Wei Zhuang was born in Xiaoyao Public House in Weizhi Dongwan, Jingzhao. He is the seventh grandson of Wenchang and the fourth grandson of Suzhou secretariat Wei. When his family arrived in Wei Zhuang, his parents died early and his family was poor. Poor mechanics will make you sensitive. Like Wen Tingyun, it is called "Wen Wei". Open and informal, self-willed.
Xian Tong worked as a policeman in, Shangshu, Taiyin and Beidu for four years (863).
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (878), Chang 'an failed the exam and was renamed Weizhuang.
In the first year of Guangming (880), he was forty-five, and he was unworthy of promotion in Chang 'an, just as Huang Chao's army invaded Chang 'an, so he fell into war and was separated from his brothers and sisters. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), he left Chang 'an for Luoyang.
In the third year of neutralization (883), he joined our naval envoy in the town.
In the first year of Guangqi (885), he went to Baoji to "welcome guests" and settled in Quzhou. The following year, I set out for Baoji. I heard that Tang Xizong had arrived at the Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi), so I followed him.
After that, he returned along the Weihe River and the Yellow River and landed in Jin Meng. Originally, he planned to go directly to Runzhou from southeast Xuchang via Anhui. Unexpectedly, in July, Qin Zongquan captured Xuzhou (now Xuchang) and killed our ambassador Lu. It seems that this road is impassable, so Wei Zhuang changed his plan to go to Kaifeng along the east of the Yellow River and planned to return to Runzhou (Kaifeng, Henan) from Kaifeng South. Unfortunately, at this time, the backyard of Runzhou Zhoubao caught fire, and its general Zhang Yu rebelled after being drunk. In this case, it is not appropriate to return to western Zhejiang, so we must return to Jin Meng.
About in the first month of the third year of Guangqi (887), when the war in Xuchang ended, Wei Zhuang came to Xuchang again and planned to return to Zhejiang by land from Xuchang as planned. I also learned that Zhou Bao of Runzhou fled to Changzhou because of the rebellion of the imperial general Liu Hao. According to his statement, Zhou Bao could no longer be attached, and Runzhou had no worries, so Wei Zhuang decided to go north. He first came to Heqing County (now Jiyuan) and then made a short stay in Biyang.
Wei Zhuang set out from Biyang, boarded Taihang Mountain and arrived at Tianjingguan (now the top of South Taihang Mountain in Jincheng County, Shanxi Province).
In March of the same year, Wei Zhuang passed by Taihang Mountain and hung Huangling, and started eastward from Huguan. About April, I passed between Linzhou and Huizhou, intending to leave Neihuang County and return to western Zhejiang via Shandong. I don't want to know that the smoke in Jiangnan has started again. Wei Zhuang simply went north and came all the way to Zhengding (now Shijiazhuang). Further north, to Gubeikou (now Miyun County, Beijing) Great Wall. Leave Gubeikou, go east along the Great Wall and reach Guan Yu (now Shanhaiguan). He took Shanhaiguan as the turning point of his northern tour and returned to the west. He took a boat to the Grand Canal in Hebei (now Beijing) and Hangzhou (Hangzhou) and returned to the south.
In the autumn of the same year, I passed by Qinghe County. After landing here, I learned that the war in the south of the Yangtze River had ended, and decided to return to western Zhejiang, then pass through Shandong and go straight to Xuzhou. Make a short stop in Xuzhou.
In the spring of the fourth year of Guangqi (888), he arrived in Yangzhou by boat along the Central Canal, where he landed for a short rest. I met a familiar "treat" in the inn, and Wei Zhuang chatted with him very speculatively. From his mouth, he learned in detail about the battle of Yangzhou, and learned that the situation in Jiangnan was still unstable, so he planned to flee south. He is going to stay in Stone Town (Nanjing) for a while. During my short stay in Stone Town, I visited Shangyuan County, namely Taicheng, Di Jiang Temple and Changganli. Later, it went south along the river, passed through dangtu county, and went east to Suzhou. Then go south to Huzhou, continue south to Fuchun, pass Tonglu County, turn east to Shaoxing and then east to Ningbo. From there to the west, to Jiyang County, my hometown, and then to Dongyang. Further west, I went to Wuzhou (now Jinhua in eastern Zhejiang) to stay temporarily, and then returned to Quzhou to live.
