District: Central Federal District
Location: 55 degrees 45 minutes north latitude, 37 degrees 36 minutes east longitude
Altitude:130-253m
Area: 108 1 km2
Population:10 472 629 (data in 2007)
Mayor: Yuri Luzhkov
Construction time: 1 147.
Time zone: UTC +3 (summer: UTC +4)
City emblem: Georgy, a magic warrior, stabbed a poisonous snake with a spear.
City flag: red flag with the city emblem in the middle.
Official website: www.mos.ru
Moscow, now the capital of the Russian Federation, is also the political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center of Russia. The overall population of Moscow reaches 146 12602 (urban population: 10472629), which is the most populous city in Europe, accounting for 1/7 of the total population of Russia. Moscow covers an area of 1, 08 1 square kilometer, and the urban area is 30 kilometers long from east to west and 40 kilometers long from north to south. Moscow was founded in 1 147 with a history of more than 800 years.
geographical position
Moscow State lies between Oka River and Volga River, bordering Tula State in the south, Kaluga State in the southwest, Smolensk State in the west, Tver State in the northwest and west, Yaroslavl State in the northeast, Vladimir State in the north and northeast, and Ryazan State in the southeast.
Moscow is located in central Europe, across moscow river and its tributary Yauza River. With a population of more than 8 million, it is one of the world's megacities and the largest city in Europe. The center of Moscow is surrounded by a circular road with a perimeter of 109 km. The central city is 40 kilometers from north to south and 30 kilometers from east to west, with an area of 1 1,000 square kilometers.
The upstream entrances of Moscow and Volga Valley are connected with the estuary, which leads directly to Novgorod, extends westward, leads down to Oka River along moscow river, flows to Ryazan along Oka, meets at Jin Mu along Wenzan, flows to Krazimu River, and then flows to Rostov, suzdal and yaroslavl basins.
administrative division
After 199 1 year, Moscow was divided into 10 administrative regions, namely
Central China (центральный)
North Zone (северный)
Northeast China (северо-восточный)
East Zone (восточный)
Southeast China (юго-восточный)
South Zone (I'm ный)
Southwest China (юго-западный)
West Zone (западный)
Northwest China (северо-западный)
Green city
Population profile
According to the census of June 5438+October 2002 10, the permanent population of Moscow is100000, and the foreign population is about120000. The average population density is 7,700 people/km2, and the population density in central China is as high as 29,000 people/km2. According to the population statistics of 1976, women account for 55% of the residents, 774,000 more than men, and the natural population growth rate is extremely low, only 0.25%.
1968, the whole city is divided into 30 districts (including Zelenogler, a new town outside the ring road), of which 13 inner city has less population and area than 17 outer city. Russians account for 89.2% of the population, and the rest are Jews, Ukrainians and Tatars.
From 1897 to 1926, the population of Moscow increased from 1039 thousand to 2.08 million. From 1926 to 1939, the number of Moscow residents increased by 2.2 times, reaching 4.609 million. After World War II, the population of Moscow continued to increase, but at a slower pace. At 1959, it is 6133000; At 1970, it is 7194000; At 1979, it is 8142000; 1995 is 8.875 million, 65438. After 1989, the population of Moscow began to decline, reaching 87170,000 in 1993, 8.639 million in 1997, 850,000 in 1998 and 8.389 million in 2000. According to the 5438+ 10 census in June, 2002, the permanent population is 100000, and the floating population is about120000.
The average population density is 7,700 people/km2, and the population density in central China is as high as 29,000 people/km2. Women account for 55% of the residents, 774,000 more than men (1.976), and the natural population growth rate is extremely low, only 2.5‰( 1.976).
