Japanese Hot Spring Culture Paper 1 Analysis of Japanese Hot Spring Bathing Culture
Bathing culture is an important part of Japanese culture. Bathing forms in Japan can be roughly divided into three types: family bath, public bath and hot spring bath. Hot spring is a way for Japanese people to relax and have fun, and it is also an important way for people to communicate with each other.
Keywords Japanese culture; Bathing: hot springs; natural environment
First, Japan's natural environment and the history of hot springs
1. Japan's natural environment and hot springs
(1) Japanese climate and hot springs
Japanese people love to take a bath because it has a lot to do with the climate in Japan. Japan is located in the east of the Asian continent, the west of the Pacific Ocean, and the narrow Japanese archipelago in the north and south, between the subtropical zone and the sub-frigid zone. Affected by complex terrain, Japanese warm current, Thousand Island cold current and other factors, the temperature and climate vary greatly from place to place. Except for the temperate monsoon climate in northeastern Japan and Hokkaido, other areas have subtropical monsoon climate, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter. So Japanese people take a bath to cool down or warm up.
(2) Volcanoes and hot springs in Japan
Japan is a world-famous country with many volcanoes and earthquakes. Volcano country? . According to statistics, there are about 270 large and small volcanoes in China, accounting for one tenth of the total number of volcanoes in the world, which is the largest volcanic belt on the earth's surface? An important part of the Pacific Rim volcanic belt. Judging from the geographical distribution characteristics, Japanese volcanoes are widely distributed in China, but relatively concentrated, showing obvious zonality. About 80 Japanese volcanoes are active, accounting for almost 30% of the total number of volcanoes in China. More than two-thirds of them are active or quite active, and there are different degrees of danger. But for the Japanese, volcanoes are not only natural disasters, but also tourism resources, because volcanoes are the main reason for the formation of hot springs, and hot springs are the best gifts for the Japanese. Volcanoes beat Japan? Hot spring country? The reputation of.
And the so-called? Hot springs? According to Japan 1948? Hot spring method? , defined as? Can warm water, mineral water, steam and other gases (excluding natural gas) coming out of the ground be called hot springs where the source temperature of hot springs exceeds 25 degrees or contains a certain amount of hot spring substances? . So, hot springs not only refer to water with high enough temperature, but also contain minerals, even what people usually say? Cold spring? Although the temperature is not high, it is also called in Japan because it contains hot springs. Hot springs? .
2. The history of hot springs
Japanese bath forms can be roughly divided into three types: family bath, public bath and hot spring bath. The history of hot springs is relatively old, and there are detailed descriptions of the emperor's hot springs in historical documents such as "The History of Japan" and "The History of Japan", which shows that the Japanese have long learned to use hot springs. In Nara era, due to the introduction of Buddhism, temples were built everywhere, and the bathing of monks played a great role in promoting the development of hot springs. At that time, people had discovered the therapeutic effect of hot springs. The records of Tangheyuan Hot Springs in Kanagawa Prefecture and Shenshantian Hot Springs in Nagano Prefecture in heian period's Ye Wan Ji show that the hot springs in the east have also been developed. At that time, hot springs were mainly used for leisure, therapy and various religious activities of nobles and monks. At that time, hot springs had a deep connection with religion. After the Yuan Dynasty founded the Kamakura shogunate and moved the capital from Kyoto to Kamakura, hot springs in the East China Sea, Northeast China and Jiaxin began to appear in historical documents, and sick monks set out for treatment in hot springs everywhere. In the Muromachi era, hot springs became places of leisure and entertainment for dignitaries and others, and were not open to the general public. By the time of Antu Taoshan, hot springs had been widely used to treat wounded soldiers, especially in the famous Warring States countries such as Jiazhou, Xinzhou, Takeda Shingen and Sanada Yukimura? Secret soup? . In the modern edo period, because medicine was not very developed, the medical function of hot springs was paid attention to and developed to a great extent. During this period, not only generals and celebrities prevailed in hot spring therapy, but also the general public began to enjoy hot springs.
Second, Japanese bath culture
Bathing in Japan has religious significance: the purity of faith and gratitude to God; It also has health care functions: cleaning, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, treating diseases and healing wounds, and the resulting sense of cleanliness and activation can restore the functions of body organs and maintain health; Bathing is a kind of entertainment and supreme enjoyment, and it is a way and means of communication between people.
