A brief history and trend of sports health care 1. A brief history of sports health care is an applied science to study the laws and measures of health care in physical fitness and health education and sports, and it is a branch of sports medicine, so tracing the occurrence and development of sports health care should start from sports medicine. Sports medicine is an interdisciplinary subject formed by the mutual infiltration of medicine and sports science. It studies the influence of exercise on the body and discusses all medical problems related to exercise. It uses medical knowledge and means to guide sports, exercise and prevent diseases. It belongs to a comprehensive applied science, closely related to basic medicine, preventive medicine, medical medicine and rehabilitation medicine, and gradually formed with the development of sports and the need of scientific division of labor. The background of sports medicine can be traced back to 3000 years ago. China and other ancient civilizations all had early medical gymnastics and massage techniques. The classic work of traditional Chinese medicine Huangdi Neijing (written around 400 BC) has mentioned the introduction (breathing gymnastics) and massage to treat diseases, and also used them to prevent diseases, keep fit and prolong life. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo, the originator of surgery of traditional Chinese medicine, compiled Five Birds Play to exercise, pointing out that "if you are unwell, you should practice Five Birds Play, and when you stop sweating, you will feel relaxed and think about food at the same time." Later, Yijinjing, Baduanjin (gymnastics), Tai Ji Chuan and Wushu were widely spread among the people and became mass sports activities and competitive sports, which played a good health care role in strengthening physical fitness and preventing diseases. In the early 1920s, specialized sports medical organizations appeared in Switzerland (1922) and Germany (1924) in Europe. The International Federation of Sports Medicine (fims) was formally established on 1928. Medical sports were also used for medical treatment and prevention in the medicine of the first socialist country-the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union also published the first medical sports reference book "Sports in Soviet Sanatorium" in 1925. With the development of people's health care in the former Soviet Union, the medical exercise method has been widely developed in industrial and mining hospitals and sanatoriums, and it is closely related to the development of sports science in the former Soviet Union. The word "medical movement" was popularized in the medical literature of the former Soviet Union after the publication of the first guide book on medical movement (1929). After the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War, the medical rehabilitation of thousands of sick, injured and disabled people in the former Soviet Union became an urgent task for medical workers. Because the superior social system has promoted the all-round development of industry, agriculture and science, medical care, culture, education and sports have also attracted much attention, creating good conditions for the combination of medical care and sports. Basic research such as sports physiology and anatomy and applied research such as sports injury prevention and treatment promote each other, resulting in more detailed specialties, forming sports health care, constructing the basic framework of "sports medicine" and gradually incorporating it into the courses of physical education colleges and medical colleges. 65438-0955, medical sports experts from the former Soviet Union came to Beijing to give lectures. They used terms such as "sports doctor supervision and medical sports" and "sports medical supervision and medical sports". From 65438 to 0958, China sent a delegation to Moscow to attend the 12th Congress of the International Federation of Sports Medicine, which was renamed "Sports Medicine" after returning home. Almost at the same time, the former Soviet Union published the monograph Sports Medicine, which was translated into Chinese on 1959 and published by People's Sports Publishing House. This marks the birth of a new frontier discipline-sports medicine. China Sports Medicine Association was founded in 1978, and was approved as a member by fims in the same year. In recent years, with the development of modern science such as medicine and sports science, according to the improvement of competitive sports level, the extensive development of mass sports activities and the needs of the sick and disabled for sports medical rehabilitation, the connotation of sports medicine has been enriched, enriched and developed, and it has become a main course of physical education. During the period of 1982, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education Press organized physical education teachers in some normal schools in China. Referring to the sports medicine textbook used by the former Institute of Physical Education, they compiled a textbook suitable for normal universities-sports health care. The task of sports health care is to provide scientific basis for physical education teaching, training and competition by studying the physical development, health status and training level of sports participants; To study whether the organization and methods of physical education teaching, sports, training and competition conform to the physical characteristics of sports participants and provide medical guidance; To study various external factors affecting the health of sports participants and formulate corresponding health measures; To study the occurrence law and prevention methods of sports injuries; To study the methods of fitness, disease prevention, bodybuilding and medical rehabilitation for the sick and disabled through physical exercise, so as to promote the physical development and health of sports participants more effectively, give full play to their sports potential, improve their technical level as soon as possible, speed up the rehabilitation of the injured, enhance the physical quality of the whole nation, and improve their quality of life and comprehensive national strength. The content of sports health care is very rich, which is closely related to many aspects of medicine and promotes each other, including sports health, sports nutrition, sports medical supervision, sports disease prevention, sports trauma, sports rehabilitation (medical sports and massage therapy) and so on. The development of sports health care needs to draw nutrition from the new achievements of basic medicine, preventive medicine, medicine and rehabilitation medicine, and at the same time constantly put forward new topics and new requirements for them to promote the all-round progress and improvement of medicine. Second, the development trend of sports health care At present, the research field of sports health care is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the rapid development of mass sports activities urgently needs the popularization of sports medical knowledge. With the social stability, economic prosperity, the development of culture and education, and the improvement of living standards, participating in various sports has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Therefore, sports health care will become an inevitable demand of people, and scientific exercise will be carried out with the help and guidance of sports