Climatic characteristics
Moscow is located in the middle of the Russian plain, beside the Moscow River, across the moscow river and its tributary Yauza River. Greater Moscow (including the area within the ring road) covers an area of 900 square kilometers, of which the peripheral green belt * * * is 1725 square kilometers. The terrain is flat, and there is only Teplos Tanska-Asia Highland (the highest point is 253m) in the southwest. Continental climate, with annual precipitation of 582 mm and heavy snowfall. The average annual snow-covered period is as long as 146 days (165438+1early October-mid-April), with long winter and gloomy weather. 1the average temperature in October is-10.2℃ (minimum -42℃), and the average temperature in July is 18. 1℃ (maximum 37℃). The green area of this city accounts for about 1/3 of the total area, and it is one of the best green cities in the world. Overlooking Moscow from the plane, you can see lush trees and clear rivers and lakes under the blue sky. This city is clean and tidy. It is very cold in winter, and the lowest temperature reaches MINUS 43 degrees Celsius. The temperature is high in summer. May and September are the best tourist seasons. Enter the cold period from the end of September to the middle of May of the following year. The snowfall time is from the end of June to the middle of April, and the snowfall depth in late winter is 35 cm.
develop
Build a castle at 1 156. /kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, it was the capital of Moscow Principality. /kloc-from the end of 0/5th century to1712nd year was the capital of Russia and the largest industrial and commercial center. After the 1960s, industry developed rapidly. 19 18 has been the capital of Soviet Russia since March.
From its inception, Moscow's first consideration was firmness and reliability. At first, nomadic tribes in the south and east of Moscow often threatened it, while Lithuanian and Polish troops in the west also eyeing it. So Vladimir, Tver and Novgorod allied forces established solid bases at the same time.
After the victory of the Battle of Coulinet Fu (after 1390 and recorded in 1480 Bird Watching in Ivan's Three Realms), an elephant arrived in Moscow at that time, and the Moscow Principality grew rapidly. In the ancient15th century, the population and territorial area of Moscow surpassed that of London, Prague and some big cities in Europe. 186 1 After the abolition of the farming and animal husbandry system, capitalism prevailed in Russia, and Moscow gradually developed into a huge industrial and trade center.
/kloc-in the 9th century, there were more than 20,000 industrial and trade enterprises in Migu Moscow, including more than 0/0000 industrial enterprises and 0/20,000 workers. Small and medium-sized enterprises with no less than 16 employees account for the vast majority, but only 2% have more than 50 employees.
Textile industry accounts for the majority of industrial enterprises in Moscow, most of which are construction, wood processing, food processing, paper industry, leather industry, automobile manufacturing, tool manufacturing and so on.
At the beginning of Moscow's industrial development 100 years, it has reached a relatively high social production.
In 19 10, about 49% workers were concentrated in 6% large enterprises in Moscow. During this period, more than 500 or more workers were considered as large enterprises. In the stage of industrial development, foreign-funded industries are heavily involved, and all chemical enterprises and electronic technology enterprises in Mozambique are in the hands of foreign consortia. (e.g. German industrial giants)
19 17 After the victory of the October Revolution, Moscow vigorously developed the automobile manufacturing industry (from lathe manufacturing to watch manufacturing), from bearing processing to automobile production and textile processing, which greatly promoted the development of the metal processing industry.
The so-called "printing" big enterprises in Moscow have to withdraw from automobile manufacturing and electronic technology production lines, radio technology, representative production and other fields. The production of daily necessities is of far-reaching significance for the country to ensure self-sufficiency. Moscow has become a powerful production and technology base for Russian industry.
During the war, the urban industrial structure was transformed into automobile manufacturing and metal processing.
Humanistic characteristics
The beautiful natural environment in Moscow provides a good rest environment for her people. In summer, people often take a nap in parks or roadsides in their spare time, or barbecue and swim in the suburbs. When the holiday comes, they go to their villa to grow vegetables and rest. This is a nation that will enjoy it very much.
A souvenir with national characteristics in Moscow-Matryoshka. It is almost a symbol of traditional handicrafts in Moscow.
Cooking tea is an indispensable part of Russian daily life and a unique symbol and pillar of a warm family. Moscow has unique eating habits. Three meals a day, breakfast is relatively simple, bread with ham, tea, coffee or milk. Lunch is much richer, usually with three courses. The first course was preceded by cold cuts. The first course is soup. Russian soup is more nutritious, including diced potatoes, various vegetables and meat or fish fillets. The second course is meat or fish and some side dishes. The third course is dessert and things like tea and coffee. According to the custom in Moscow, the order of dishes cannot be reversed.
