds are curved, unequal in length, and white and dense; There are brown ciliated scales under the funicle, which are solid and slightly enlarged at the base. Single-bead stalk is born on the upper part of stalk, with white edge and the same color as the stalk below. In Yunnan, fruiting bodies are distributed in the mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, Quercus spp. and Rhododendron spp. in temperate and cold temperate zones at an altitude of 1600 ~ 3200m. The main components of fresh products contain crude protein 17%, crude fat 5.8%, crude fiber 8.6%, ash 7. 1%, and also contain many vitamins and amino acids. Tricholoma matsutake is regarded as a precious jade in edible fungi in Japan and Europe, which has the functions of strengthening the body, benefiting the stomach and relieving pain, regulating qi, resolving phlegm and expelling insects. It also has special effects on treating diabetes and cancer. Grifola frondosa I. Overview Grifola frondosa is also known as Grifola frondosa, chestnut mushroom and lotus mushroom, and its scientific name is Zhulingwan. Grifola frondosa is fresh, crisp, fragrant and extremely delicious, while dry food has a unique fragrance. At the same time, the polysaccharide in the fruiting body of Grifola frondosa has the functions of enhancing immunity and anti-tumor, and Grifola frondosa is also an adjuvant therapy for edema, ascites due to cirrhosis and diabetes. Polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa fruiting body has been used in pharmacy. Recent studies also show that Grifola frondosa polysaccharide has anti-AIDS effect.