1, wonton
In Beijing, there is a proverb called "Solstice wonton in winter and Solstice noodle in summer". In the past, there was a saying in Beijing that wonton was eaten on the solstice in winter. Wonton, a kind of food symbolizing reunion, is the first choice on the table from winter to Sunday. Wonton has many names, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang Wonton, Guangdong Wonton, Hubei Noodle, Jiangxi Clear Soup, Sichuan Wonton, Xinjiang Ququ and so on.
Then how do you eat wonton on the solstice in winter? According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders, Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe, which were very cruel. The people hated it, so they wrapped it into a corner with meat stuffing and called it "wonton" with the sound of "muddy" and "swallowing". I hate eating, and I want to quell the war and live a peaceful life. Because wonton was originally made on the solstice in winter, every household in Beijing eats wonton on the solstice in winter.
2. jiaozi
During the winter solstice of the 24th solar terms of the lunar calendar, people in northern China have the custom of eating jiaozi. There are many legends about eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter, the most mainstream one is from Zhang Zhongjing.
According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a doctor from Nanyang, was an official in Changsha. When he retired in his later years, it was a snowy winter and the wind was biting. He was very sad to see that many villagers' ears were frozen, so he asked his disciples to set up a medicine shed in Guandong, Nanyang, and put mutton, peppers and some herbs for removing cold in a pot, fished them out and chopped them up, imaged their ears with leather bags, and then cooked them in a pot to make a medicine called "soup for removing cold and correcting ears" for the people to eat. After eating it, the villagers' ears will be fine. Later generations learned to "correct ears" and package them into food, also called "jiaozi" or "flat food".
3. Mutton
At the beginning of winter solstice, people count to nine from this day. For ordinary people, the solstice in winter is nothing more than eating. In the north, there is a custom of eating mutton from winter to Sunday, because the weather enters the coldest period from winter to the future, and eating a pot of stewed mutton at this time has the dual effects of keeping out the cold and nourishing.
Mutton is warm, which can resist cold and tonify the body. It can be used for treating wind-cold asthma, impotence due to kidney deficiency, deficiency of both qi and blood, soreness of waist and knees, cold limbs and abdominal pain, and sallow complexion and emaciation. In winter, the human body has yang hidden in it, and kidney yang is insufficient, which is prone to cold hands and feet, dull complexion, weakness and other symptoms, while mutton is sweet but not greasy, warm but not dry, and has always been regarded as a good product for nourishing yang. Proper diet in winter can effectively alleviate the above symptoms.
4. Dog meat
Many places in the north have the custom of eating dog meat in winter solstice. It is said that the custom of eating dog meat on the solstice began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate dog meat cooked by Fan Kuai on the solstice in winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating dog meat from winter solstice has been formed among the people. Nowadays, people eat dog meat, mutton and all kinds of nutritious food on the solstice of winter, which is a good sign for the coming year.
Some people with weak constitution and arthritis are good at eating more dog meat in severe winter. But it is not advisable to eat dog meat blindly, so as not to get rabies after eating rabies meat. Dog meat is a hot food and should not be eaten too much at a time. Anyone suffering from cough, cold, fever, diarrhea, yin deficiency and excessive fire is not suitable for eating.
What should we pay attention to in winter solstice health care?
1, Daily life: Matters needing attention in daily life from winter to Sunday.
Winter solstice is the most important solar term in health preservation, mainly because "winter solstice is born by the sun". Slight cold and severe cold are the coldest seasons in winter solstice. People with heart disease and high blood pressure often get worse, and the number of people suffering from "stroke" increases, and it is easy to get frostbite in cold weather.
Therefore, in the cold winter, patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease should be especially alert to prevent attacks and take the following preventive measures:
Pay attention to cold and warmth. When the temperature drops below 0℃, clothes should be added in time. Clothes and trousers should be warm, soft and loose, and should not be worn too tightly to facilitate blood flow.
Adjust your diet and daily life reasonably, and don't drink, smoke or overwork.