Moscow people drink vodka. Bread and salt are used by them to entertain distinguished guests. In the ice and snow, wearing boots, stockings, miniskirts and a silver fox or blue fox coat is a winter scene in Moscow. However, the wind in Moscow is very strong, so you must put on your hat.
Moscow people pay great attention to appearance, love cleanliness and dress neatly. When you travel, you always take an iron with you. When attending parties and watching performances, Moscow people are used to wearing evening dresses, especially watching ballet, which is particularly noble.
Moscow people especially like flowers. Buy flowers on holidays or visit friends, and plant some at home. They also like small animals such as cats and dogs.
Muscovites greet distinguished guests with bread and salt, because salt was precious in ancient Moscow and was only used when entertaining guests. Bread represented wealth and status at that time. Bread is usually placed on a tray, which is covered with exquisite embroidered square towels. Dedicated by the host to the distinguished guests. The guests kissed the bread first, then broke off a small piece, sprinkled some salt and tasted it to express their gratitude.
Moscow people like to drink black tea with sugar, honey or jam. Tea drinking culture in Moscow has a long history. As early as the 18th century, some cities in Moscow began to produce tea sets, among which Tula was recognized as the real capital of brew tea. Tea stove is a symbol of traditional tea drinking culture in Moscow. In today's Moscow, making tea has become a unique symbol of a warm family.
Moscow people like to drink, but they don't pay much attention to food, as long as they have wine to drink. Women generally drink champagne and fruit wine, while men prefer vodka. Vodka is a kind of soju brewed from grains. Good vodka is high in alcohol, but it is not easy to get drunk.
Moscow people like literature and love reading. People who read newspapers and books can be seen everywhere in cars and subways. Many Muscovites have a wealth of books at home, and some even have their own family library.
In Moscow, there are extremely colorful forms of entertainment. You can watch a wonderful performance in Moscow Grand Petrov Theater, the oldest theater in Russia, or a first-class ballet in bolshoy Theater, the top theater in Russia (address: Moscow 1 Teatralnaya Square. ). It is also a good choice to watch circus and acrobatics in the circus (address: 7 Vernadsky Prospekt).
If you want to inquire about the performance, you can refer to the entertainment columns published in Moscow Times and Moscow Forum, or look for relevant information in the free English newspaper inserts regularly distributed by western restaurants, bars and foreign supermarkets.
Moscow International Film Festival
The largest international film festival in Russia (the former Soviet Union) is also one of the most important international film festivals in the world. Established on 1959. Biennale, changed from 1999 to annual, originally scheduled for July. To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the birth of Soviet film industry, 1979 was changed to August, lasting about two weeks, in Moscow. The main purpose of the film festival is to promote the exchange of experience and mutual cooperation among filmmakers from various countries by showing films with artistic value and ideological content. The main activities are as follows: ① feature films, children's films and short films are awarded by three jury members respectively; (2) Hold side screening and special screening; (3) Holding various symposiums respectively; (4) Holding retrospective exhibitions; ⑤ Open the film market. Feature film awards are initially divided into three categories: grand prize, gold prize and silver prize. From 1969, the grand prize will be cancelled and the number of gold and silver prizes will be increased accordingly. The above awards were awarded to the best feature film, children's film and short film respectively. In addition, there are the Best Director Award, Actor and Actress Award, Jury Special Award, Honor Award, Memorial Award, etc.
Urban politics
mayor
The current mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov 1993 (юрийлуков)
the State Duma
Moscow Duma elections are held every four years, with a total of 35 seats.
The last Duma election in Moscow was held on February 4, 65438. The result of the voting is that the United Russia Party, the largest party in Russia, holds 28 seats, the Russian Federation * * * Production Party кпрт holds 4 seats, and the United Democratic Party with Apple as the banner обт.
