The Genesis of Guilin Landscape (1) Lion Mountain? Strange peaks rising from the surrounding walls
The landform of Shilin Mountain is characterized by a series of rocky mountains rising from the ground and four steep slopes. Loki Mountain is steep around, because most of the limestone body is dissolved and becomes a downward-penetrating channel. Therefore, the rock slope is dominated by collapse. On the contrary, there is no scattered flow and rainstorm flow on the rocky slope surface, which is caused by running water scouring the slope surface from acute angle to gentle slope. On the contrary, the foothills are mostly places where surface water seeps into the ground. Therefore, there are many streams, rivers and gullies around the Rocky Mountain, which makes the foot of the Rocky Mountain become an erosion and dissolution area. The lateral erosion of rivers and the formation of sinkholes will make the rocky mountain slope change from gentle to steep. For example, in the Qixingyan area of Zhaoqing, there is a Hepoyan, which was eroded by a tributary of the Xijiang River. Today, there is a layer of riverbed pebbles (pebbles) with a thickness of 2 meters in the rocks, indicating that it is riverbed facies deposition. After the establishment of this rock, the rock mouth collapsed, making the rocky mountain form a cliff. This kind of hole can be called? Side hole? .
Because the surface water flow is concentrated in the Rocky Mountain, the walls around the Rocky Mountain stand. Form a lonely peak that rises from the ground. Sometimes the cliff is as high as thousands of feet, and it is magnificent, such as the Duxiu Peak in Guilin. The example of Rocky Mountain collapse can be proved by finding huge falling rocks at the foot of Rocky Mountain. For example, in Qixingyan area of Zhaoqing, 1970 collapsed immediately after the rain. Stones with a diameter of more than 2 meters fell from the cliff and penetrated the roof of the cement building. Collapse can make a cliff into a cliff, that is, a cliff with a forehead protruding from the top of the cliff. Another example is the Pearl Cave and the Double Pearl Cave in Zhaoqing, both of which are when the boulder collapses. It's just stuck in a crack in the rock, indicating that the cliff slope is mainly collapsed.
(2)? Every mountain has a hole? Stone mountain? Foot hole?
What are the topographical features of the rocky mountain in LAM Raymond? Every mountain has a hole? Some people have more than one. For example, there are five caves in Qixingyan in Guilin. But the weirdest thing is? Foot hole? Yes Foot hole is a cave formed at the foot of a rocky mountain, hence its name? Foot hole? . Its topographic features develop along the surface of groundwater. Therefore, there is generally a huge cave system inside the foot hole. For example, the big stone of Qixingyan in Zhaoqing means that there is a big hall in the cave, and small holes and cloisters are distributed around the big hall, forming an underground lake at the big hall, indicating that the foot hole is caused by strong dissolution near the underground water surface. Therefore, the top of the foothills is generally formed according to the groundwater level, so the flat top is a major topographic feature of the foothills. ? Flat as a knife? The local county annals say that this kind of foot hole is similar to an adjective.
But the top of the foot hole is not flat as a plate, but there are many stone pots and clocks distributed in the terrain. This kind of terrain is rare in other caves. Stone pot is the distribution of several shallow semi-circular arch caves, the size is less than 1 m, and the caves are less than half a meter. The semicircular shape is complete and does not interfere with each other, indicating that the stone pot is dissolved, which is caused by strong dissolution and erosion in the central part. Stone pots are generally about the same size, which is the result of horizontal flow when the cave is filled with water. Generally speaking, water flow is stratified flow and turbulent flow. Laminar flow means that the velocity of every point in the water layer is the same. In limestone cracks, the water flow is laminar, and its speed is slow, which is lower than 65438 0 cm per second. The bigger the hole, the smoother the water flow, and the different speeds of each point in the flowing water, which is turbulence. Running water is divided into multiple shares according to speed, one rising and one falling, one urgent and one slow. If the velocity in a 3 cm solution hole is 0. 1 cm, it can change from laminar flow to turbulent flow. In the rainy season, the karst cave is full of water, and the dissolving power at the impact site is greater, because the pressure at the impact site is large, and the dissolving amount increases. For example, according to the experimental data, the rock gap is enlarged to 0.35 mm every year when the groundwater is not compressed, but it can be increased to 5 mm every year after being filled with water, that is, the dissolution force is increased by 15 times after being compressed. The rapids hitting the ceiling can erode and dissolve the stone pot topography in flood season.
The origin of the stone clock is completely different. It is the result of groundwater seeping down the joints, dripping to the top of the cave and dissolving into a deep hole like a bell. If the groundwater is rich and flows out along the joints, the stone bell shape can become a concave trough. The stone clock is just a dripping hole, so there is a dissolved hole at the top of the clock, which is not found in the stone pot. The whole stone pot is formed on a rock surface, and the distribution of stone clocks is formed according to the position of dissolved holes, mostly scattered, which is different from the distribution of stone pots in pieces.
