With the rapid development of China's economy, people pay more and more attention to environmental problems. Economic development not only provides people with unprecedented material civilization and spiritual enjoyment, but also brings great pressure to the natural environment. Environment is the most basic condition for our human existence. If we destroy the environment, it is equivalent to destroying our living conditions. Environment is the material basis for human survival and development. Man and the environment are as inseparable as fish and water. Environment creates human beings, and human beings depend on the environment, are influenced by the environment and constantly adapt to the environment; Human beings constantly transform the environment through their own production activities, making people and nature more harmonious. Living environment is of great significance to human survival and health, and a suitable living environment can promote human health and longevity. On the contrary, if all kinds of harmful substances produced in human production and life activities are not handled properly, they will destroy the environment, not only endanger human health, but even cause short-term and long-term harm to human health and threaten future generations. In other words, serious environmental pollution will cause ecological crisis and human disaster.
At present, there are 10 major environmental problems in the world, including: 1, soil destruction 2, climate change and energy waste, greenhouse effect seriously threatening all mankind 3, biodiversity reduction 4, forest area reduction 5, freshwater resources threatened 6, chemical pollution 7, chaotic urbanization 8, ocean overexploitation and coastal pollution 9, and air pollution 10. Many of these problems have different manifestations in our country. At present, China's environmental problems are mainly manifested as follows: pollutant emissions are still quite large, far higher than the self-purification ability of the environment; The task of industrial pollution control is still quite heavy, and the proportion of urban domestic pollution has increased significantly in some places. Agricultural water quality and soil pollution are increasingly prominent in many areas, and harmful residues of agricultural and sideline products in some places exceed the standard, which affects human health and product export; Soil erosion and desertification are still increasing in some areas, and so on. At present, the environmental situation in China is rather grim, which is not optimistic. There are even signs of deterioration in some places.
In North China, air pollution is particularly serious. Environmental pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and digestive tract, but also through the skin. Gaseous pollutants generally enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Because the structure of different parts of the respiratory tract is different, the absorption rate of pollutants is also different. The alveolar area of the human body is 90 square meters, and the poison is absorbed by the lungs very quickly, second only to intravenous injection. The diameter of pollutants entering alveoli is generally less than 3? M, and the diameter is greater than 10? M, most of which adhere to respiratory tract, trachea and bronchial mucosa. Gaseous substances with high water solubility, such as chlorine and sulfur dioxide, are often dissolved by the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and stimulate the upper respiratory tract, and rarely enter the alveoli; Most gaseous poisons (such as nitrogen dioxide, etc. ) has less water solubility and can reach alveoli. After pollutants enter the human body, they are transported to various tissues of the human body through blood.
These poisons are hidden in tissues for a long time and can be enriched in tissues, posing potential dangers to the body. Except for a few pollutants with strong water solubility and extremely small relative molecular weight, most of them have to undergo metabolism or transformation by some enzymes, thus changing their toxicity, enhancing their water solubility and being easy to excrete. Although the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and other organs of the human body have a certain biotransformation effect on pollutants. After biotransformation in the body, various pollutants can be excreted through the kidneys, digestive tract and respiratory tract, a small amount can be excreted through sweat, milk, saliva and other secretions, and some can reach the hair through skin metabolism and leave the body. However, the endurance of the body is very limited. If it exceeds a certain limit, the human body will have poisoning symptoms and even death. The main factors affecting the effects of environmental pollutants on human body are dose, action time, reaction conditions and individual sensitivity. Generally speaking, the critical concentration and critical time of different pollutants are different, and only when the accumulation of environmental pollutants in the body reaches the poisoning threshold will it cause harm. At present, the air quality in North China is not optimistic, and people have been breathing polluted air. If this continues, it will do great harm to the human body sooner or later.
