The body temperature is not exactly the same within 24 hours, with the lowest at 4 am and the highest at 18, but the difference is within l℃. The change of normal physiological rhythm of human body is often a precursor or dangerous signal of disease. Correcting rhythm can prevent and treat some diseases. Many scholars have pointed out that according to the biological rhythm of people's psychological, intellectual and physical activities, arranging the work and rest system for one day, one week, one month and one year can improve work efficiency and academic performance, reduce fatigue, prevent diseases and prevent accidents (the so-called intellectual biological rhythm means that people sometimes have good memory and sometimes have poor memory, which has certain rules. For example, some people have a good memory at 5-9 am, while others have a good memory. On the other hand, if you suddenly don't arrange your work and rest according to the rhythm of your internal biological clock, people will feel physically tired and mentally uncomfortable.
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English translation: biological timer
definition
The quality and quantity that can control the development of time and space in life is called biological clock. All animals on the earth have a physiological mechanism called "biological clock", that is, a 24-hour cycle rhythm from day to night, such as a light and dark cycle, which coincides with the earth's rotation once. The biological clock is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Like all mammals, SCN is located in the upper part of the oral cavity. Because of the biological clock, we have circadian rhythms of sleep, wakefulness and eating behavior.
melatonin
Studies have proved that melatonin secreted by hypothalamus is a new compound that regulates circadian rhythm. biological clock
Melatonin is a hormone mainly produced by pineal gland, and its production shows obvious diurnal fluctuation. Its output at night is 50 to 100 times that during the day.
Astaxanthin (ASTA)
The invention research of Yoshinobu Muzeng from Japan confirmed that astaxanthin (astaxanthin) has the ability to normalize the circadian rhythm of life, mainly to effectively increase endogenous melatonin. Because of its strong antioxidant capacity, it can prevent melatonin from being oxidized, thus adjusting the time difference, and obtained a patent: EP 1283038. In addition, the study of the invention also proves that the time difference can be adjusted by ingesting ASTAxanthin asta. Vitamin e has no such effect. This effect can be attributed to the strong antioxidant effect of astaxanthin ASTA, because melatonin is easily oxidized by oxidative factors in the body. At the same time, it is pointed out that the recommended dose of astaxanthin to adjust the time difference is 25-50mg/ day, which varies from person to person.
Edit the four functions of this paragraph.
abstract
The biological clock has four functions: prompting time, prompting events, maintaining state and forbidding.
Prompt time
It means that you must do something at a certain time. At this time, you will automatically think of it. For example, if you want to get up at 6 tomorrow morning, you will get up automatically. In real life, most things are prompted by time, such as several biological clocks.
Go to work at eight o'clock, meet people at a certain time, send flowers to your lover's birthday, April Fool's Day, catch a train and so on.
Prompt event
It means that when you encounter one thing, the biological clock can automatically remind you of another. For example, if someone asks you to send something to A, when you meet A, the function of the biological clock will automatically come into play, so that you can immediately think of this entrusted thing. When you see something, "souvenir" (a kind of memory) most often comes to your mind. For example, when you see a panda, you will think it is a national treasure of China, it likes to eat bamboo, it is a symbol of friendship in China, and so on. For example, if you see a difficult problem, you will mobilize many memory blocks and solve it in the combination of some rules. This series of things must start with what you have learned in the past many years. This knowledge will not appear in your brain for no reason, but it can appear in your brain in turn under the action of biological clock.
Hold state
Refers to the power that people can persist in doing something when doing it. For example, eight hours of class is the result of the biological clock, and for example, people's eyes can concentrate when watching something, which is also the result of the biological clock. When attention shifts from vision to hearing, it is also the result of the function of reminding events. However, if you want to finish a class, you must have a biological clock.
You must use this function of biological clock to complete listening, otherwise you will feel sleepy or even skip class. This kind of maintenance can be continuous or intermittent. For example, the maintenance between you and your lover's family is intermittent, because you can't stay at home for a long time and do nothing. You have to go to work, tie a knot and get something.
