A Brief History of Luoyang was founded in Xia Dynasty in 2nd/kloc-0th century BC, and Taikang moved its capital to Luoyang. Now Erlitou in Yanshi is the capital of Luoyang. In the 6th century BC/KLOC-0, Shang Tang lost its summer, with its capital in Xibo, and the site of She Xiang Gou Shopping Mall in Yanshi as its former site. 1 1 century BC, Yin Ke, Zhou Wuwang ordered Zhao Gong and Duke Zhou to establish a new capital in Luoyang. Duke Zhou built Zhoucheng in Jianshui East and Zhuoshui West, and moved his capital to Jiuding. In 770 BC, Pingdong moved to Luoyi and lived in the city. In Zhou Dynasty, in order to escape the rebellion, in 5 10 BC, another Zhoucheng was built in Di (Zhai) Spring, more than 20 miles east of the city, and Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty for more than 500 years. In 22 1 year BC, after Qin unified the six countries, Luoyang was ruled by Sanchuan County. In 206 BC, Chu and Han contended, and Xiang Yu made Shenyang king of Henan and lived in Luoyang. The following year, Liu Bang entered Romania and settled in Henan County. In 202 BC, Liu Bangjian Han, the capital of Luoyang at the beginning, moved to Chang 'an. In AD 25, the Eastern Han Dynasty with Luoyang as its capital was established, which lasted for nearly 200 years. In 220, Cao Pi established the State of Wei, with Luoyang as its capital. In 265, the Western Jin Dynasty replaced Wei. Luoyang is still the capital. In 436, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin and established Luozhou in Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang in 494. In 605, Yang Di built Luoyang and changed it to the "East Capital"; At the end of Sui Dynasty, Wang proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, with the title of Zheng. In 6 18, the Tang dynasty was established, with Luoyang as its capital; In 657, Tang Gaozong moved the capital to Luoyang, calling Luoyang the East Capital. In 690, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, and changed the East Capital to the God Capital. Later, zhongzong was re-established and the gods were changed to the east capital. In the middle Tang Dynasty, An Lushan proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, with the title of "Yan". In 907, Zhu Wen abandoned the Tang Dynasty, established Kaifeng as its capital, and then moved to Luoyang. In 923, Li Jianli took Luoyang as the "Luo Jing" in the later Tang Dynasty. In 936, Shi Jingtang destroyed the later Tang Dynasty, and initially set Luoyang as its capital, then moved to Kaifeng. In 960, the Zhao and Song Dynasties were established, with Kaifeng as its capital, Luoyang as Xijing and Henan as its home. 12 17 years, Jinsheng Luoyang became Zhongjing, and Jinchang House was established. In the Yuan Dynasty, Luoyang was the seat of Henan provincial government. Henan Province was established in Luoyang in the Ming Dynasty, and the king of Iraq and the king of axe made fiefs in Luoyang. The Qing dynasty followed the Ming system, and the Henan government was located in Luoyang and the government ruled Luoyang. In the Republic of China 19 12, Henan Province was established with Heluo Road. Daoyin House is located in Luoyang, which governs western Henan 19 county. 1920, the direct warlord Wu occupied Luoyang, and established the "Hubei and Hunan Provincial Governor's Office" and the "Third Army Division Command" in Luoyang. 1923, Henan Governor's Office moved to Luoyang, and Luoyang became the capital of Henan. 1932, when the Japanese army captured Shanghai, the National Government made Luoyang the capital and once moved the capital to Luoyang for office. After the July 7th Incident, most of North China fell, and Luoyang became an enemy outpost in the north. The "First Theater General Command" is stationed in Luoyang. 1in the autumn of 939, the Henan provincial government moved the capital to Luoyang again, and Luoyang became the capital of Henan. 1948 In March, Luoyang People's Democratic Government was established. 1949 65438+In February, Luoyang Municipal People's Democratic Government was renamed Luoyang Municipal People's Government. 1955 Luoyang county merged into Luoyang city. 1986, Luoyang area was cancelled and some counties were changed to Luoyang city. Traditional culture [Book of River Map and Book of Luo] are two mysterious patterns handed down in ancient China, which have always been regarded as the origin of Heluo culture and the source of Chinese civilization, and are known as "cosmic cubes". According to legend, in ancient Fuxi, the dragon horse appeared from the Yellow River in the northeast county of Luoyang, bringing a "river map" to Fuxi. Based on this, Fuxi became a gossip and later became the source of Zhouyi. According to another legend, when Dayu was in power, a tortoise appeared in Luoyang Luohe, carrying a "Luoshu" on his back for Dayu. Dayu succeeded in harnessing water on this basis, so he decided that the world was Kyushu. Based on this, nine chapters of Dafa were established to govern society, which was circulated in history books and named Hong Fan. The Book of Changes says, "Rivers paint, Luo writes and sages write", which refers to these two things. The Book of Changes and Hong Fan play an important role in the history of China's cultural development, and have far-reaching influence on philosophy, politics, military