It is precisely because of various similar phenomena that medical research has found that the enrichment and amplification of toxic substances by the human body is amazing. World-famous public hazards include mercury poisoning in Shuihou county, Japan, pain in Toyama county, pesticide pollution and so on. The research shows that the discharge of wastewater, waste gas and waste residue from industrial factories and mines into the environment causes environmental cadmium pollution, which makes the cadmium content of crops such as rice planted by local residents exceed the standard. Residents eat cadmium-contaminated grains and vegetables for a long time, which leads to a gradual increase in cadmium load in the body, and the biological half-life of cadmium in the body is as long as 10. The continuous accumulation of cadmium can cause various pathological changes of contacts. Acute or long-term inhalation of cadmium-containing smoke and dust can cause lung inflammation, bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis and even lung cancer. Long-term low-dose exposure to cadmium pollution mainly produces renal lesions, which are characterized by decreased renal tubular absorption function and increased low molecular weight protein content in urine. When cadmium is poisoned, the absorption rate of calcium and phosphorus in kidney decreases and the metabolism of vitamin D is abnormal. In the long run, it may lead to osteoporosis or osteomalacia in people exposed to cadmium. Cadmium can also cause tumors in the lungs, prostate and testicles. This is all due to the enlargement of the food chain and the enrichment of organisms. Newton, a famous physicist, died in 1692 due to severe insomnia, indigestion, forgetfulness, anxiety and delusion. 100 years later, people analyzed the hair samples of this great physicist and found that Newton died of lead, arsenic and cadmium poisoning. These elements were all used in Newton's alchemy experiments with metals? Pandora's box? Used up. Newton never imagined that his body absorbed his alchemy element and died.
Let's look at some United Nations statistics. A book published by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank 1998 to 1999- World Resources Report. It is pointed out in the report that a quarter of the diseases on the earth are related to environmental factors. In other words, not all diseases are caused by viruses. There are viruses or genetic factors, and at least a quarter of them are related to environmental changes. Because of environmental pollution, according to their statistics, there are1/kloc-0 million children in the world who can't live to be five years old. In addition, acute respiratory infections caused by air pollution kill 4 million children every year. This kind of data is already very serious. Various studies at home and abroad show that about 80% to 90% of high-risk diseases on the earth are caused by serious environmental pollution. High-risk diseases mainly include cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. These three diseases are collectively called high-risk diseases. Statistics from China show that one person dies of cardiovascular disease every 13 seconds; In China, more than 30,000 people die of cancer every year in Taiwan Province Province, and 654.38+0.30 million people die of cancer every year in Chinese mainland. Since 654.38+0.997, cancer has become the first cause of death in China.
In order to improve this situation, as an ordinary citizen, we must always be aware of the severe test faced by the environment, so we must also take some practical actions to protect the environment in our daily life. Only when everyone does his duty can we purify our home. We don't need anything amazing, we just need to start from our own side and our daily life. For example:
1. Adjust the air conditioning temperature below 18 degrees in winter. If you feel a little cold, you can put on more clothes. Such a simple measure can save electricity, thus reducing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide emitted by coal-fired power generation and slowing down climate warming.
2. Replace the ordinary light bulbs at home with energy-saving ones. Do you want to buy them? National energy-saving product certification? Are the products you can pass printed or not printed? Festival? Word symbols to judge. Under the same luminous flux, energy-saving lamps save 80% electricity compared with incandescent lamps, and the cost of purchasing energy-saving lamps can be recovered from (8 ~ 10) months of energy saving.
3. In the garbage, about 50% is biological organic matter, and about 30%? 40% has recycling value. Garbage classification, no littering, recycling and good reproducibility.