Moscow has independent land division, population, state power organs and local urban management departments, with city emblem, city flag and city song. The emblem of Moscow consists of a crimson shield with an aspect ratio of 8:9. The knight, facing to the right, dressed in silver armor and light blue cloak, stabbed a black snake-shaped monster with a sharp golden spear in his hand. It was founded on the basis of the legend of the snake demon in the Cross of George 178 1.
The flag of Moscow is crimson, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. The symbol of Moscow is located in the center of the national flag.
The Song of Moscow City was written by musician I·O· TuNajev based on the poem My Moscow.
Layout planning
197 1 year, the overall development plan of Moscow was adopted. The city layout is neat, annular and radial, including street ring, garden road ring, greater Moscow ring railway and Moscow ring from the inside out. The function and architectural style of each ring area are different, reflecting the different development stages of Moscow. The Kremlin Castle is located in the city center. It was the first Russian country in the early days and later became a symbol of the Soviet Union.
The city is divided into eight districts. Gorky Street is the main road and the most prosperous street in the city. Lenin Street is more than 50 meters wide, and Kalinin Street is the most modern street in this city. There are many gardens, street gardens, cultural parks and green belts in the city.
Moscow's urban layout is reasonable, with Red Square as the center, more than a dozen streets radiating in all directions, and several circular streets surrounding the city center layer by layer. The green area of Moscow accounts for 40% of the city's total area, including 1 1 natural forest area, 89 parks, more than 400 small parks and 100 street gardens.
The city is centered on the Kremlin and the red wall, with a circular and radial layout. There are nearly 4,000 streets and many ancient buildings in the city. Moscow can also be called a huge garden city with more than 500 parks and nature reserves.
Moscow has good ecological protection and strict law enforcement on environmental protection issues. 1997, more than 300 criminal cases against ecological damage were filed in Russia, of which 150 were filed in Moscow. Generally speaking, ecological protection accounts for 3% of the budget of big cities, and Moscow accounts for 5%. Lead-free gasoline has been implemented for a long time, but automobile exhaust emissions have accounted for 88% of the total pollution gas. Cities strengthen the detection of automobile exhaust, prohibit vehicles with excessive pollution from going on the road, and restrict the import and registration of used cars. Due to historical reasons, the per capita green space of 640,000 residents in the central city is only 9 square meters. The municipal government has decided that the municipal and district governments will allocate 2 million rubles every year to transform 6,000 small parks into nature reserves, and it is forbidden to build any buildings there. 1998, Moscow Mayor Luzhkov signed a resolution to open eight new nature reserves in the city, including Izmailo Bois de Vincennes Park, where President Yeltsin and other leaders live, and Sparrow Mountain (formerly Lenin Mountain), which is located near the factory area in the east of the city. Together with the original four nature reserves, the new nature reserve has a total area of 7200 hectares. Plus the street gardens and parks scattered in the city, the green area is * * * 24,000 hectares, accounting for about 40% of the city's area, and the per capita green space is more than 30 square meters, making it one of the best cities in the world. Luzhkov was awarded the "Best Ecologist in the World" award by the United Nations.
General situation of economy
resources
Mineral resources include lignite, peat and apatite.
industry
Moscow is the largest comprehensive industrial city in Russia, with complete industrial sectors, in which heavy industry and chemical industry are very developed, and machinery and instrument manufacturing accounts for more than half of the city's total industrial output value. The city is also the largest military industrial center, where aviation, aerospace and electronics industries are concentrated. The food industry and tobacco industry have developed rapidly. The total industrial output value ranks first in the country. Machinery manufacturing (machine tools, automobiles, motors, instruments, clocks and watches, etc.). ) accounts for more than half of the city's total industrial output value and the number of employees. Light industry (clothing and shoes), textiles, chemicals, food processing and printing are also well developed.
Moscow is a megacity with a population of over 6.5438+million, and it is an important transportation hub in Russia and even Eurasia. At the same time, Moscow is also an important industrial manufacturing center, with the total industrial output value ranking first in the country and complete industrial categories. There are more than 20,000 factories, including a large number of power machinery factories and manufacturers specializing in manufacturing machine tools, ships and precision instruments. At the same time, the city also develops various non-ferrous metal smelting industries, especially aluminum industry; In addition to heavy industry, the developed chemical industry, light industry and paper industry are also important components of Moscow industry. Before the October Revolution, Moscow was famous for its textile industry and was known as the "cloth city".