There are also side grooves on both sides of the hole. This is due to the seasonal existence of groundwater surface. Because the solubility is greatest near the water surface. The concave groove is called in the ancient book? Stone bed? Because the bottom of the side groove is flat as a bed. If there are several layers in the side trough, it means that the groundwater surface changes seasonally, just like a river has a water surface in dry season and a water surface in flood season, there are often small rivers (such as Lingxiaoyan and Yanyan) in the cave.
There are not many travertine deposits such as stalactites, stalagmites, stone pillars and stone curtains, which are also the characteristics of Jiaodong sedimentary topography. Due to the water filling and turbulent erosion in the foothole during the rain period, calcium is difficult to deposit on the rock surface, forming travertine deposit. Some of them are also very small, if they are formed? Tuanlong? 、? Feng Fei? 、? Snakes? 、? Fruit? 、? Flowers? Thin and small shapes, etc.
Foot hole is the channel through which surface water flows into the rocky mountain. Therefore, the entrance to the cave is generally higher than that in the cave, showing a wide and flat entrance, which is often the accumulation of cold air in the cave. Cold hole? Type a cave. Because of the large proportion of cold air, it is not easy to rise and discharge from the cave, so it is no wonder that people will spend the summer here in summer. Lingxiao Rock in Yunfu, Guangdong Province is connected with an underground river.
The foothills extend along the joints around the groundwater surface. If you encounter a river outside the Rocky Mountain, the surface river will immediately turn the water to the foothills, making the downstream of the surface river become a dry valley without water. This phenomenon is called. Underground skimming? . As early as the Song Dynasty, there was a record that China plundered or plundered groundwater with sufficient points. When the foot hole runs through the whole rocky mountain, it is called. Puncture? Yes Lingchuan in the north of Guilin was formed and named in this way.
(3) in the peak forest and rocky mountain? Puncture?
When the foot hole rises above the groundwater level, it passes through the foot hole of Shifeng, which is called. Puncture? . This is because the earth's crust has risen, or the groundwater level has dropped. In the past, the foot hole became a dry hole without running water and stagnant water. The bottom of the hole was higher than the plain ground, and it became a cave halfway up the mountain, hence the name? Puncture? . Due to constant erosion and collapse, perforations can become caves halfway up the mountain, like windows. Every time this strange terrain becomes a local scenic spot, such as Moon Mountain in Yangshuo, it is named because it is perforated like a half moon, so it is also called Yueming Cave. In addition, the Moon Rock in Guilin and the Moon Rock in Pingshan are beautiful, like a bright moon hanging in the sky, becoming scenic spots. They are all made up of rising foothills, that is, in the Middle Pleistocene (more than 600,000 years ago), there was an underground river. At that time, the ground was the terrace ground 40 ~ 60 meters high today. At present, the best cave in Shilin Mountain in Guilin is not the shape of the Moon Mountain, but the well-preserved foothill topography, such as flat roof, multi-layer side grooves, stone pots and clocks, and underground rivers on the flat bottom. However, piercing a hole is not the same as a foot hole after all, because the underground river disappears and the water in the hole flows downwards. Therefore, anhydrous caves bring a good preservation environment for travertine deposits, among which stalactites, stalagmites, stone pillars, stone curtains and travertine terraces (including travertine terraces) are the most developed, and deep sinkholes can be developed at the bottom of gentle caves, called? A bottomless pit? . Every time the mouth of the cave and the roof of the cave collapse due to long-term erosion and dissolution, the mouth of the cave is high and wide, the cave is blocked by falling rocks, and the hall in the cave can be particularly tall because of the collapse, which destroys the flat-topped terrain. Reed flute cave in Guilin, for example, is famous for all kinds of stalactites. It is necessary to explore the stalactite forest to open up the road of sightseeing. Seven-Star Rock in Guilin is more prominent, connected by forty-five caves. The main cave is 8 14 meters long and runs through eight halls and five exits. All caves are 3 kilometers long and divided into three layers, the bottom layer is still a foot hole; The middle hole hall is 27 meters high and 48 meters wide, which is formed by the collapse of the foot hole on the second floor; There are side grooves (called white stone canopy), and you can hear underground caves under your feet? Voices of the Hollow Valley? . The middle part is lower, that is, the big teaching field, and the ancient underground lake is here. What is the name of the sinkhole? A bottomless pool? 、? Xunzitan? 、? Double lions guarding Longtan? Wait a minute. In Maotoushi Mountain (namely Guangming Mountain), besides reed flute cave, there are four piercing holes, namely Dayan (875 meters long, the ink of monks in the Tang Dynasty has been protected by calcium film, and the ink is as good as new), Feisiyan and Chuanyan. These holes are all wartime shelters, because the bottom of the hole is flat, the hall is vast and there are many branches, which can be used by factories, schools and hospital warehouses in wartime. There are also many tunnels in rocky mountain areas, such as Yanyan in Huaiji, Guangdong Province and Yandu in Jingxi, Guangxi, which are used for highway crossing.
