In spring, when the climate gets warmer, pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, etc. Beginning to flow, influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningitis, scarlet fever and other infectious diseases often occur and prevail. Therefore, we must pay attention to disease prevention and health care in spring. First, prevent liver disease. Although viral hepatitis can occur all year round, the incidence rate is the highest in early spring. Viral hepatitis is a widespread infectious disease, which seriously threatens people's health. At present, viral hepatitis is divided into five types: A, B, C, D and E, in which hepatitis A and E are transmitted through the intestine, and hepatitis virus is excreted with the feces of patients or healthy carriers. When people drink or eat drinking water or food contaminated by hepatitis virus, it will lead to human diseases. In spring, the climate gets warmer, and the infectious media such as rats, cockroaches and some flies multiply in large numbers, and their activities increase; The weather is hot, people like to eat raw water; A lot of fresh fruits and vegetables are ripe, and more fruits and vegetables are eaten raw. These factors lead to hepatitis A and hepatitis E occurring mostly in spring and summer. The way to prevent the above liver diseases is to pay attention to the environment, diet and personal hygiene. Such as washing hands with soap and public water before eating and urinating; Pay attention to food storage to avoid food contamination by flies and cockroaches; Do not drink raw water, drinking water must be boiled; Protect the environment and eliminate flies, rats and cockroaches; As for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D, they can occur all year round because they are mainly transmitted through blood. Therefore, the focus of prevention is to cut off the route of blood transmission. Second, the prevention of pinkeye. The disease is an acute infectious eye disease caused by bacteria or viruses, which usually occurs in spring and summer every year. Once it happens in schools and other collective units, it is easy to trigger an epidemic. The incubation period of pink eye is generally around 24 hours. After illness, there are often eye discomfort and foreign body sensation, more tears in eyes, photophobia and swelling pain, obvious conjunctival congestion, redness of bulbar conjunctiva, congestion of eyes and increased intraocular secretions. If it is caused by virus infection, we can also see high edema of eyelids, a large number of hair follicles on the face and conjunctiva, swelling and tenderness of lymph nodes in front of the ear, severe subconjunctival bleeding, corneal inflammation and blurred vision. The outbreak of this disease is mainly caused by contact infection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the good habit of being hygienic, loving cleanliness and washing hands frequently, and never rub your eyes with your hands. Don't swim in the swimming pool or bathe in the public bathroom when pink eye is prevalent. Third, the prevention and treatment of mumps. Mumps is easy to spread in spring when the population is dense and the room is poorly ventilated. The incubation period is 7 ~ 14 days, which mostly occurs in children aged 5 ~ 15. The initial symptoms of the disease are: general fatigue, thirst, anxiety, and sometimes high fever can reach about 39 degrees. The prominent manifestations are redness, tenderness, mouth opening or eating acidic diet, which can increase saliva secretion and aggravate pain. The course of disease is usually 1 ~ 2 weeks. Because this disease occurs because mumps virus invades oral mucosa and nasal mucosa through saliva drops of patients, and enters the blood stream to form viremia, so don't go to crowded public places during the epidemic period of this disease. Avoid contact with patients as much as possible, and keep the bedroom open and ventilated. If you are diagnosed with mumps, you will be quarantined, usually for three weeks. Fourth, prevent and control "sleepiness" in spring. In spring, people often feel sleepy, weak, listless, sleepy and wake up late in the morning. What is the reason? Spring sleepiness is not a disease, but a normal physiological phenomenon when the seasons change. The reason is that in winter, in order to prevent the loss of a lot of heat energy, the blood vessels of the whole skin are in a convergent state under the regulation of the central nervous system. In spring, as the weather gets warmer and the earth recovers, the blood vessels and pores of the skin gradually expand, and the blood flow of the skin greatly increases. However, because the total blood flow in the human body is quite stable, the blood flow to the skin increases, and relatively speaking, the blood supply to the brain will decrease; In addition, in spring, the days are long and the nights are short, so people's sleep time is relatively reduced, so people are easy to get sleepy and love to sleep. Although spring sleepiness is not morbid, it must be eliminated because it affects study and work efficiency. The measures are: 1. Pay attention to sleep, that is, don't fall asleep too late at night and don't be too sleepy in the morning. As the saying goes, going to bed early and getting up early is good for improving the quality of sleep at night. It is best to wash your face with cold water in the morning to stimulate your skin and brain to adapt to this blood circulation change in winter and spring as soon as possible. Second, pay attention to