Forbidden function
It means that a certain function or behavior of the body can be terminated by the biological clock. For example, when you see a terrible event (such as an earthquake), you may run away no matter what you are doing. This escape is the end of what you have done before. For example, you are concentrating on surfing the Internet and your father calls. Your biological clock is working when you stop surfing the internet. Without this function, one will never stop doing things, such as sleeping. Without this termination, this person will sleep for a long time and become a vegetable. The etiology of vegetative state may be related to the loss of control of this function. Compared with these four functions, there are four corresponding centers in the human brain: time center, space center, function center and termination center.
Edit this paragraph function
The biological clock is a bit like driving: when people get on the bus, where they drive and how long they step on the gas pedal, they reach the biological clock.
Brake at the back. The essence of heredity is the delayed release of biological clock, the essence of evolution is the variation of chromosome, and the essence of degradation is the closure of chromosome function. For example, people's cecum and tail are degraded, but there are traces. The child clock of their biological clock is still in that part, but the function is gone and it is turned off by the mother clock. All organs, as long as they are not used, will deteriorate in function, not just the cecum. After degradation, the first is organ atrophy, and the second is function disappearance. From this perspective, the biological clock has two aspects: organic and functional. Organicity determines the nature of organs, mainly determines the size, shape and cell number of organs, and functionality determines the degree of organ function, the presence or absence of function and the amount of secreted functional substances (such as various enzymes and hormones). DNA refers to the inherited spirochete, and the biological clock is DNA and protein attached around it. There are two kinds of DNA: one is the "endpoint", that is, the cross-linking site of branches on DNA. This endpoint controls the time and order of gene appearance. Try to imagine that a seed, placed in the soil, will not germinate and grow without the stimulation of some primitive block (external conditions). Once the conditions are sufficient, the endpoint will be activated and the endpoint will instruct the DNA to decode in turn. Without this control, genes will go their own way. The generation of human growth and development behavior is determined by the genes on the chromosome, when to stop growth, when to have sexual desire, when to give birth, when to stop menstruation and so on. All this is done by a person on time, and there is no one who is not the embodiment of biological clock, so DNA is the biological clock, which determines all physiological processes of a person. If these things that appear on time and at the time determined by DNA do not belong to the biological clock, then there is no human biological clock. Let's look at how the biological clock works in the process of life (intelligent process). Teachers or parents will keep your biological clock healthy.
Tell you the name and tell you how to write it. In the future, in your life, as long as you ask your name, or where you want to sign your name, you can write or quote your name accurately. In this process, your name is a stimulus at first, so that your senses can accept this information and store it in your brain. If it is not necessary, your name is a block stored in memory. Once someone calls your name, this stimulus will make your brain communicate with multiple centers such as auditory pathways. The reminder function of the biological clock will immediately recall your name from the memory bank, and the recalled memory block (actually a thing that only contains your name information) will be placed in the thinking center. Its existence prevents the thinking center from producing other thoughts. At this time, the thinking center will let you answer or see the caller because of past habits or other reasons. The answer may not happen every time, but it will happen in many cases. For example, your mother calls you, your superior calls you, or calls you in an emergency (in case of an emergency, tell you to leave quickly). In these cases, you can't help answering the phone. But many times, you answer this kind of swearing behavior with a smile or visual contact. The occurrence of the above situation will inevitably produce four laws of thinking: First, habitual answer. One is that the smile rule corresponds to swearing behavior, which is a relatively mature rule; The other is the rule of silence, which generally deals with calls from unimportant people; There is also a sudden call rule that people have to answer. The biological clock will automatically respond to the caller according to these four rules. Mother clock, child clock and sun clock biological clock are divided into mother clock, child clock and sun clock. The mother clock is the chromosome carried by the fertilized egg. Biological individuals are decomposed and synthesized on the basis of the mother clock, which determines a person's life. The division of the master clock is definite, not endless. In humans, the mother clock generally divides five times, producing 24 somatic chromosomes consistent