Lijiang River, a scenic spot in Guilin Mountain.
Lijiang Scenic Area is the largest and most beautiful karst landscape tourist area in the world, which has fascinated many literati for thousands of years. Guilin Lijiang Scenic Area takes Guilin as the center, starts from Xing 'an Lingqu in the north and reaches Yangshuo in the south, and is connected by Lijiang River. Guilin landscape to? Qingshan Xiushui strange cave beautiful stone? The four wonders are famous at home and abroad. There are many scenic spots in Lijiang scenic spot in Guilin, and only the main scenic spots can be selected for sightseeing in the short term. One river (Lijiang), two caves (reed flute cave, Qixingyan) and three mountains (Duxiufeng, Fu Bo and Diecai Mountain) are representative and basically the essence of Guilin's landscape.
Yulong River or Longhui River
It is the longest tributary of the Lijiang River in Yangshuo, with a total length of 43.5 kilometers and a drainage area of 158.47 square kilometers. It flows through five towns and more than 20 villages including Jinbao, Grape, Baisha, Yangshuo and Gaotian in Yangshuo County. Little Lijiang River? It's not that Lijiang River is better than Lijiang River. Especially from Yulong Bridge to Gongnong Bridge, 15.36 km, there are 28 weirs and dams, and there are more than 100 scenic spots. There are no so-called modern buildings, no traces of artificial carving and no noise in the city. Everything is so primitive, natural, simple and pure. It is actually the largest natural landscape garden in Guilin. If the Lijiang River is compared to? Good family? So Yulong River is very exciting? Xiaojiabiyu? . Experts at home and abroad unanimously confirmed that Yulong River is a world-class natural heritage of mankind. ? The idyllic scenery on both sides of Yulong River is pleasing to the eye. Tian Ping oasis, lovers embracing, Pinghu reflection, Xiatang scenic spot, Shuangliu Gudu, Dream Valley, etc. It makes people seem to have entered the poetic realm of harmony between man and nature and returned to the original free world. The three most famous ancient bridges in Guangxi ―― Yulong Bridge, Xiangui Bridge and Fuli Bridge are all located in Yulong River Scenic Area. Known as. General's office? 、? Jinshi pavilion? The old county is on the yu long River; The ruins of Guiyi County in the Tang Dynasty, the ruins of panzhuang, Xu Beihong's studio, and the ancient houses and houses left in the Ming and Qing Dynasties make people feel nostalgic. However, the most exciting, romantic and chic thing is swimming in Yulong River and crossing the dam by raft, which is thrilling. Boating in Pinghu, relaxed and happy, is regarded as an irresistible temptation and a cool fashion. People only use one word to describe the feeling of wandering in Yulong River:? Is it cool? !
Maoshan
Is Maoer Mountain Scenic Area in Guilin? Golden triangle? (Xing 'an No.1 Resource-Longsheng) The center of the tourist area echoes with the three major tourist attractions in the county (Guilin Lemandi Leisure World, Gulingqu, Xiangjiang Martyrs Monument Park, the breakthrough of the Red Army's Long March) and becomes a tourist boutique in Guilin tourism circle. The tourist source of Xing 'an mainly depends on Guilin, and it receives more than ten thousand domestic and foreign tourists 10 every year. In addition, Maoershan Scenic Area is close to Beihai, Nanning, Hunan, Guizhou and other surrounding cities, and tourists can arrive on the same day through special railway lines and high-grade highways, with a superior geographical position. What is Maoershan? Guilin-Xing 'an-Resources-Longsheng-Guilin? The boutique of the tourist ring road, with the main peak 2 14 1.5 meters above sea level, is known as? The first peak in South China? Is it the birthplace of Lijiang River, Jiang Xun River and Zijiang River, or the landscape of Lijiang River in Guilin? Penis? . The scenic spot has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. After preliminary investigation, there are 75 scenic spots, including 13 first-class scenic spots, 30 second-class scenic spots and 32 third-class scenic spots. South China Peak, Chuanxian Cave, Tian Tong Road, South China Tiger, Maoyue Foguang, Sleeping Beauty, Hemlock Collection, the source of Lijiang River, Rhododendron Gallery, Longtan, Shili Grand Canyon, Jianya Waterfall, and the crash site of American World War II aid plane (Flying Tigers) found in 1996 are representative scenic spots of Maoer Mountain. The whole scenic spot integrates science and education, range rover and exploration.