The Moscow government first builds and develops the capital free economy and free trade zone. The first choice is Zellionogleshelemitevo and Vnuko machine areas, as well as river ports in the west.
The development of economic banks and trading networks has played an important role in Russian financial market. At present, there are 1 000 commercial banks in the capital, 40% of which are Russians, and 90% of the investment and business activities carried out by Moscow Finance and Trade Network are carried out in Russia. Moscow's import and export business has been strongly supported by the customs; 248 customs ports provide entry and exit services.
1755 founded 75 institutions of higher learning such as Moscow University, Russian Academy of Sciences, many scientific research and design institutions and museums (65). Important satellite cities include Ljubiece, Metic, Nojinsk, Zagorsk and Polsk.
Industry and commerce
Before the October Revolution, Moscow was famous for its textile industry and was known as the "cloth city". Since then, it has become the largest industrial center in the Soviet Union and Russia, with the total industrial output value ranking first in the country, complete industrial categories and more than 20,000 factories. Machinery manufacturing and metal processing are the most important industries, and other industrial projects include automobile manufacturing, chemicals, textiles, electronics, aviation, food processing, wood processing, paper making, construction and printing. Machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, food processing and printing industry are developed, and suburban agriculture is also developed.
Local power stations use natural gas imported from Central Asia, North Caucasus and Volga-Urals as fuel. There are large natural gas reservoirs and pipelines around the city. The Grech, Ribinsk, Gorky, Samara and Volgograd hydropower stations on the Volga River supply power to Moscow through high-voltage transmission lines. There is a thermal power station in the east of the city.
Moscow is also the largest commercial center in CIS, and the largest commercial and financial offices in Russia are located here. It has the headquarters of national banks and insurance institutions and 66 large department stores, among which Children's World, Central Department Store and National Department Store are the largest.
Natural science education
Moscow is the national center of science, technology and culture, with many educational facilities, including 1433 general education schools and 84 institutions of higher learning. The most famous university is Lomonosov Moscow State University (with more than 26,000 students). Lenin Library is the second largest library in the world, with 35.7 million books (1995). Every year, 40,000 kinds of books are published and nearly 3,600 kinds of publications are issued. There are more than 1000 scientific research institutions and more than 200,000 scientific workers. Among them are the Russian Academy of Sciences, known as the Russian Science Center, and more than 90 other scientific institutions, including 78 scientific research institutions and research institutes in art, medicine, education and agriculture. There are also a large number of research institutes, various colleges, museums, theaters, libraries and branches of these facilities.
Now there are 72 theaters, 109 cinemas, 3 1 concert halls, 78 museums and 142 exhibition halls in Moscow. Among them, the National Grand Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre, the National Central Puppet Theatre, the Moscow National Circus and the Russian National Symphony Orchestra enjoy world reputation. Among the art galleries, there are the National Pushkin Plastic Art Museum, the tretyakov Art Museum, the Weapons Museum (in the Kremlin) and the National History Museum.
There are 65,438+0,970 large stadiums (with more than 65,438+0,500 seats) and 96 stadiums, of which the Olympic Stadium covers an area of 65,438+0,654,38+0,557 square meters, and 65,438+0,980, where the 22nd Olympic Games was held. There are also 65 swimming pools, 2,900 football fields, 1, 200 gyms, 4 racecourses, 1, 600 basketball and volleyball courts.
Medical facilities include 193 hospital and 1000 clinic.