health care knowledge to improve physical fitness and health level. However, in the future information society, with developed transportation, highly automated production and modern office, the opportunities for physical activities are decreasing, and metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and sports insufficiency diseases such as degenerative diseases (also known as "civilized diseases") are increasing; Children are also overnourished and neglect physical exercise, which leads to a decline in physical fitness and more obese children; The trend of population aging is obvious, and many provinces and cities have entered the aging society one after another, and the aging problem will become more prominent in the next century. Maintaining the health of the elderly, enabling them to have certain activity ability, improving the quality of life and reducing the burden on families and society will surely become the focus of the whole society. Similarly, due to the acceleration of social industrialization, accidents in transportation, industrial and agricultural production and family life have increased, the disease structure has changed, and the number of disabled people in society has also increased accordingly. Social and sports doctors urgently need to solve their health care, treatment, vocational training and social welfare problems, and put forward higher requirements for sports rehabilitation. On the other hand, with the rapid development of competitive sports in the world, the Olympic spirit encourages people to climb in the direction of "faster, higher and stronger", constantly impacting the physiological limit and posing a severe challenge to the depth and breadth of sports health care. At present, although the level of competitive sports has reached a high level, it is still required to further improve sports performance on the existing basis. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen scientific training, improve training methods, reasonably increase sports intensity and create updated records. In fact, for half a century, sports achievements have been continuously improved and world records have been constantly refreshed. The men's records in some events were broken by female athletes today. In the past, only men participated in weightlifting, football, wrestling and other events, and there were battlefields where women competed. This is mainly due to social development and scientific training, which makes the human body play a greater potential. Future sports scientists and sports doctors are still faced with the problem of exploring the limits of human sports. The development of new technology and new disciplines has shown its power in improving sports performance, such as the application of computer and biomechanical analysis, which has repeatedly broken world records. In addition, with the application of bioengineering materials and energy in human body, stadiums and sports training, the physiological limit of human movement may be completely broken, and the research results of human science convincingly show us a bright future. Medical and technical problems such as prevention and treatment of sports injuries and diseases, research on nutritional supplements, application of biomechanical methods and anti-doping need to be developed urgently to meet the needs of the new situation of competitive sports development. Articular cartilage injury is a kind of sports injury that has great influence on athletes' training and competition and is difficult to cure. In addition to scientific training and active prevention and treatment of damaged cartilage, we will mainly study the replacement of articular cartilage with biological or non-biological substances such as allogeneic cartilage transplantation in the future. The research on muscle, epiphysis and ligament injury will focus on the changes of pathological ultrastructure and biochemical components (enzymes and subcellular structure) after injury. ), simulating sports injury, biomechanics of ligament, unstable mechanical properties after injury by experimental pathological means, and reconstructing artificial ligament by computer technology. At the present stage of competitive sports development, developing nutritional supplements has become a powerful means to improve sports performance. With the application of puncture technology and non-invasive detection, the research on the relationship between trace elements, microcirculation and sports ability is being actively carried out. Mass sports activities are the foundation of competitive sports, and competitive sports are the goal and motivation of group activities. They promote each other and develop together. New research contents will emerge and develop continuously. Such as exercise and endocrine, exercise and immunity, exercise and microcirculation, molecular biology research of exercise, etc. Will eventually reveal the mystery of life and the important role played by sports. Sports health care will become a scientific knowledge shared by all mankind. Multidisciplinary comprehensive research will be more extensive. The general trend of modern science and technology development and the characteristics of comprehensive applied science of sports health care science determine that it must rely more and more on the cooperative research and mutual combination of multiple disciplines in the research process, forming more and more updated interdisciplinary subjects. In the theoretical research of modern sports health care, not only the knowledge of clinical medicine, preventive medicine and rehabilitation medicine is needed, but also the extensive application of sports science, psychology, biology, physics, chemistry and social science. Modern high-tech science, technology and methods are constantly introduced into sports health care, which further promotes the development of sports health care. Data statistics and modern computing technology characterized by electronic computers are also playing an increasingly important role in the field of sports health care. With the world's new technological revolution and the rapid development and mutual penetration of medicine, biology, physical education and other disciplines, new detection technologies and means are constantly emerging, and all branches of sports medicine are bound to make breakthroughs and innovations. Sports health care is a compulsory basic theoretical course for physical education majors. More and more medical colleges and universities also offer this course, and many hospitals also offer physiotherapy clinics. Sports scientific research institutions have established sports health research institutes and sports medicine research institutes. This has played an extremely important role in the in-depth development of sports health care. The relationship between energy metabolism, nutritional factors and exercise ability in exercise, the physiological mechanism of exercise fatigue, the relationship between sports diseases such as fatigue and metabolism, endocrine and immunity, the prevention and rehabilitation of stress injury caused by exercise training, aerobic and anaerobic training, the physiological characteristics of training for women, children and the elderly, and exercise prescriptions for various diseases will be further studied. With the full implementation of the National Sports Law and the promotion of "national fitness activities", the development prospect of sports health care in China will be broader.