exercise, because physical exercise can greatly accelerate the brain's response to information processing, so it can effectively prevent drowsiness in spring. At present, the climate is getting warmer, especially those who stay indoors for a long time in winter, so they should adapt to the changes of nature, and take more activities in nature, such as flying kites, climbing mountains and going out for an outing, which can make you refreshed and full of vitality. The reason is that exercise improves the metabolic process of the body, enhances the blood circulation and respiratory function, and has a good stimulating effect on the functions of the central nervous system, endocrine system and immune system. In addition, regular massage of temples and sunbathing are also beneficial to relieve spring sleepiness. When you feel sleepy, you can give yourself some stimulation with sound, which can change the internal rhythm of the human body and make the central nervous system of the brain quickly awake, thus eliminating sleepiness. 5. Beware of "cold spring hurts people". Spring arrival brings life to all things. However, in early spring, people still feel very cold because of the strong chill. Therefore, there is a proverb among the masses that "spring water does not freeze people". What is the reason? Spring is the transitional period of cold and warm air mass, and the influence of cold air in the north is still very strong, which leads to windy weather in spring. The faster the wind speed, the faster and more heat the human body loses, and the colder it feels. Therefore, in addition to preventing colds from hurting people, it is also necessary to keep warm in spring, especially in early spring. As the old saying goes, "After eating the Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi, you have to freeze it three times", which reminds people to be careful about "winter" in spring. The main measures taken are: preventing cold and keeping warm. Because temperature change is a risk factor for stroke, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is high in cold weather. Due to the cold in late spring and low temperature, the secretion of adrenaline in the body increases, blood vessels contract and blood pressure rises, leading to cerebrovascular overflow. For middle-aged and elderly people, it is best to keep the room temperature above 15℃, cover it thicker when sleeping, and take the principle of not sweating; Don't take off your clothes too soon. Drink more tea, ginger juice and mushroom soup. Eat more soup dishes such as straw mushrooms, mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and mushrooms. The reason is that the tea pigment in tea can resist fibrinogen and prevent platelet adhesion and aggregation. Auricularia auricula contains some substances that hinder blood coagulation, which can effectively reduce blood viscosity and prevent rapid blood coagulation. Lentinus edodes contains Lentinus edodes purine which can reduce or inhibit the absorption of cholesterol. Because of the cold and dry climate in early spring, it will directly affect the defense function of respiratory mucosa, and the disease resistance of the whole body will also decline, and pathogenic microorganisms such as germs and viruses will take advantage of it, which is especially beneficial to the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases such as influenza, meningitis and mumps, as well as viral hepatitis and typhoid fever. A large number of epidemiological investigation data also show that the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, scarlet fever, tracheitis and tuberculosis is much higher in spring than in other seasons. All of the above shows that the prevention of diseases in spring can not ignore the cold in spring, and the folk sayings such as "cold in spring penetrates the bones" and "frozen cattle in spring" are very worthy of people's vigilance. Sixth, the prevention and treatment of colds in spring. Colds can happen all year round, but spring is the most common season. The reason is that warm spring is the season for bacteria and viruses to grow and reproduce. In addition, spring is a transitional period of cold and warm air mass, and the influence of cold air in the north is still very strong, resulting in windy weather in spring. Wind is the main qi of spring, is yang evil, and its nature is catharsis. Therefore, the common cold occurs in spring, that is, the common cold is combined with warm evil and becomes wind-heat or wind-heat evil, and the cold generally belongs to wind-heat cold. Wind-heat cold is characterized by acute onset, rapid spread, mild aversion to cold, severe fever, headache, yellow cough, sore throat, thirst, yellow urine, red tongue tip and rapid pulse. The basic principles of treatment should be pungent and cool, relieving exterior syndrome and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Those with mild symptoms can take Chinese patent medicines such as Lingqiao Jiedu Pill, Banlangen Granule and Ganmao Qingre Granule. If the high fever persists and the condition is serious, it should be treated under the guidance of a doctor. Matters needing attention: (1) Open the window to keep the indoor air fresh; (2) Clothes should be moderately increased or decreased to avoid catching cold; (3) Eat less fat, sweet and delicious, big fish and big meat and other foods that are difficult to digest, contribute to heat generation and are easily affected by external factors; (4) Pay attention to daily hygiene and life rules to avoid excessive fatigue.