In the winter of the first year of Longji (889), he set out from Quzhou to Jiangxi, visited the layman Gong Chu at the border, and arrived at Xinzhou (now Raozhou) at the next stop. After that, I went upstream along the Xinjiang River to Raozhou (now Poyang County), and then crossed Poyang Lake to Jiujiang in the northwest to visit the Tuolin Temple in Lushan Mountain. Then I came to Nanchang, from Nanchang to Fuzhou and from Fuzhou to Yichun. Here, Wei Zhuang canceled his trip to Changsha in the northwest and turned to the west to reach the junction of Shaoyang and Loudi in Hunan. Then turn to the southeast to Leiyang, from Leiyang to the east and south to Ganzhou, ready to return. Then from Ganzhou to Xijiang (now Huichang) to the east, and then to Jianchang (now Nancheng County) to the north.
In the autumn of the second year of Dashun (89 1), Jianchang returned to Quzhou via Xinzhou (now Shangrao County).
In the autumn of the first year of Jingfu (892), Wei Zhuang was fifty years old and was preparing for the exam in Chang 'an. He started from Quzhou and went to Hubei via Xinzhou, Poyang and Jiujiang in Jiangxi. First came to Huangshi, and then to Qi 'an County (now northwest of Huanggang County). Then go through Ezhou to Xiakou (now Wuhan).
In the first month of the second year of Jingfu (893), he arrived in Shangnan (now Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province). After a long journey, I finally arrived in Chang 'an. Unfortunately, he failed again this time. Wei Zhuang listened to Huang Tao's suggestion and immediately set off for Hedong Road to find Zheng Shangshu. He left Tongguan, sailed eastward along the Yellow River, landed in Yuanyuan County, and headed for Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang). From then on, it continued north to Pingling (now 25 miles east of Wenshui County), and then crossed the Yellow River to Suizhou (now Suide, Shaanxi Province). After leaving Suizhou, Wei Zhuang went south along the Yellow River by boat until Tongguan and returned to Chang 'an.
Old age and
In the first year of Ganning (894), Wei Zhuang, who was nearly 60 years old, finally passed the examination as a scholar, and was appointed as Cao Zhao's school librarian by the court, from which his official career began. Due to the low expectations of ZTE at present, Wei Zhuang began to take precautions for "getting involved".
Go to Xishu
In the spring of the third year of Ganning (896), Wei Zhuang first went to Xiaao (now Weinan, Shaanxi) where he lived as a child, then went north to Yinzhou (now Fuxian, Shaanxi) and came to yijun county. I got the imperial edict here and rode away in a hurry. Originally, surprisingly, Wang Jian and Dongchuan Gu criticized each other, and the emperor appointed Wei Zhuang as the judge, and cooperated with the admonition doctor Li Xun to persuade surprisingly, Wang Jian and Dongchuan Gu to reconcile. After arriving in Shu, Wang Jian ignored the imperial edict and still defeated ancient Yan Hui and occupied Sichuan. For Wei Zhuang, this trip to Shu was appreciated by Wang Jian. Wang Jian wanted to recruit Wei Zhuang to his screen, but Wei Zhuang didn't agree immediately, and he was still waiting to see the change of the situation.