1. Hot springs are a form of leisure and entertainment in Japan.
According to relevant data, there are more than 2,600 hot springs and 75,000 hot spring hotels in Japan from north to south. It is reported that about 1. 1 100 million people in Japan use hot springs every year, which is equivalent to the total population of Japan. So, Japan has? Hot spring kingdom? Good name. Hot springs in Japan are not only numerous and varied, but also of high quality. There are famous hot springs almost everywhere. For the Japanese, soaking in hot springs is a kind of enjoyment and an indispensable part of life. When it comes to holidays, family trips with wives, the world of sweet couples, or the sunset glow of the old couple, hot spring hotels of all sizes are crowded. Even some foreign tour groups joined in, making the hot springs more lively.
Xialu, Ma You and Cao Jin are the three major hot springs in Japan. Xialu Hot Spring, located in Xialu City, Gifu County, has been famous all over the world since 10 century, with many tourists. Now the emperor and empress have chosen this place twice for their holidays, which shows their fame. Ma You Hot Spring is the oldest hot spring in Kansai, with a long history, which began at 1300 years ago. Different from ordinary grass-roots entertainment places, Ma You has been a holiday resort of the upper class since the Warring States Period, full of elegant aristocratic atmosphere. It is the most luxurious and expensive hot spring area in Japan. Cao Jin Hot Spring is the hot spring with the largest inflow of Japanese spring water. It has been rated as the first popular hot spring in Japan for several years. Cao Jin Hot Spring is located in Gunma County with a history of 65,438+0,800 years. It is famous for its beautiful natural environment and high curative effect. Since ancient times, it has been a famous hot spring for treating diseases and strengthening the body.
2. Bathing is an important way of communication between people.
According to the explanation of Japanese psychologists:? Humans are born with a desire to return to their mother's womb. Soaking in the bathtub is like soaking in the amniotic fluid in the mother's abdomen, giving them a sense of security and peace of mind. Therefore, they feel liberated from fatigue and feel very happy after taking a bath. ? Group tour, senses, European and American carnival? Are you happy? Different, Japanese? Are you happy? Performance: personality, introversion, introspection, spiritual pursuit? Pure land of bliss? . In this introspection? Are you happy? There is no difference between wearing a gold shirt and wearing a straw coat in the same bath, only the differences endowed by nature to human beings, and they are honest with each other without barriers. Especially in Japan, where men dominate, it is even more commendable to call on men to lower their eyes and face women equally.
? Take a shower together? In Japan, culture is also closely related to education. Parents are the first teachers for children to know men and women. When children are in naked contact with their parents, they will naturally return to their nature, be honest with each other about their hearts and families, and speak their minds without scruple; From the perspective of parents, lower your eyes, face your children, and even listen to questions about sexual organs. The Japanese believe that this can make parents look at them with children's eyes, thus reducing children's lack of will in childhood, such as loneliness and self-confidence. In Sanma's novel Floating World, written at the beginning of the19th century, which reflected the Japanese customs at that time, he thought that bathing was the best shortcut to education in the world. Whether you are a noble gentleman or a commoner, everyone is naked in the shower. Just like when you were born, this kind of naked communication made people forget the high and low, and sublimated to a Buddhist realm without desire or desire. ?
Japanese bathhouses are places to rest and socialize. Therefore, although every Japanese family has its own bathroom, there are still many Japanese who like to go to public bathhouses to wash, in order to find a partner and a speaker.
Or feel the steaming heat, smell the dry towel, listen to the splash and clogs in the shower? Hit, hit, hit? That voice, the voice of talking loudly, the voice of calling a friend, these are the voices they are used to and familiar with. In such an environment, everyone will have a sense of identity, belonging and intimacy, resulting in an interdependent blood relationship. Although we have never met, we can communicate easily and freely. There is no social background, no class difference, no status discrimination here, exactly? Personal? With what? Personal? In Japan, the association is called? Naked chat? .