Keep a good mood, be stable and happy, and avoid anger, impatience and depression.
Take proper exercise to keep out the cold, such as washing your face with cold water at ordinary times, to improve your adaptability and cold tolerance.
Observe and pay attention to the changes of the disease at any time, go to the hospital for regular examination, take necessary drugs, control the development of the disease, and nip in the bud.
2, dietary supplements: winter solstice supplements.
Don't eat too spicy food on the solstice of winter. Eating too spicy can only lead to the accumulation of internal heat, which will persist. Overeating mutton, dog meat and other fat and sweet flavors can easily lead to indigestion and dampness and phlegm. In the north, while supplementing hot food, we should also eat some foods that supplement body fluids, such as water chestnut, lotus root, pear, radish and cabbage. "It's really a three-point poison", and food supplement is the safest.
3, mental outlook: winter solstice health care pays attention to "winter storage", focusing on nourishing the heart.
The winter solstice is the year with the shortest day and the longest night in the northern hemisphere. After the solstice in winter, the days will get longer day by day. After the winter solstice, the climate everywhere has entered the coldest stage, which is what people often say. There is a folk saying in China that "it's cold in March and hot in dog days".
With the arrival of this solar term, all activities tend to stop. In hibernation, you can conserve your strength and prepare for the coming spring. Just as "in winter, heaven and earth are closed, blood is hidden, and people can't sweat out yang." Therefore, going to bed early and getting up late, and doing it at sunrise, to ensure adequate sleep, is conducive to hiding yang and yin and essence. Don't sweat a lot.
Health care should also be based on nourishing the heart. Before keeping in good health, we should cultivate a kind and generous heart, and have no worries at heart. Keep the spirit open and optimistic, don't worry about trifles, don't force fame and fortune, and don't suffer from loss. Children should be caring and attentive to the elderly, so that the elderly can get spiritual maintenance.
Daily health care: Pay attention to acupoints in winter solstice.
The solstice in winter is the natural transformation of yin and yang. Moxibustion at Shenque is the best time to stimulate the rise of human yang.
In the four days around the winter solstice, plus nine days from the winter solstice, you can use moxa sticks to moxibustion Shenque point for health preservation. After burning the moxa stick, take the navel as the center and smoke around it. Be careful not to burn your skin, as long as you feel warm. Once a day, each time 15-20 minutes.
Shenque point is the foundation of the internal organs. It's the place where the pulse of Ren and Chong follow, the root of Qi returning to Tibet, and the key point connecting congenital and acquired. Moxibustion at Shenque point can tonify qi and strengthen yang, warm kidney and strengthen spleen, dispel wind and remove dampness, warm yang and save inverse, warm meridians and regulate qi and blood, which is very beneficial to the body and even makes people sick in the second year.
Disease prevention: pay attention to "looking up" from winter to Sunday, and it is early to prevent and control the influenza A epidemic.
Influenza virus is surprisingly contagious, and it can be caused by directly inhaling the virus in the air or bringing the virus into the respiratory tract by hand. Therefore, to prevent influenza, we must first cut off the transmission route of influenza virus, such as finding and isolating influenza patients in time and going to crowded places less; Second, we should strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to rest and supplement vitamin C in our daily life. Third, it is necessary to vaccinate against influenza in advance if conditions permit; Fourth, you can take some effective flu preventive drugs at ordinary times.
Characteristics of winter solstice weather change
Short sunshine time
From winter to around, although the northern hemisphere has the shortest sunshine time and receives the least amount of solar radiation, the accumulated heat on the ground in summer can also provide some supplement, so the temperature is not the lowest at this time. "After eating the winter solstice dinner, the days get longer." After the winter solstice, the days get longer and longer. However, the solar radiation obtained on the ground is still less than the heat lost by the ground radiation, so the temperature will continue to drop in the short term. In China, except for a few islands and coastal areas, 1 is the coldest month, so there is a folk saying that winter solstice is not too cold, and astronomy also stipulates that winter solstice is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere.