with the mother clock. After that, all human organs are divided into these 24 sub-clocks. When dividing the mother clock, it has been strictly arranged how to release each of the 24 sub-clocks, how to decode and where to decode the code and so on. At twenty-four o'clock, we began to go our separate ways, making liver and making liver. It's like a mother giving birth to several twin sons, and the sons will develop separately. But as a big family, twins will influence each other until they grow up, and they can also see the traces of the whole family, but each has its own swings and differences. Don't forget the concept that the master clock is not pure DNA. We should always remember that there are cell membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear membrane outside the mother clock, and also remember Golgi apparatus and other substances in the cytoplasm. The division of the mother clock is not single, but is connected with the cell membrane. The XX or XY chromosome carried by sperm enters the egg, and the chromosome combination of the egg is now generally called "zygote". At first, there was only one pair of chromosomes in a fertilized egg. In humans, they began to replicate with reference to this pair of chromosomes, producing 23 pairs of somatic chromosomes. At this time, this egg cell is called the "mother clock" and the mother clock begins to divide. Every time it splits, it produces a new "child clock", and each child clock is a child clock carrying some genetic information. How does the biological clock participate in thinking? The outside world stimulates the human body to feel (sensory block), and the feeling makes people remember (sensory block). The biological clock urges people to produce memories (sensory blocks). Memory blocks are placed in the thinking center, and thinking blocks (thinking) are generated through the combination of "rules". When thinking blocks enter the behavior center, people produce action blocks (behavior and language). This process is the intelligent process of human body. It seems that the biological clock controls the intelligent process by controlling the recall process.
Edit this human biological clock.
The life process of biological clock is complex and wonderful, and it plays a fascinating "symphony of biological rhythm" all the time. This is what people usually call the biological clock. Biological clock, also known as biological rhythm, refers to the phenomenon that organisms change periodically at any time, including physiology, behavior and morphological structure. Scientists have found that biological clocks are various. As far as the human body is concerned, more than one hundred species have been found. The biological clock has a great influence on people's health. The rest and rest of the whole human being in a day and night cycle, the physiological indexes of the human body, such as body temperature, blood pressure and pulse; Physical strength, emotion, intelligence and women's menstrual cycle; Signals in the human body, such as brain waves, ECG waves, meridian potentials, changes in human electromagnetic fields, etc., will change periodically with the change of day and night. No one denies that this series of phenomena has nothing to do with human health. Science has found that when the biological clock is disordered, human beings and even all life are prone to illness, aging or death. Some people's biological clocks have been relatively stable for decades and they are in good health. Once the biological clock is broken and in a state of disorder for a long time, it will produce various discomforts or diseases, and some even endanger life. It is said that the trademark of European famous jujube whisky is the head of a long-lived old man who lived 152 years old. At that time, the king of England wanted to see the long-lived old man, so he invited him to the palace to eat, drink and have fun to show his hospitality. Who knows, because the law of life was suddenly changed, the old man died a week later. In our life, there are also some old people's health. They have worked all day for decades and become healthier and healthier. One day, due to their filial piety, they were given a rest time to "enjoy the rest". As a result, they either felt uncomfortable or could not afford to get sick. Some newly retired old people are not as healthy as when they go to work, which is related to the sudden change of biological clock. We believe that young people should understand, discover and master their biological clocks as soon as possible, and then gradually adapt to them so that they can play a positive role. The elderly should cherish the biological clock formed in decades and don't change it easily, so as not to cause disorder of the biological clock and affect their physical and mental health. Filial sons and daughters, don't let the old man indulge your's filial piety easily. According to a survey, in a health care and rehabilitation center for the elderly, several 90-year-old people were in normal physical condition and mental state at home, and their children sent them to the center to get good medical security. However, in less than half a month, all these old people died "disease-free". Whether this has anything to do with the old man's biological clock being changed, we can't get into it. However, we believe that understanding, mastering and adapting to the biological clock will help to maintain and improve people's physical and mental health.