Third, Japanese hot spring bathing method
There is a buzzword in Japan called? Drink three glasses of wine and take three baths? . Soaking in hot springs is usually once before meals, which can wash away the fatigue of the day. Once before bed, you can have a good sleep, and once the next morning, you can increase your mental strength. The correct way to soak in hot springs is to pay attention to the number of times rather than the length of time. Japanese hot spring bath method is to wash the body with soap at the faucet next to the bath before taking a bath. Generally, there are razors, hair dryers, towels, high-grade massage chairs and other facilities next to the bath. Bath time in hot springs (43℃-45℃) is 5-10 minute, and in hot springs (below 40℃) is 20-30 minutes. After taking a bath, don't scrub off the substances on your body immediately, so as not to reduce the effect of hot spring bath (except those with sensitive skin and easy to get rash). Dry with a dry towel after bathing and rest quietly for 30-60 minutes. Of course, be careful not to catch cold. In addition, because the secretion of gastric juice is inhibited before eating, the heartbeat will be accelerated after eating, which will increase the burden on the heart. Therefore, if you are too hungry or too full, you should not take a bath immediately. You should have a rest.
If Japan's humid geographical climate and tense work structure force the Japanese to take a bath every day to clean their skin and relax their body and mind, then when bathing becomes an important means for Japanese to make friends, coordinate interpersonal relationships and cultivate good parent-child relationships, bathing becomes a unique pleasure and enjoyment for Japanese people, and it also forms a unique and indispensable part of Japanese culture? Bathing culture.
Japanese Hot Spring Culture Part II About Japanese Hot Spring Tourism Culture and Its Development Trend
Abstract: Hot springs are not only a kind of tourism resources, but also the embodiment of a country's culture. Following the development of Japanese hot spring tourism culture, this paper expounds the types and forms of Japanese hot spring tourism and the trend of multi-functional comprehensive development.
Keywords: hot springs; Tourism; Culture; Development; trend
There are many volcanoes in the Japanese archipelago, so the hot spring resources are very rich. Since ancient times, people have used hot springs to resist the cold of nature and warm their bodies and minds. Later, hot springs became a place for social communication and information exchange, and finally gradually evolved into a modern comprehensive hot spring tourism form with relaxed spirit and comfortable heart. Therefore, hot springs are not only a tourist resource, but also a unique form of cultural expression.
Hot spring tourism in Japan has neither famous mountains and rivers, cultural relics and historical sites, nor world heritage culture, nor a long historical theme. The seemingly simple hot spring tourism attracts more than 65.438+0.4 billion tourists every year, which means that Japanese nationals stay in hot spring hotels to wash hot springs at least once a year. In Japan, tourism forms such as entertainment, eating, shopping and recuperation related to hot springs have been refurbished. Hot spring tourism has formed a considerable market. First, the history of Japanese hot spring tourism development
The Japanese began to soak in hot springs, which can be traced back to the rope age in Japan (about 6000 years ago). Hot springs in the edo period were not only a means for people to bathe and relax, but also used to prevent and treat diseases. ? Tomoji? This custom began to spread among the people. During the slack season, people gather in hot springs to relieve fatigue by soaking in hot springs. While visiting the shrine, you can travel all over the country and stay in hotels with hot springs. At that time, simple accommodation with hot springs was the embryonic form of hot spring hotels.
Japanese people have established deep feelings with hot springs for generations. However, after the founding of Meiji, because of advocating western culture, there was a trend of thinking that rejected traditional culture, and spa treatment was once regarded as a fantasy and unscientific habit. Especially in the 1940s of Showa (starting from 1965), Japan set off an upsurge of group tourism, and both cities and remote mountain villages vigorously developed hot springs and built large hot spring hotels and grand banquet halls.
It can be said that hot spring tourism originated from a simple form, which gradually evolved into a kind of sightseeing, and further developed into a variety of tourism forms such as visiting shrines and welcoming banquets.
Second, the types and forms of hot springs.
As the name implies, hot springs are warm water gushing from underground, but not all warm water can become hot springs. In the past, it was thought that the temperature of sprayed water was higher than the local average temperature, which could be called hot springs. However, due to the different temperatures in different places, such as Hokkaido and Kyushu, the temperature difference is very large, so according to the definition of temperature in hot springs, the shortcomings of different spring temperatures have appeared and are no longer used. At present, the definition of hot springs is that the temperature of warm water ejected from the ground is above 25 degrees, or the water source with a certain composition is defined as a hot spring.