In the second year of Guanghua (899), Wei Zhuang withdrew from the left to fill the vacancy. During this period, I mainly did two things that have nothing to do with the political situation, but are related to the inheritance of history and culture. First, in terms of historical relics, he collaborated with his younger brother Ivy to compile "A Tour of Xuan Ji", which collected "300 poems by talented people and famous poets of One Happy and Fifty", including 19 female poems, which not only created a precedent for collecting female poems, but also fully affirmed women's dedication to China's cultural undertakings; Second, ten historical figures, such as Li He, Jia Dao, Wen and Lu Guimeng, who failed or participated in scientific research, but whose works and abilities had a certain social impact, were posthumously awarded as scholars or officials. This issue has three important meanings: first, it reflects Wei Zhuang's correction of the shortcomings of emphasizing examination papers but neglecting ability in the imperial examination at that time; Secondly, the selection of talents is only based on the evaluation of test papers, and extends to works related to the ability (including quality of course) and social influence of cultural people; Third, from the purpose of selecting talents, from unilaterally taking charge of North Korea's political affairs to taking into account the personal development of candidates.
Assist Wang Jian
In November of the third year of Guanghua (900), the eunuch staged a palace coup, imprisoned Zhao Zong, and falsely proclaimed the imperial edict, and made Prince Li Yu emperor. After hearing the news, Wei Zhuang was really desperate. His "Gift to Yunyang Peiming Mansion": "I heard that Chen Shengxin surrendered to Han. Who is the title of Tian Heng? " (Tian Heng, the leader of the uprising in the late Qin Dynasty, refused to surrender to the Han Dynasty) proves that he has made up his mind to take refuge in Wang Jian. Wang Jian was very happy and immediately appointed him as the responsible secretary. According to the Chronicle of Tang Poetry, the court "called servants to live in it, and (the king) built a watch to keep it."
After Wei Zhuang entered Shu, it was his duty to maintain local public security. In terms of appeasing the people, during his tenure as secretary, there was a county magistrate who disturbed the people. Wei Zhuang wrote to Wang Jian, saying, "It's just the fall of illness, so it's safe to die;" Don't hurt the scar any more. " That is, don't make people's lives worse. In this war-torn year, it is rare for anyone to think of the people, and it is praised as a beautiful talk for a time. In this regard, Wang Jian designated Wei Zhaung as the living room.
Wei Zhuang did two great things to avoid civil war. First of all, he prevented the Emperor of Shu from conquering Zhu Quanzhong in the name of "seeking revenge" and avoided the active war within Shu. For example, in August of the first year of God's Blessing (904), Zhao Zong was killed by Zhu Quanzhong, and "Gao Zu (Wang Jian) was very pregnant with me", so Wei Zhuang dissuaded him by "putting soldiers first, not rushing into things". God lived for three years (906), and Wei Zhaung was appointed as the envoy to the West Shu.
Second, Zhu Quanzhong's trick of annexing Shu was seen through, and the passive war of the external buffer region was avoided. "Liang () reunited with Gao-zu (Wang Jian) and promoted Gao-zu as a brother." Wei Zhuang said with a smile: "This god is arrogant about Li Mi (referring to the matter that Li Mi surrendered to Li Yuan and was killed by Li Yuan)."
In March of God bless four years (907), the Tang Dynasty officially perished, and Aidi was forced to "abdicate" the throne to the founder, and changed it to Kaiping, with its capital in Kaifeng, which is known in history. After hearing the news, Wei Zhuang, in line with the principle of safeguarding one side's peace, advised Wang Jian with other generals: "Although your majesty is loyal to Tang, Tang is dead. This so-called heaven can't be taken. " So, after leading the officials and people to cry for three days, Wang Jian was acclaimed as the emperor. From then on, Wei Zhuang was promoted to the position of the Third Riding Attendant, and was sentenced to the position of Zhongshu. According to the Annals of the Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period, Shu said: "All the founding systems, decrees, punishments, rituals and music are decided by Zhuang." This series of measures played a great role in minimizing the Sichuan war. The following year, Wei Zhuang became prime minister, and Shu had more founding systems than himself. After that, he became an official for life, and the assistant minister of the official department was also responsible for affairs.