science, ethics, aesthetics and literature. As the source of China's history and culture, Hetuluo's works have contributed a lot. [Rites and Music System] The rites and music of the Zhou Dynasty were the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty, and the Rites and Music System was a major cultural project completed by Duke Zhou in Luoyang. Ji Dan, the son and brother of the Duke of Zhou, was a famous politician, strategist and thinker at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, who assisted in cutting Zhou and establishing the Zhou Dynasty. After the establishment of the New Dynasty, he returned to the system of rites and music, and established laws and regulations, ethical norms and the system of "cautious punishment", which made great contributions to the consolidation of the dynasty and social stability. Duke Zhou ruled the country with rites and music, established social order and promoted the development of social history. Duke Zhou's thought of rites and music is the source of Confucianism in later generations, which has influenced China for thousands of years. It is an important part of China traditional culture and a monument of Heluo culture. [Taoism] During the Spring and Autumn Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and Taoism was no exception. The founder of Taoism is Laozi. Lao Tzu's surname is Li Minger and his first name is Bai Yang. He was a "history of the collection room" in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and he managed books and classics in Luoyang for a long time. Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi's Five Thousand Articles, is the main representative work of Taoism. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, traveled thousands of miles to Luoyang to pay tribute to Laozi, which shows the great influence of Taoism at that time. Luoyang is the birthplace of Taoism, and famous Taoist priests such as Fu Qiugong, Zhang Daoling, Bohe, Ge Hong, Guan, Xu Qian, Wang, Pan Yan, etc. were all active in Luoyang. Buddhism, as one of the three major religions in the world, was born in ancient India in the South Asian subcontinent. During the reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Indian monks with photos of Morten and Zhu Falan were invited to Luoyang by China envoys from the western regions who came to pray for the DPRK, and Buddhism was officially introduced to China. The following year, the White Horse Temple was built, which was the first Buddhist temple in China established by the state. Since then, Luoyang has become the center of Buddhist research and activities in China. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were frequent wars, social unrest, the translocation of respect and inferiority, and the decline of Confucian classics. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a new philosophical trend of thought appeared, namely metaphysics. At that time, in Luoyang, Kyoto, there was a trend of criticizing "celebrities" and boasting nonsense, explaining Confucian classics from all angles with Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts, and competing with Confucian classics with metaphysics. Its main representatives are Yan He, Ruan Ji, Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang in the period of Cao Wei and Zheng Shi. The rise of metaphysics has changed the whole social fashion. People despise official career, attach importance to learning and pursue spiritual freedom, which has also promoted the development of literature and art, resulting in unprecedented artistic masterpieces such as Guangling San and Preface to Lanting Collection. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, metaphysics and Buddhism gradually merged and declined. Luoxue: a school headed by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers in Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty. Both Cheng Cheng and Zhou Dunyi studied together, and they put forward the philosophical category of "reason", believing that reason exists in all things in the world, and "every grass and tree is reasonable". It is also believed that rationality is "the principle of nature" and the eternal highest criterion of human society, which explains feudal ethics and regards the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members as "the theorem of the world". Luoxue takes Confucianism as the core, and permeates Buddhism and Taoism in it, aiming at philosophically demonstrating the relationship between "justice" and "human desire", standardizing human behavior and maintaining feudal order. The second study is conservative and idealistic, but it also contains dialectical factors. They mentioned it? Quot everything is right "and" everything is opposite because of movement ",acknowledging that things are mutually restrictive, developing and changing. Luoxue laid the foundation of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties and played an important role in the history of China's philosophy. Later, Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan in the Song Dynasty and Wang Yangming in the Ming Dynasty developed Neo-Confucianism in the pioneering direction of Cheng. Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was the theoretical basis and spiritual pillar of China's long feudal society after the Song Dynasty, and Ercheng Luoxue was its first.