Japan is a country with many volcanoes and earthquakes, so there are many kinds of hot springs. Hot springs can be divided into spring springs, autumn springs and cold springs with the change of seasons. According to the composition, it can also be divided into simple springs, salt springs, carbonated springs and sulfur springs. According to the way of bathing, it can be divided into steam bath, sand spring bath and mud spring bath. According to the common types, it can be divided into convalescent hot springs, open-air hot springs and mixed bath hot springs.
The so-called recuperation hot spring refers to the comprehensive effect of physical and mental fatigue and troubles accumulated in daily life through repeated bathing and physical therapy such as climate, environment, exercise and diet in the hot spring area to achieve the purpose of treating chronic diseases.
As the name implies, an open-air hot spring is a bathing place exposed to nature. Designers have spent a lot of brains on the construction of open-air hot springs. According to the topography and natural environment, the open-air hot springs are decorated with their own characteristics, and at the same time, pay attention to shelter, without worrying about being peeped. Some open-air hot springs are built in the green world, which combines bathing and enjoying nature. People in the open-air hot springs can overlook the continuous peaks and dense forests around them, which is refreshing.
Thirdly, the multifunctional comprehensive development of Japanese hot spring tourism.
Hot spring tourism is a major domestic tourism project in Japan. Now hot spring tourism is also changing. As long as there are hot spring facilities, there is no need to worry about the days when tourists are gone forever. The business model of gathering a large number of tourists and consuming a lot led by travel agencies is out of date, but how to adapt to the new tourism concept and meet the needs of individual and foreign tourists.
(A) planning and development of comprehensive tourism commodities
The main purpose of hot spring tourism is to relieve fatigue by soaking in hot springs. However, in order to make hot spring tourism last forever, we must inject new tourism concepts. Hot spring tourism is incomplete if it is just soaking in hot springs. There must be comprehensive tourism commodity development and planning. There are three major factors in its commodity composition, namely, transportation, hot springs and seasons. The first is traffic. Hot spring tours are mostly one-day tours or two or three-day tours. For one-day tours, groups often take buses or use city light rail trams; Individuals or families are mostly private cars. The second is the characteristics of hot springs. Travel agencies introduce tourists as much as possible, such as the history of hot springs and related legends, the composition of spring water, facilities, food content and so on. Visitors can choose hot springs, open-air baths, fitness and beauty functions and special meals according to their hobbies. Visitors can also order food according to their own tastes and different price points. The third is seasonality.
(B) the combination of hot springs and health care
This multifunctional management method, which combines hot springs, medical theory and sports physiology, adds new content to the hot spring custom. Under the guidance of this management concept, a new hot spring resort integrating hot spring tourism, modern medicine and sports physiology came into being. Maintenance hall? . The effective combination of tourism and fitness not only adds new interest to tourism, but also opens up new ways for health care. Multifunctional comprehensive development also provides a broad world for local economic development.
(three) the establishment of hot spring commercial street.
Most of the hot springs are located in the mountains surrounded by green, attracting an endless stream of tourists. In recent years, with the development of railway and expressway, famous hot springs have become tourist attractions.
Japan's hot spring management is facing changes. In order to meet the needs of individual travelers, the vitality of regional streets is an indispensable condition. In particular, it is necessary to build a beautiful and safe street view, so that tourists can stroll on the streets with small bridges and flowing water after bathing and enjoy the elegant street view. It is the mission of hot springs to make them feel at home, and it is also a service for tourists.
For tourists, hot springs are not only places for bathing, but also places for entertainment and tourism consumption. Therefore, the prosperity of the street where the hot spring hotel is located is an indispensable prerequisite. After bathing, walking in the quiet and beautiful streets, enjoying the local customs and local products have become the charm of hot spring tourist destinations.
The innovation and development of hot springs and local culture is not only the development of street landscape, but also a deep, internal and similar common thing in history and life. These are all sightseeing in life, which can make tourists have the impulse to revisit their old places and even want to live here. Only in this way can we adapt to modern tourism psychology and ideas.
With the development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, hot spring tourism has become a popular form of tourism. The construction experience of Japanese hot spring tourism is worth learning. China is rich in hot spring tourism resources. Multi-ethnic culture, unique regional culture and local culture different from modern urban culture can all develop into inexhaustible tourism resources.
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