Astronomy regards the winter solstice as the beginning of winter, which is obviously late for most parts of China. The solstice in winter is the shortest day in a year. From winter to the future, the direct point of the sun gradually moves northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually become longer and the nights gradually become shorter.
The temperature is low and the climate is cold.
Climatically, during the winter solstice, the average temperature in the northwest plateau is generally below 0℃, and the southern region is only about 6℃ to 8℃. In addition, the winter solstice begins to count to nine, and the winter solstice becomes the first day to count to nine. As for "counting nine", there is a folk song that says: "Don't do it in September, walk on the ice in March and April, watch the willows along the river in May and June, and open the river in July and September. _ Yanlai, and add cattle in September and September, and go everywhere. " However, in the southwest low-altitude valley area, even in the coldest local165438+ in early October, the average temperature is still above 10℃. It can be said that autumn goes and spring comes, and there is no winter all year round.
In winter solstice, different places have different customs, and most places in northern China have the custom of eating jiaozi in winter solstice. After thousands of years of development, a unique seasonal diet culture has been formed from winter solstice to Sunday. Eating jiaozi has become the winter solstice custom of most people in China. Of course, there are exceptions, such as the custom of drinking mutton soup from winter solstice in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, which means driving away the cold.
What traditional food do you eat on the solstice in winter? 2 Tangyuan
Eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter is more popular in Jiangnan. The materials commonly used to make glutinous rice balls, such as glutinous rice, sesame seeds and red beans, are also warm and have a good spleen-strengthening effect. When the spleen and stomach are healthy, dietary nutrition will be absorbed and utilized by the body, improving the cold resistance of the body and preventing diseases. Best for winter.
Chinese dumpling
Eating jiaozi on the winter solstice won't freeze your ears. This statement comes from the medical sage Zhang Zhongjing. He saw people's ears were frozen in the cold, so he cooked bread and made it into Joule soup to treat people's ears. Today, eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter is no longer to cure frozen ears, but a reasonable combination of noodles, vegetables and meat, making jiaozi a delicious food with comprehensive nutrition and easy digestion and absorption. Jiaozi can be stuffed with mutton, Chinese cabbage, green onions, leeks and radishes. These dishes are warm and have a certain warming effect on the human body.
eight treasure congee
Hot eight-treasure porridge is very suitable for a warm diet in winter. Chinese medicine believes that eating porridge can strengthen the spleen and warm the stomach, and it has a certain effect of nourishing yin, just against the characteristics of dryness in winter. In order to keep out the cold, you can choose warm or mild foods that can strengthen the spleen and stomach, such as coix seed, jujube, walnut, peanut, chicken, mutton, glutinous rice, longan, yam, tremella and so on. We might as well be creative and mix these ingredients into delicious porridge, such as mutton porridge, chicken porridge, jujube glutinous rice porridge, yam millet porridge, jujube tremella porridge and rice porridge.
Small carrot
There is a folk proverb: "Radish on the winter solstice and ginger on the summer solstice, it doesn't hurt to eat at the right time." He added: "Radish is more delicious than ginseng in winter. Therefore, eating radish in winter solstice is the most nourishing. The night from winter to Sunday is just suitable for stewing a pot of hot radish sparerib soup, supplementing nutrition, nourishing the body and enhancing the cold resistance.
wonton
There is a saying in old Beijing that "winter solstice wonton, summer solstice noodles". "Yanjing Years Old" says: "The shape of husband's wonton is like a chicken egg, which is quite like the chaos of heaven and earth, so it is eaten from winter to the sun. In addition to similar shapes, "wonton" is also homophonic with "chaos". Eating wonton in winter is beneficial to the storage of heat energy in cold season.
mutton
Many places in the north have the custom of eating dog meat and mutton from winter solstice. Chinese medicine believes that mutton and dog meat have the function of strengthening yang and tonifying deficiency. In fact, in Jiangnan, Suzhou people began to make up for it from the solstice of winter, and they ate the famous mutton collected by Wuzhong.