Mulonghu scenic spot
The scenic spot highlights the integration of natural landscape and historical culture. On the north side of Longmu Lake, relying on the historical and cultural landscapes such as Dongzhenmen and the ruins of Song City Wall in Song Dynasty, we will build scenic spots including Song Street, Banbian Street, ancient Song Cheng, Mu Long Ta, Long Mu Night Park, Shallow Bridge Fish Shadow, Tinghexuan and other ancient buildings with the architectural charm of Song Dynasty. Long Mu Tower is based on the Longhua Tower in Song Dynasty, with a height of 45 meters. An ecological landscape belt for viewing woodlands, grasslands, streams and waterfalls will be built between the south side of Longmu Lake and Diecai Mountain. The present position of Longmu Lake is a row of barracks in the Song Dynasty. Before the construction of the two rivers and four lakes project, houses were dense. In order to connect the Lijiang River and the inner lake, and obtain the exposed effect, in the implementation of the project of two rivers and four lakes, 1896 households and 56 units were relocated, and the old houses of 174842 square meters were demolished. Among them, Longmu Lake * * * overall demolition and resettlement project demolished nearly10.5 million square meters of old houses, setting a record for the largest number of people, the largest scale, the shortest time and the largest area in a single urban construction project in Guangxi. An artificial lake with a length of about 1 100 meters was excavated between Diecai Mountain and Tiefeng Mountain, and the excavation earthwork 1000000 cubic meters. This artificial lake is named after its proximity to Long Mu Cave? Mulonghu? .
Guilin's landscape climate conditions Guilin is located at low latitude and belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the middle subtropical zone, with an annual average temperature of 19.8 degrees Celsius. The hottest weather is in July and August, with an average temperature of about 28.5 degrees Celsius, and occasionally it reaches above 30 degrees Celsius. The annual average rainfall is 1926 mm, and it snows occasionally every year for a short time. April-August is the rainy season, and the rainfall accounts for 40% of the whole year. The climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant. Three winters, light snow and four seasons in bloom? Said. The frost-free period is long, with a frost-free period of 309 days throughout the year. The coldest weather is in 1 month and February, and the average temperature is about 8.3 degrees Celsius, which occasionally drops below zero. Adequate sunshine, four distinct seasons and superior climatic conditions. All tourists can go to play all year round, and May, June and July are the most suitable months. [2]
spring
In the early spring, when the northern country was still covered with silver, Guilin was already a world full of flowers, willows and green. In March of spring, the average temperature is around 13 degrees Celsius, and sometimes night walking is accompanied by rain and spring rain. All you have to do is put on spring clothes and winter clothes for a rainy day.
summer
Summer is the rainy season in Guilin, and the rainfall accounts for more than half of the total annual rainfall. So when you travel at this time, you should pay special attention to carrying it with you? Umbrella? . Although rain brings inconvenience to tourists, it creates a hazy artistic conception for Guilin. Looking at Guilin's landscape in the rain, fog and haze is even more ethereal. Bamboo beside the Lijiang River is as green as a drop, smiling in the shade, and arranged in a ten-mile long corridor. All present? Lijiang Baili Gallery? Wonderful scenery.
autumn
Autumn is the peak of Guilin's tourism, with golden breeze and clear sky. At this time, Guilin is crisp and flat as a mirror in autumn, which is the best time to see the reflection of the peaks. The river is as clear as a mirror, and the whole underwater world can be seen at a glance, turning into a mountain filled with water, and the water floats on the mountain? No water, no mountains, no ecstasy? Mysterious field.
winter
In winter, the lowest temperature in Guilin is around 8 degrees Celsius. Although it makes people feel cool, it does not have the biting feeling of northern winter. Early winter, October, the average temperature is about 20 degrees Celsius, which is also the season when osmanthus flowers bloom. Jingui, Dangui and Yin Gui are covered with branches, in full bloom in the wind, and Wan Li is fragrant, decorating Guilin into a flower city. Due to the limited temperature, it is difficult to see the snow scene in Guilin. But if the cold wave comes and the temperature changes suddenly, can you watch it occasionally on the highest mountain in Guilin? Winter snow in Yaoshan? Scenery.
After seeing how the landscape of Guilin was formed, I also saw:
1.5 essays describing the beautiful scenery of Guilin
2. A 300-word composition describing the scenery of Guilin.
3. A 500-word composition describing the scenery of Guilin.
4. A 300-word composition about Guilin scenery
5. Five 400-word essays describing Guilin's landscape.