4. All kinds of electrical appliances at home and office, such as TV sets and computers, should be turned off when not in use. Turning off the power can not only save your electricity bill, but also protect the environment. In recent years, the earth's environment is deteriorating day by day: global warming, hurricanes, rainstorms and other disastrous weather occur frequently. Sars? Infectious diseases such as bird flu occur from time to time, which brings serious threats and inconvenience to human life and work. These are people constantly? Hurt? The result of the earth. Large areas of forests have been cut down, green hills have been dug up, beautiful grasslands have become deserts, and clear rivers have become turbid. Less forests, bare green hills, bare grasslands and dark water make people's living environment worse, the air they breathe worse, and the living environment is destroyed by many harmful things? Misappropriation of public funds? Viruses will take the opportunity to enter people's bodies, and we humans will suffer from some terrible diseases.
When you are walking in the street, what will you do if you want to spit? If you choose to throw up on the ground, have you thought about it? Are you hurting yourself? A mouthful of phlegm contains a lot of germs, which will multiply and infect in sunny days. Similarly, when you cut down trees, when you dig up a piece of grass, when you dump soil into the river, don't you think it's destroying the environment? Hurt? By yourself? As the saying goes: predecessors planted trees, and later generations enjoyed the cool? Our predecessors gave us large areas of forests and green spaces. What have we left for future generations? Whether it is a bare desert or a dense forest, we must choose a dense forest. What is there to hesitate about? Let's protect the environment, care for the environment, green the environment, improve our living environment and create a better future!
Environment refers to the external world with us as the main body, which is the material basis for human survival and development, including not only the natural environment, daily life, study and work environment, but also the scientific allocation and use of modern daily necessities. Man and the environment are as inseparable as fish and water. Environment creates human beings, and human beings depend on the environment, are influenced by the environment and constantly adapt to the environment; Human beings constantly transform the environment through their own production activities, making people and nature more harmonious.
Living environment is of great significance to human survival and health, and a suitable living environment can promote human health and longevity. On the contrary, if all kinds of harmful substances produced in human production and life activities are not handled properly, they will destroy the environment, not only endanger human health, but even cause short-term and long-term harm to human health and threaten future generations. In other words, serious environmental pollution will cause ecological crisis and human disaster. Epidemiological studies have proved that 70% ~ 90% of human diseases are related to the environment. If human beings want to live a long and healthy life, they must establish and maintain a harmonious relationship with the external environment. A good geographical environment is not only a reliable guarantee for human material life, but also an indispensable condition for human health. Since ancient times, monks' temples or royal palaces have been built in quiet Yamanoue with lush trees, or on islands surrounded by blue waters, which shows that people's choice of health-preserving geographical environment has already reached a quite high level. At present, in the city, we afforest and beautify the living environment, so that it can achieve a good living environment, which is conducive to health preservation. Create a living environment surrounded by trees, lush and full of flowers. Such an environment can make residents feel relaxed and happy, immerse themselves in the simplicity and beauty of nature, and add infinite fun to life, so as to achieve the purpose of keeping fit and prolonging life.
However, with the rapid development of economy, our environment is getting worse and worse. Environmental pollution has attracted more and more attention.
Environmental pollution not only affects the sustainable development of China's social economy, but also affects the safety, health and quality of life of the people, which has attracted more and more attention. Only through the joint efforts of the whole society, effectively control environmental pollution and continuously improve environmental quality can we breathe clean air, drink safe water, eat safe food and have a safe working and living environment.
The foundation of human health is the living environment of human beings. Only a stable and sustainable ecosystem with rich biodiversity can ensure the stable and sustainable development of human health, and environmental pollution is the enemy of human health. The closest relationship between life and the environment is that life uses the elements in the environment to build itself.
Environmental pollutants affecting human health mainly come from waste water, waste gas and waste residue formed in industrial production process, including urban garbage. Environmental pollutants have the characteristics of affecting human health. First, the impact range is wide, because all pollutants will flow with biogeochemical cycles, which will have an impact on all contacts; Second, the action time is long, because many toxic substances degrade slowly in the environment and in the human body.
Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also cause indirect harm to the ecosystem and human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing environmental pollution such as premature birth or malformation of fetus. It refers to the phenomenon that human beings directly or indirectly discharge substances or energy that exceed their self-purification ability to the environment, thus reducing the quality of the environment and adversely affecting human survival and development, ecosystems and property. Specifically, it includes water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and radioactive pollution. Water pollution refers to the change of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive pollution characteristics of water body due to the intervention of some substances, which affects the effective use of water, harms human health or destroys the ecological environment, and leads to the deterioration of water quality. Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that the concentration of pollutants in the air reaches a harmful level, which destroys the ecological system and the conditions for the normal survival and development of human beings and causes harm to people and creatures. Noise pollution refers to the phenomenon that the environmental noise generated exceeds the national environmental noise emission standard and interferes with the normal work, study and life of others. Radioactive pollution refers to the appearance of radioactive substances or rays exceeding the national standards on the surface or inside of substances, people, places and environmental media due to human activities.
There are many examples of environmental pollution, taking the London fog and haze incident in air pollution as an example. As follows:
1952 65438+February 5 ~ 8, the soot incident in London, England, killed 4000 people. People call the smoke of this disaster "the smoke of killing". According to the analysis, this is because there was no wind and fog in London, and the smoke and dust generated by factory chimneys and residents' heating permeated the urban area of London for a long time. The highest concentration of smoke and dust reaches 4.46 mg/m, and the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide reaches 3.83 ml/m. Sulfuric acid droplets generated by chemical reaction of sulfur dioxide attach to smoke or condense on fog droplets, which enter organs with breathing, making people sick or accelerating the death of patients with chronic diseases.
There are many similar strengths, from well-known public hazards to events in our daily life. Every example of environmental pollution can be said to be a wake-up call from nature to mankind. In order to protect the ecological environment and maintain the health of human beings and future generations, we must actively prevent and control environmental pollution. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, every citizen must strive to enhance environmental awareness: on the one hand, we must clearly realize that human beings often pollute and destroy the ecological environment in the process of developing and utilizing natural resources; On the other hand, we should turn this understanding into our own practical actions? Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility? Take an active part in various environmental protection activities and consciously cultivate environmental protection ethics.
As a student of mechanical and electrical specialty, the relationship between mechanical and electrical specialty and environment is discussed as follows.
The electromechanical industry consists of mechanical industry and some industries in electronic information industry, including general machinery manufacturing, professional equipment manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, instruments and other measuring instruments manufacturing, household appliances manufacturing, etc. It is the pillar industry of China's famous economy, providing all departments of the famous economy with applicable advanced technology and equipment.
At the same time, the electromechanical manufacturing industry not only consumes a lot of energy, materials and pollution, but also electromechanical products themselves are important carriers of energy consumption and pollution discharge. Electronic waste formed after mechanical and electrical products are scrapped has become an environmental problem that puzzles the whole world. With the arrival of the peak of household appliances scrapping in China, a large amount of electronic waste is bringing new pressure to the urban environment. Improper disposal of these electronic wastes will do great harm to the environment. For example, TV picture tubes contain explosive waste, and TV screens contain mercury; Refrigerator refrigerants and foaming agents will destroy the ozone layer; Waste computers are more serious. More than 50% of the 700 chemical raw materials needed by a computer are harmful to human body. Some data show that the cathode ray tube in every computer monitor contains a lot of lead, and once lead enters the soil, it will seriously pollute the water source, eventually endangering human beings, plants and microorganisms, and will also have a great impact on children's brain development.
As a pillar industry of the national economy, the mechanical and electrical products manufacturing industry has made important contributions to China's economic development and played a decisive role in environmental protection. The electromechanical industry is an important source of pollution. Solving the environmental problems of electromechanical industry can reduce the environmental burden of the country. At the same time, with the improvement of national environmental protection laws and policies, it is imperative to solve its environmental problems from the perspective of the electromechanical industry itself.
In a word, only by solving the problems related to the environment can human health be guaranteed. Environmental problems are not only studied by environmental professionals, they exist in all walks of life and need everyone's efforts.
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