Exercise:
Moscow occupies a special position in Russia because of its politics and economy, and the sports teams of various sports in the city also occupy a decisive position in Russia. Many teams are strong teams even in Europe, winning one honor after another for Moscow and Russia.
soccer
Dynamo Moscow Football Club
Moscow locomotive football club
Sparta Moscow Football Club
Moscow Torpedo Football Club
Moscow football club
CSKA Moscow Football Club
indoor football
Dynamo Moscow Football Club
Sparta Moscow Football Club
CSKA Moscow Football Club
ice hockey
Dynamo Ice Hockey Club Moscow
Sparta Moscow Ice Hockey Club
Moscow CSKA Ice Hockey Club
Soviet union
basketball
Dynamo Moscow Basketball Club
Moscow CSKA basketball club
volleyball
Dynamo Volleyball Club Moscow
equestrian polo
Dinamo Water Polo Club in Moscow
Communications and telecommunications
traffic
Moscow has developed transportation and is the hub of China's railways, highways, river transportation and aviation. Electrified railways and highways extend in all directions.
As the center of Russian railway system, the freight volume of Moscow accounts for about110 of the national total. There are 9 passenger stations in the city, and a 550-kilometer-long Great Ring Railway is built on the periphery about 50 kilometers away from the urban area. The railway leads to St. Petersburg, Kirov, Kiev, Vladivostok, Kharkov, Donbass, Minsk, Warsaw, Berlin and other domestic and foreign cities, as well as the Urals, the lower reaches of the Volga River, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Crimea, Siberia, the Baltic Sea and other regions.
The subway is the largest passenger transport in Moscow. There are 8 subway lines in the city, with an operating mileage of 212.5km (1995).
Moscow river flows through the urban area and has three river ports. The excavation of the Moscow Canal will connect moscow river with the Volga River, and the water traffic can reach the sea directly. After the opening of the Volga-Don Canal, Moscow became the "five seaports" of the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea, and the annual freight volume of the three local river ports reached 29 million tons.
As the center of CIS aviation network, Moscow has four airports, with direct flights to most European capitals and foreign cities such as new york, Montreal and Tokyo, and international shipping services to 97 countries and 122 cities. Urban traffic is relatively developed, with subways and buses as the main tools, and private cars are increasing steadily.
Moscow is an important international airport. The largest railway hub in China (1/the starting point of the railway line) has an underground railway (1opened to traffic in 935). There are canals connecting Volga River, White Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea and Caspian Sea.
Moscow's urban layout is reasonable, with Red Square as the center, more than a dozen streets radiating in all directions, and several circular streets surrounding the city center layer by layer. There are 1 1 electrified railways and 13 expressways in the city leading to all directions. Nine passenger train stations, five airports, eight subways and subway lines spread radially and annularly all over the city, with a total length of nearly 200 kilometers. The subway bears more than 40% of the city's passenger flow.
There is a Moscow subway in the city. Because it is close to moscow river and connects the Moscow Canal and the Volga-Don Canal, it has the reputation of "the port of five seas".
Go sightseeing
As the capital of Russia and the largest city in Europe, Moscow is the political, economic, financial, scientific and artistic center of Russia. There are many places of interest. There are 1 1 natural forest areas, 98 parks and more than 800 street gardens in the city. Red Square and the Kremlin are downtown areas. There is Lenin's mausoleum on Red Square.
Moscow is a famous tourist city in Russia, with a high green area and the reputation of "the capital in the forest". There are also a lot of humanistic classics in the city.
The Kremlin is the palace of Russian czars, which is magnificent and world-famous. The former Congress of supreme soviet of the ussr and the former Congress of the Soviet Union were held in the Kremlin. There are exquisite churches, palaces, bell towers and towers in the Kremlin castle, which is magnificent and world-famous. In the central church square of the Kremlin, there are the majestic cathedral of the assumption of the Virgin Mary, the solemn church of good news and the cathedral of angels, which contain the cemetery of the former Moscow emperor Peter the Great. On the east side of the Kremlin is Red Square, which is the center of national ceremonies. There is Lenin's mausoleum in the Red Square, and Pokrovski Church at the south end (1554- 1560). The Garden Road Ring is mainly composed of government agencies and commercial areas, where most state agencies and major hotels, shops, theaters, museums, art galleries, libraries and former sites of economic and trade associations are built. There are many factories, railway stations and freight yards between Huayuan Road Ring Road and Ring Railway.