The tenth ancestor of the family: Wei Biao, whose name is Jingyuan, was a scholar in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and was named Xiaoyao Palace.
Ninth ancestor: Wei Chong, Minister of Civil Affairs of Sui Dynasty, named Feng Yi.
The eighth ancestor: Wei Ting, an official in the Tang Dynasty, was a censor, and was later demoted to the secretariat of Xiangzhou.
Seven ancestors: Wei waits for the price, and the official is Wenchang right.
Sixth ancestor: Wei Lingyi, official to Liangzhou governor.
The fifth ancestor: Luan Wei, an official in Tang Gaozong, joined the army in Xuancheng.
Gaozu: Wei Wuying, a famous poet, was the secretariat of Suzhou.
Great grandfather: Wei Houfu.
Grandfather: Wilcher.
Father: Wei Wei. The main poems are famous. In terms of poetry, there are ten volumes of Huanhua Collection today. Wei Zhuang was trapped, besieged and sick in the Huang Chao Rebellion. In March of the third year of Zhonghe (883), he wrote Fu Qin Yin in Luoyang. The long poem "Ode to Fu Qin" reflected the unfortunate experience of women in the war, which was quite famous at that time, but it slandered the peasant rebels in Huang Chao. Later generations called Peacock Flying to the Southeast, Mulan Poem and Wei Zhuang's Ode to Fu Qin as the "Three Wonders of Yuefu".
The written language in Wei Zhuang's works is beautiful, mostly in the form of line drawing, which describes the feelings of the boudoir, leaving worries and enjoying life. There are feelings between the lines, which are first read and even diffuse in the intestines. There is no special anthology of his poems, but they are scattered in anthologies such as Huajian Collection, Zunqian Collection and Quantang Poetry. Wang Guowei has a close relationship with Liu, who co-edited Huanhua Ci, and 54 poems were named after him. His representative works include Bodhisattva Man (I, IV and V), Huanxisha (V), Yingtianchang (II), Lotus Cup (I, II), Qingpingle (III), Foot Golden Gate (II, III) and River Biography (II).
Literary Status Wei Zhuang occupies an important position in the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Weng Fanggang called him "better than Xian Tong's Ten Scholars (referring to Fang Gan, Luo Yin, Du Xunhe and others)" (Zhou Shi's poetry talk), while Zheng, Han Wo and Luo Yin (taking the five dynasties poetry talk as examples) called him "the Three Peaks of Hua Yue". He met a peasant uprising in Huang Chao before, and then he met a scuffle in the separatist regime of the buffer region, calling himself "Kuang Yaoshun". Therefore, loyalty to the Tang Dynasty is the core of his thoughts, and worrying about the times and hurting chaos is an important theme of his poems, which widely reflects the turbulent social outlook at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Land to the tiller and Walking on the Embankment express deep sympathy for the people's suffering in the war. Seeing the army returning to Gege, Yu He's school book condemned the ugly behavior of the reinforcements who were living in Luoyang at that time, and at the same time expressed their dissatisfaction with their self-respect for foreign countries and their failure to actively suppress the insurgents. His poems such as Bronze Musical Instrument, Luobei Village Residence, Wandering in the North Plains, and The Year of Xin Chou reflect his earnest expectation for the revival of the Tang Dynasty. Poems such as Moon Jae in's trip to Yang Liang and seeing Li Mingfu off in the south of the Yangtze River express his concern for the monarch and the royal family in troubled times. Xian Tong, Night Scene, Reminiscence of the Past and other works pay more attention to the present and reminisce about the past, and sing a deep elegy for the decline of the Tang Dynasty. He also has some excellent homesick poems, such as Taicheng, Jinling Map and Shangyuan County. While mourning the historical sites of the Southern Dynasties, he also expressed his lament for the social unrest at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and his mood was sad. In addition, some of his poems, such as homesickness, homesickness outside the river, ancient parting and amorous feelings, reflect that he has been wandering around for a long time, begging for official food. His landscape poems, such as "Fighting over a Water to Close the Back porch", "Climbing to Xianyang County Building and Looking at the Rain" and "Walking in the Autumn Morning", are characterized by sparse composition, clear thinking and unique features. He is good at modern poetry. The rhyme is mellow and steady, the tone is loud, the quatrains are full and intriguing; However, the words and sentences of the Qing dynasty led to graceful music, which is the same style of his modern poetry.