Mutton is sweet and warm, and has the function of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang. It has always been a good aphrodisiac and one of the important foods for tonic in winter. Mutton has higher calories than beef, and its iron content is six times that of pork, which has a significant effect on hematopoiesis. Eating mutton often in winter can replenish qi and deficiency, enrich blood and help yang, promote blood circulation and enhance the ability to keep out the cold.
However, mutton is a hot product, and it is not suitable for those who have symptoms such as fever, toothache, sores on the mouth and tongue, and yellow phlegm. Suffering from liver disease, hypertension, acute enteritis or other infectious diseases, it is not suitable for eating during fever.
How to stay healthy during the winter solstice;
Acupuncture dredging points
The solstice in winter is the natural transformation of yin and yang. Moxibustion at Shenque is the best time to stimulate the rise of human yang.
In the four days around the winter solstice, plus nine days from the winter solstice, you can use moxa sticks to moxibustion Shenque point for health preservation. After burning the moxa stick, take the navel as the center and smoke around it. Be careful not to burn your skin, as long as you feel warm. Once a day, each time 15-20 minutes.
Shenque point is the foundation of the internal organs. It's the place where the pulse of Ren and Chong follow, the root of Qi returning to Tibet, and the key point connecting congenital and acquired. Moxibustion at Shenque point can tonify qi and strengthen yang, warm kidney and strengthen spleen, dispel wind and remove dampness, warm yang and save inverse, warm meridians and regulate qi and blood, which is very beneficial to the body and even makes people sick in the second year.
Escape from life.
Winter solstice is one of the most important solar terms in health preservation, mainly because "winter solstice is a sunny day" and winter solstice is the coldest season with slight cold and severe cold. People with heart disease and high blood pressure often get worse, and the number of people suffering from "stroke" increases, and it is easy to get frostbite in cold weather.
Therefore, in the cold winter, patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease should be especially vigilant to guard against attacks and take the following preventive measures.
1. Pay attention to cold and warmth. When the temperature drops below 0℃, clothes should be added in time. Clothes and trousers should be warm, soft and loose, and should not be worn too tightly to facilitate blood flow.
2. Reasonable adjustment of diet and daily life, no drinking, no smoking and no overwork.
3. Keep a good mood, be stable and happy, and avoid anger, impatience and depression.
4. Take appropriate cold-proof exercises, such as washing your face with cold water at ordinary times to improve your body's adaptability to cold and cold tolerance.
5. Observe and pay attention to the changes of the disease at any time, go to the hospital for regular examination, take necessary drugs, control the development of the disease, and nip in the bud.
Pay attention to hypothermia in the elderly in severe winter. Hypothermia is defined as 35℃, and below 35℃ is hypothermia. Because the elderly may have no discomfort and pain after hypothermia, they are often easily overlooked. Elderly patients with hypothermia have no obvious symptoms even if they are life-threatening. Such patients generally do not have chills, but if they are not treated in time, they will be delirious. The language is unclear, and then coma, body temperature immediately dropped below 30℃. At this time, the patient's pulse and breathing are very small, blood pressure plummeted, facial edema, muscle hardening, and skin feeling cold. Therefore, in the cold winter, the elderly should take measures to prevent cold and keep warm in their rooms.
What traditional food to eat on the solstice in winter;
North: Want to eat jiaozi?
In the north of China, there is a saying that "winter solstice jiaozi, summer solstice noodles". Why eat jiaozi on this day? Jiaozi, formerly known as Joule, is said to have been invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a doctor in China, with a history of 1800 years.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor, saw that many poor people were hungry and cold, and their ears were frozen and rotten, so he invented the soup for removing cold pepper ears, which was cooked in a pot with mutton, pepper and some herbs for removing cold, and then these things were taken out and boiled, chopped up, and the noodles were wrapped into ear-shaped "pepper ears". After cooking, give it to the patients, 20 cents each and a bowl of soup. After eating Quhan decoction, people feel feverish all over, their qi and blood flow smoothly, and their ears get warmer. The patient's rotten ears will be cured in a short time.