Other places of interest include the bell tower of Novodevich convent, the Presidium of the former Soviet Academy of Sciences, Lenin Central Gymnasium, Ukrainian Hotel and Moscow State University. Outside the railways around the city are factories and residential areas developed in the 1960s and 1970s.
Sculpture is a unique decoration in Moscow, and statues and monuments carved with bronze or marble stand in many places. There are 1 1 natural forest areas in the city, nearly 100 parks with an area of about 2000 hectares, and there are more than 800 street gardens in the urban area.
On the outskirts of Moscow, there are the New Notre Dame Monastery, the Trojan Orthodox Monastery and the simonov Monastery. The suburban villages of Hostains, namely Silver Pine Forest, Himki and Keno, are lush and beautiful.
Main tourist attractions:
Kremlin
Red Square (in Moscow)
Moscow Metro
Tretyakov Art Museum
Pushkin art museum
New virgin cemetery
Panoramic Museum of Borodino Battle
National Economic Achievement Exhibition Center (All-Russian Exhibition Center)
Armed forces museum
Keno, host (manor, theater, TV tower)
Arbat avenue
Red Square: Located in the city center, covering an area of 9 1 1,000 square meters. The name of "Red Square" was confirmed by Tsar 1658, which means "Beautiful Square". It has the red walls and three pagodas of the Kremlin in the west, Xili Church in the south and a red brick and silver-topped historical museum in the north.
Kremlin: More than 800 years ago, a Russian named Yuri? The maharaja of Dolgoruki built a castle here (the original meaning of the word "Kremlin" is "castle"), which is the prototype of the Kremlin. The best Russian classical architecture and cultural heritages are preserved here, namely: the Bell King, the Gun King, the Usbinski, the Arhanghelschi, the St. Blagoveshchensky, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the church square, the Grand Kremlin and the Weapons Museum.
Lenin's Mausoleum: Lenin died in 1924 and was buried here. The stately red granite building is located in the center of the west side of Red Square. Lenin's body is buried in a crystal coffin and is open to the public regularly. The remains and ashes of Stalin and other famous leaders of the former Soviet Union were buried under the red wall behind Lenin's mausoleum.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and Alexander Garden: Alexander Garden is located outside the red wall of the Kremlin, which is one of the favorite places for Moscow people to rest and play. In the garden built by 1967, there is an immortal torch in front of the tomb of the martyrs. Foreign delegations usually come here to lay wreaths when they visit.
Moscow river: Moscow is 502 kilometers long and flows through the whole of Moscow for about 80 kilometers. The river is generally 200 meters wide, with a maximum width of 1 km. You can cruise moscow river by yacht, with beautiful and unique scenery along the way.
Moscow University Observation Deck Sparrow Mountain: Sparrow Mountain is a famous scenic spot. The observation deck is located on Sparrow Mountain, facing the main entrance of Moscow University, overlooking moscow river and the urban area; Moscow University was built in 1755, and the university scale is very grand. The main building is 240 meters high, with 33 floors and more than 30,000 rooms. It has been calculated that if a person lives in one room a day, he will not live for a lifetime.
Museums: The main museums are: Moscow National Calendar Museum, Pushkin Plastic Art Museum (with a collection of 543,000 ancient artworks and more than 3,000 famous paintings), tretyakov Art Museum, Oriental People's Art Museum, Central Lenin Museum, Great Patriotic War Museum (in Victory Park), Central Armed Forces Museum, Arc de Triomphe and Panorama Museum, Comprehensive Technology Museum and Serf Creation Museum.
All-Russia Exhibition Center (formerly National Economic Achievement Exhibition Hall): covers an area of 300 hectares and has a perimeter of 35 kilometers. It is a magnificent exhibition hall, displaying the latest scientific and technological achievements, a good place to broaden one's horizons and increase one's knowledge, and also a scenic tourist attraction. The fountain in the center is very famous, with novel design and originality. The first artificial satellite in human history and the spacesuit worn by the first astronaut are unique treasures in the world.
Moscow TV Tower: Built in 1967, the tower is 573.5 meters high. It is the tallest building in Europe and the second tallest building in the world. It has a revolving restaurant called "7th heaven", which sells goods all over the world.