Wei Zhuang's masterpiece is the long narrative poem "The Ode to Fu Qin". This poem is as long as 1666 words, which is the longest existing Tang poem. Through the narration of a woman "Fu Qin" who fled from Chang 'an, this poem describes positively the situation that Huang Chao Uprising Army captured Chang 'an, proclaimed itself the emperor and founded the country, and competed with Tang Jun for Chang 'an many times, and finally the city was besieged and its food and grass were cut off. The ideological content is complex, on the one hand, it exposes the atrocities of the insurgents, on the other hand, it objectively reflects the prestige of the insurgents and the panic and corruption of the ruling class; On the one hand, it exposed Tang Jun's crime of persecuting people, on the other hand, it was mixed with the condemnation of their ineffective suppression of thieves. It chooses typical plots and scenes and uses descriptive and hierarchical methods to reflect the complex contradictions of major historical events. Careful layout and clear context mark the development of narrative art of China's poems. Wei Zhuang is called "Fu Qin Yin Sheng" because of his poems. Because of some taboos, Wei Zhuang forbade future generations to mention this poem in his later years, and it was not included in Huanhua Collection, so it was lost for a long time. Discovered in Dunhuang Grottoes in the early 20th century.
Wei Zhuang and Wen are also poets with high achievements in Huajian School, and they are also called Wen. There is not much difference in the content between Wen and Wei's ci, which is nothing more than the love between men and women, the sadness of parting without hatred, and the lingering sadness. However, the lyrics are mainly for geisha to sing, and the creative personality is not clear; Wei Ci pays attention to the expression of the author's emotions, such as "People say that Jiangnan is good" in Bodhisattva Man, learning from Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi's "Remembering Jiangnan", recalling the past travels in Jiangnan and Luoyang, and integrating the feeling of wandering all his life, the pain of leaving chaos and the feeling of homesickness. In style, Wei Ci is not as rich and colorful as literary words, but is good at expressing sincere and deep feelings with fresh and smooth brushwork, such as Huanxisha, Yearning for Love, April 17th and Midnight Last Night. Some of his characters are also influenced by folk characters, and he writes passion or melancholy in straightforward words. Such as [Sidi Township], "Spring Day Tour" and "Planning to marry for life. If you are mercilessly abandoned, you can't be ashamed. "See stagnation in honesty; [Bodhisattva Man] "Today, I remember Jiangnan music" and "I will never return when I see flowers" to express my homesickness more deeply with the "oath" of dying in a foreign land. Chen Tingzhuo said in Baiyuzhai Ci that "Wei Duanji's ci is elegant, expressive and gloomy, which is the highest among ci poems", and Xu Angxiao commented that Wei's ci poems are "pale and sad, and they are unbearable to read", all of which pointed out this feature. Wang Guowei thinks that Wei Ci is higher than literary ci, and points out that "Duanji Ci is affectionate and beautiful" and "should be above Fei Qing"; "WenFeiQing, other also. Wei Duanji's words are also "bone show", which is also from this perspective. However, there are obscene words in Wei Ci, which is its deficiency.
This episode and the research material Shu Lang Lang recorded twenty volumes of Wei Zhuang's Huanhua Collection. Supplement Wei Zhuang's Notes 1, 2, Ji 1, Xia 1, Wei 20, Huanhua Ji 5, and You in the History of the Five Dynasties. Today, only Huanhua Collection and Selected Poems of You Xuan are gone.