Shanxi: Most of them are wonton or jiaozi.
The folk food from winter solstice in Shaanxi is mainly wonton or jiaozi. Usually, mutton is used as stuffing, which means "Yang Sheng". Dumpling stuffing is made of sheep grazing in the village, with more than ten kinds of aromatic drugs and seasonings, such as cinnamon, galangal, cinnamon and cardamom. Mix well with shredded zucchini, wrap in a cage and steam for 15 minutes. Dumplings are thin and tender. Take a sip of water when you eat them. Pills made of aged vinegar are fresh but not greasy, and have the effects of invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite and dispelling cold.
In Linfen, Xiangfen and other places in Shanxi, the winter solstice still follows the ancient method of eating wonton, regardless of the mountainous area. In the old days, rich people sought novelty, each with more than ten colors, which was called "Baiwei Wonton". Prosperous boiled rape root rice soup in southern Shanxi.
Besides wonton and jiaozi, there are also some places in Shanxi to eat cakes, such as oil cakes in Heshun, millet cakes in Lingshi, "making winter" in Pinglu, and chicken with vegetarian cakes in mutton soup.
Oil residue cake
Datong pays attention to eating stewed meat, and there is a folk proverb called "If you don't eat meat on the solstice in winter, your toes will rot". Hequ has the custom of "worshipping winter", eating and entertaining, with mutton soup and mutton stuffed with red dates, which means "the legacy of bright wine". In Yangcheng area in the southeast of Shanxi, you ate winter melon porridge stewed with old beigua and millet.
Suzhou people: I remember the beauty when I eat wonton.
Suzhou was the capital of the State of Wu 2,500 years ago. The ancestor of the State of Wu was a descendant of King Tai of Zhou. He inherited the calendar of the Zhou Dynasty and started the year from winter to Sunday. Up to now, the ancient city of Suzhou still has the custom of "the winter solstice is as big as a year".
In winter solstice, Suzhou people also have the custom of eating wonton. According to legend, the prince of Wu was tired of eating delicacies and had no appetite, so the beauty went into the chef and packed a snack for him. The king of Wu ate a big bowl in one breath and repeatedly asked, "What kind of snack is this, so delicious?"
Stone thought, "confused monarch can't get rid of chaos, so he casually replied," chaos. Later, in order to commemorate the delicious food created by the teacher, Suzhou people designated wonton as the food for the winter festival.
In addition, in the supermarkets on the streets of Suzhou, the ancient city, winter wines are piled up like "hills". Winter wine is brewed only once a year, and osmanthus is fragrant, sweet and refreshing. There is an ancient saying in Suzhou that if you don't drink winter wine on the solstice of winter, you will freeze to death overnight.
Chaoshan area: Sacrificing ancestors to eat sweet pills.
In Chaoshan area, winter solstice, also known as "Little New Year", is a large-scale folk festival. On this day, ordinary people should prepare enough three kinds of animals and fruits, such as pork, chicken and fish, to go to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors, and then their families will sit around the table and have a meal. In coastal areas, fishermen should worship their ancestors before going fishing, pray for the fishermen and pray for the gods and ancestors to bless their safe return from the sea.
There is a saying in Chaoshan that "eat the winter festival round for one year", in which "the winter festival round" is the glutinous rice balls, which are also called sweet pills in Chaoshan area. The custom of eating sweet pills from winter solstice is almost common in Chaoshan area.
The day before the Winter Festival, after dinner, the housewife arranged to put a big basket on the low stool and knead the glutinous rice flour into a ball. Then, the whole family, big or small, sat around and everyone picked up the dough and kneaded it into a marble-sized winter solstice pill. Some people deliberately rub some pills with uneven sizes, which are called "Grandfather Gongsun" pills, symbolizing family reunion at the end of the year. After getting up, adults and children should eat a bowl of winter solstice pills, so they are one year older. If a family member hasn't come home yet, be sure to leave some glutinous rice flour for him and make him a bowl of glutinous rice balls when he comes home.