Edit this biological clock study
abstract
The human body has different periodic rhythms with time, such as day, week, month and year. For example, the body temperature is not exactly the same within 24 hours, with the lowest at 4 am and the highest at 18, with a difference of more than l℃. The change of normal physiological rhythm of human body is often a precursor or dangerous signal of disease. Correcting rhythm can prevent and treat some diseases. Many scholars have pointed out that according to the biological rhythm of people's psychological, intellectual and physical activities, arranging the work and rest system for one day, one week, one month and one year can improve work efficiency and academic performance, reduce fatigue, prevent diseases and prevent accidents (the so-called intellectual biological rhythm means that people sometimes have good memory and sometimes have poor memory, which has certain rules. For example, some people have a good memory at 5-9 am, while others have a good memory. On the other hand, if you suddenly don't arrange your work and rest according to the rhythm of your internal biological clock, people will feel physically tired and mentally uncomfortable. BY - Starblacker
Interesting biological clock phenomenon
Many creatures have interesting biological clocks. For example, there is a Dina bird in Guatemala, South America, which sings for a while every 30 minutes with an error of only 15 seconds, so the residents there use their songs to calculate the time, which is called "bird clock"; In the dense forests of Africa, there is a bug that can tell the time. It changes color every hour. Every household who lives there takes this bug home and watches it change color to calculate the time. This is the so-called "bug clock". There are similar examples in plants. In South Africa, there is a big leaf tree whose leaves turn every two hours, so the local residents call it a "living tree clock". In Argentina, South America, there is a kind of wild flower that can tell the time. It blooms one after another at around 8 pm in early summer and is called "flower clock". Not only that, tiny bacteria also know the time. According to the latest American magazine Nature, some single-celled organisms not only have biological clocks, but also these biological clocks are very accurate.
"Hidden Clock" in Human Body
Man, the soul of all things, is also dominated by the rhythm of life. What is the body clock? Some people vividly compare the biological rhythm in the human body to a "hidden clock". Scientists' research has confirmed that everyone has many natural rhythms from the day of birth to the last day of life, such as physical strength, intelligence, mood, blood pressure, menstrual period and so on. People call these natural rhythms biological rhythms or life rhythms. There is a biological species in human body that determines people's sleep and awakening. According to the instructions of the brain, the biological clock regulates the functions of various organs in the whole body in a 24-hour cycle. As early as the end of 19, scientists noticed the phenomenon of "life rhythm" in organisms. At the beginning of last century, Wilhelm Fries, a German physician, and Herman Swapoda, an Austrian psychologist, uncovered the mystery through long-term clinical observation. It turns out that in the ups and downs of patients' symptoms, emotions and behaviors, there are 23 days of physical ups and downs and 28 days of emotional ups and downs. About 20 years later, after studying the test scores of hundreds of high school and university students, Professor Alfred Terchell of Innsbruch University found that human intelligence fluctuated within 33 days. Therefore, according to the periodic rhythm of physical strength, emotion and intelligence ups and downs, scientists have drawn three wavy curves of human biological rhythm, which are vividly described as a beautiful life ensemble. By the middle of the 20th century, biologists created the word "biological clock" according to the fact that living things have periodic cyclical rhythm activities.
Biological clock: the third eye of human beings
Where is the biological clock? The traditional view is that the biological clock should exist in the brain, but there are different opinions on the specific location. Some people think that the exact position of the biological clock is in the front of the hypothalamus, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It senses the light and shade of the outside world through the retina to keep in sync with the internal clock. Some people think that the phenomenon of biological clock is closely related to melatonin in the body. Because melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland, the biological clock should also be located on the pineal gland. Later, exogenous theory caused by external information, endogenous theory determined by internal factors of organisms and comprehensive theory of interaction between organisms and environment appeared. Exogenous theory holds that some complex cosmic information is the motivation to control the phenomenon of life rhythm. Dr. Frank Brown, an American scholar, believes that human beings are extremely sensitive to a wide range of external information, such as electric field changes, geomagnetic changes, gravitational field changes, cosmic rays, other planetary motion cycles, light changes, and lunar gravity. The periodicity of these changes has caused the periodicity of human life rhythm. Endogenous theory holds that the rhythm of life is determined by internal factors of human body. Experiments on hamsters active at night show that they still have similar rhythms when the external conditions change, such as in the opposite direction to the earth's rotation. People also show a rhythm similar to 24 hours under the condition of constant temperature and isolation from the outside world, so the rhythm of people's life is caused by their own factors. Synthesis theory is the theory of interaction between human body and environment.