Huanhua Collection was edited by Wei Zhuang's younger brother Ivy. It is said that most of Wei Zhuang's works before Gengzi (880) were lost; By the time of editing, he had collected more than 1000 songs. There are only more than 200 poems in Huanhua Collection, which is less than a quarter of the original compilation. This collection consists of Zhu Chengjue's engraving (four photocopies) between Zheng De in the Ming Dynasty and Jiguge's engraving in the late Ming Dynasty, all of which are 10 volumes, roughly divided into volumes according to time and place, and the number of articles in each volume is uneven. " The Whole Tang Poetry is slightly merged into five volumes with the same content. The other volume, addendum 1, was probably added by later generations after collection.
There is no special anthology of Wei Zhuang's Ci. The Complete Tang Poetry consists of 54 poems, including Huajian Collection, Zunqian Collection and Caotang Collection. Huanhua Ci 1 Volume, edited by Liu, contains 55 * * poems, which are published in 60 famous ci poems of Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
Wei Zhuang Collection, edited by Xiang Dicong, collected more than 300 poems by Wei, with 55 words, and was published by People's Literature Publishing House 1958, which was very popular.
There are materials about Wei Zhuang's life story in Shu Konglang, Biography of Talented People in Tang Dynasty and The Spring and Autumn Period of Ten Kingdoms. Qu Yisheng, a close friend, has The Chronicle of Wei Zhuang (published by our language series in Beiping Tsinghua Campus, 1932). The Chronicle of Wei Duanji (see Chronicle of Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties 1979 Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House New 1 Edition) is available in modern summer, which is rich in information and accurate in textual research. He traveled in Wei Zhuang all his life and made a detailed comparison.
Among them, "Bodhisattva Man" (2) describes the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, "Spring water is brighter than dawn, and the original boat listens to the rain and sleeps", and it is also "the moon is like a bright moon, and the wrist is frozen with frost and snow". This situation is enough for a wanderer who wants to travel far away to hurt people's intestines, so the poet has the advice of "breaking his intestines before he gets old" This poem is touching and vivid, and it can be called a rare masterpiece among many poems describing "spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River".
In Wei Zhuang's poems, everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and wanderers only join the old in Jiangnan. The spring water is greener than the sky, and tourists can sleep on the boat listening to the rain. The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home. -Wei Zhuang in the Tang Dynasty, "Everyone says Jiangnan is good." Everyone says Jiangnan is good.
Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists should stay in Jiangnan until they are old. The spring water is greener than the sky, and tourists can sleep on the boat listening to the rain.
The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home. There are 300 Song Ci poems, graceful and restrained, homesick in the south of the Yangtze River, fragrant grass and rain, and dreambirds in the Six Dynasties. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. -Wei Zhuang's Taicheng Taicheng in the Tang Dynasty
The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing.
Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. Chanting history and remembering the past, writing scenery and expressing feelings fleas are rainy days that hurt spring dreams, but they are more sandy than grass. At the beginning, the official gave me a clear fire, and I was given a free share of the money. The purple stranger is screaming and screaming, and the green poplar is drawing a swing. Tourists think of the peace incident and feel glad that the scenery is as good as before. -Wei Zhuang's "Chang 'an Qingming" in the Tang Dynasty Chang 'an Qingming
Fleas are rainy days that hurt spring dreams, but the grass is more sandy.
At the beginning, the official gave me a clear fire, and I was given a free share of the money.
The purple stranger is screaming and screaming, and the green poplar is drawing a swing.
Tourists think of the peace incident and feel glad that the scenery is as good as before. Tomb-Sweeping Day misses reading more Wei Zhuang's poems >>
We say that people should adapt to the four seasons, everything grows in spring, and so does the body. People should pay attention to adjusting their diet, da