This custom also contains an interesting custom: after people worship their ancestors on this day, they will take out some sweet pills and stick them on their doorways, beams and rice jars. But so far, only the custom of "eating sweet nine" remains.
Ningxia: Eating "Brain"
There is a custom in Yinchuan on the solstice of winter. On this day, we will have noodles in soup and noodles in mutton soup, jiaozi. Yinchuan people also gave mutton powder soup a special name-"brain".
Mutton powder soup is made of mushrooms and mutton, with salt, ginger, onion, garlic, pepper, soy sauce and other seasonings. After the soup is boiled, add the cut pieces and soaked vermicelli, and then add leeks, garlic sprouts and coriander. A pot of colorful mutton powder soup is ready, with a fragrant and mouth-watering smell.
After jiaozi made the noodle soup, he presented a bowl first and then a bowl to his neighbor. The mutton powder soup dumpling jiaozi has a unique way, and its taste is spicy and delicious. Now it has become a special snack in Yinchuan.
Jiangnan Water Town: Eating Red Bean and Glutinous Rice
In the southern water town of China, it is a custom for the whole family to get together to eat red beans and glutinous rice on the night of winter solstice.
According to legend, there was a man named Gong. His son was incompetent and evil. He died on the Winter Solstice. Become a plague ghost after death and continue to harm the people. However, this epidemic ghost is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice from winter solstice to drive away the epidemic ghost and prevent diseases.
SHANGHAI: Eating jiaozi symbolizes family harmony.
The roundness of "glutinous rice balls" means "reunion" and "perfection", and eating glutinous rice balls in winter solstice is also called "winter solstice group". There is a folk saying that "eating glutinous rice balls is one year older". The winter solstice group can be used to worship ancestors or give gifts to relatives and friends.
In the past, Shanghainese were most particular about eating jiaozi. An ancient poem said, "Every family beats rice to make glutinous rice balls, knowing that it is the winter solstice of the Ming Dynasty." Eating jiaozi on this day also symbolizes family harmony and good luck.
Hangzhou: Eat rice cakes three times a day.
People in Hangzhou like to eat rice cakes on the solstice in winter to celebrate. Every winter solstice, people make cakes to worship their ancestors or give them to relatives and friends.
In diet, three meals will make different flavors of rice cakes, such as rice cakes mixed with sesame powder and sugar, fried rice cakes with shredded pork and so on. People in Hangzhou eat rice cakes on the solstice in winter for good luck, which means getting old.
Xiamen: queuing to buy ginger duck
Xiamen people have a soft spot for ducks. They eat ducks, salted ducks, sauced ducks, roast ducks and four kinds of marinated ducks all year round, and they also eat ginger ducks from the solstice in winter. As long as there is a stall selling ginger and ducks in a street, the whole street is fragrant. Ginger duck is made from muscovy duck with red face. After frying duck with sesame oil, add ginger (ginger) and rice wine to stew. It has the functions of soothing liver and moistening lung, nourishing stomach and strengthening spleen, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, dispelling cold and resolving phlegm, and is especially nourishing.
Ginger ducks are seldom cooked at home, so when the solstice of winter arrives, many people begin to queue up to buy ginger ducks.
Taiwan Province Province, China: Nine-layer cake for ancestor worship.
In Taiwan Province Province, China, the tradition of offering nine-layer cakes to ancestors from winter to the sun is still preserved. Glutinous rice flour is used to knead animals such as chickens, ducks, turtles, pigs, cattle and sheep. , a symbol of good luck, and then put it in a steamer and steam it layer by layer to worship the ancestors to show that they don't forget their ancestors. In the early days of winter solstice or before and after the agreement, people with the same surname and clan gather in the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors one by one in the order of generations, commonly known as "ancestor worship"
After the ceremony, there will be a grand banquet for the people who come to worship their ancestors. Everyone drinks heartily and meets again after a long separation, which is called "food ancestor". The ancestors of the winter solstice festival are handed down from generation to generation in Taiwan Province to show that they have never forgotten their roots.