12 biological clock gene
12 biological clock gene: Uncovering the mystery of biological clock According to experts, human beings have discovered 12 genes related to biological clock, which not only affect people's physical and mental health, but also play an important role in treating diseases. In 1980s, due to the development of molecular biology, the study of biological clock made a breakthrough. 197 1 year, British scientists discovered a special fruit fly in their research, and its biological clock was only 2 1 hour. It took scientists 14 years to find the gene that caused the abnormal biological clock of this fruit fly until 1985. This is the first time that human beings have discovered a gene related to the biological clock, and named this gene cycle-"cycle". Scientists have been trying to clone similar genes of this gene in other species, especially mammals, but they have not been successful. Cell Journal 65438-0997 published a paper. Through the study of tens of thousands of experimental mice, scientists found that the biological clock cycle of an experimental mouse is 27 hours, and located and cloned the gene with mutation in this nucleic acid, and named it "clock gene". Meanwhile, Dr. Sun Zhongsheng and others screened the genes on chromosome 17 on a large scale in order to clone breast cancer genes. They found that one of the genes showed a certain sequence similarity with the biological clock gene "cycle" of Drosophila, so it was speculated that the gene was a similar gene with the same function in mammals. Through animal experiments, they found that the "periodic" gene has a 24-hour expression rhythm, and the expression of this gene can change with the change of photoperiod. This discovery was named as one of 10 scientific and technological breakthroughs by Science magazine because it revealed the molecular biological basis of the biological clock. In recent years, the international community has attached great importance to the study of chronobiology and put forward the concepts of chronopathology, chronopharmacology and chronotherapeutics. Biological rhythm has become an important topic in clinical, preventive and basic medical research. China Academy of Sciences plans to establish an international chronobiology research base in China to promote the clinical application of chronobiology in China.
Research shows that human biological clock is slow 18 minutes a day.
Human biological clocks are not synchronized at the same time. Japanese scientists recently published a research paper saying that they found that the period of human biological clock is 24 hours, 18 minutes. However, there is a more obvious gap between this biological clock of other animals and plants and the biological clock. Some animals have a biological clock cycle of 23 to 26 hours, while plants have a biological clock cycle of 22 to 28 hours. Researchers believe that this phenomenon can be explained by Darwin's theory of evolution. Take birds for example. If it follows the clock strictly, when it wakes up every morning to feed, it will find that the insects on the tree have been eaten by the birds that first flew into the forest. Therefore, strictly punctual creatures will face the greatest competitive pressure and eventually tend to perish. But why do unsynchronized biological clocks and clocks accumulate, eventually disrupting our life rules and making us wake up later every day? Researchers say that light will constantly reset the biological clock by affecting hormone levels and body temperature in the body. The researchers did an experiment with a computer to simulate the evolution of the biological clock. Experiments have proved that the biological clock cycles that are most conducive to competition are indeed close to 24 hours, but they are not particularly close.
Animals have biological clocks hidden in their skin.
Professor Okamura of Kobe University in Japan published a paper in the American journal Science, saying that there is a biological clock in the skin tissue of mammals, which is in step with the biological clock in the brain. This discovery may be used to diagnose various diseases caused by biological clock disorder. Scientists have found in experiments on mice that there are a large number of biological clock genes in fibroblasts of mouse skin adhesion tissue. He called the biological clock in the hypothalamus of the brain "mother clock" and the biological clock in tissues and cells such as skin "child clock". He also found that the child clock and the mother clock move together, and the mechanism of action is the same. It is considered that the biological clock structure and mechanism of various mammals, including humans, are roughly the same.
Edit the biological clock law of this paragraph.