Eight benefits of playing basketball 1. Training the nervous system to react Playing basketball can train the brain's thinking and judgment ability, as well as the speed of the body's second reflex action after thinking. Nervous system: The nervous system is divided into central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system includes somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. 2. Brain: The structure of the brain is mainly divided into four parts: brain, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem. In addition, the brain has twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and skulls around the brain protect the brain. If there is hypoxia in the brain, it will cause paralysis, mental disorders, seizures and even death in severe cases. If the brain lacks glucose, it may lead to dizziness, convulsions or unconsciousness. 3. Brain: The brain is the largest structure of the brain, which can be divided into frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. There are structures such as gyrus, fissure and sulcus on the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex can be divided into motor area, sensory area and joint area. Motor area is the part that controls muscle activity, sensory area is the part that interprets sensory nerve impulses, and joint area is related to the derivation of emotion and intelligence. Muscle activity can also be controlled by the basal ganglia of the cerebral hemisphere. As for the emotional expression of behavior and memory, it is controlled by the limbic system located in the hemisphere and diencephalon. The brain can be divided into left hemisphere and right hemisphere. The left hemisphere is in charge of language ability, while the right hemisphere is in charge of language sense, most feelings and visual analysis outside language. 4. Cerebellum: The position of the cerebellum is below the back of the brain. Its function is to coordinate skeletal muscle activities and maintain posture and body balance. 5. diencephalon: diencephalon consists of hypothalamus and lower hypothalamus. The thalamus can transmit all sensory nerve impulses to the cerebral cortex except the sense of smell, and can also distinguish the nature of pain, temperature and pressure. Hypothalamus is in charge of autonomic nervous system, which is a bridge between nervous system and endocrine system, and can control body temperature, food and liquid intake, waking state and sleeping state. 6. Brain stem: The brain stem, commonly known as the life center, is divided into three parts: medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. 7. The medulla oblongata refers to the part above the spinal cord that extends to the brain. The nucleus inside can be used as a reflex center for regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction (controlling blood pressure), swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing and burping. 8. The pons are located above the medulla oblongata and can be used as a bridge between the spinal cord and the brain or between different parts of the brain. It can transmit nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal muscle movement from cerebral cortex to cerebellum. The pons also has a breathing regulation center, which can help control breathing. 9. The midbrain connects pons and diencephalons. It transmits motor nerve impulses from brain to cerebellum and spinal cord, and sensory nerve impulses from spinal cord to thalamus. It can control auditory reflex and visual reflex. 10. Cranial nerves: The cranial nerves are named according to the parts and functions that dominate the body, and they are olfactory nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, external rotation nerve, facial nerve, auditory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve in turn. 1 1. Spinal cord: The main function of the spinal cord is to transmit sensory nerve impulses around the body to the brain and motor nerve impulses around the body. Another function is as a reflex center; Reflection refers to the rapid and involuntary response of the human body through the reflex arc of the nerve after being stimulated, so reflection is the main mechanism for the human body to cope with changes in the internal and external environment. 12. autonomic nervous system: the autonomic nervous system can control visceral activities and regulate endocrine, usually without conscious control. It is also controlled by the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Nervous system health care: don't race, wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle to avoid nervous system damage caused by dangerous body movements. 2. Training Sensory System Reaction Playing basketball can train the sensitivity of eye vision and ear hearing. ※. Sensory system: Sensory system includes the senses of eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. Eyes: The main part of the eyes is the eyeball. ※. The structure of eyeball can be divided into three layers: 1. Fibrous layer, including sclera and cornea. 2. Vascular layer, including choroid, ciliary body and iris. 3. Retina, including rod cells and cone cells. The accessory structures of the eye include eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes and lacrimal apparatus. Vision is produced by transforming light into visual nerve impulses through rod cells and cone cells in the eyes. Through the transmission of retina, optic nerve, optic nerve intersection, optic tract and thalamus, we can see various pictures when we reach the visual area of cerebral cortex. Ear: Ear can be divided into outer ear, middle ear and inner ear, which are organs of hearing and balance. Hearing is that sound waves hit the eardrum after entering the external auditory canal, pass through the ossicles to the oval window, and form waves in the external lymph, causing the vibration of the vestibular membrane and the tympanic step, and the pressure of the internal lymph increases, pressing the basement membrane and stimulating Corti's organ, thus generating auditory nerve impulses, so that we can hear sounds. Nose: The nose can breathe and is also an olfactory organ. Olfactory receptor cells are located in nasal epithelial tissue, which can transmit nerve impulses to the olfactory region of cerebral cortex through olfactory bulb and olfactory tract, and we will smell different smells. Tongue: The tongue is the organ of taste, and the taste receptors are located in the taste buds of the tongue, which can transmit nerve impulses to the taste area of the cerebral cortex through the cranial nerve and thalamus, making us feel sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty and astringent. Skin sensation: Skin sensation includes touch, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain. These sensory receptors are located at both ends of the skin (or connective tissue) and digestive tract. Skin receptors are irregularly distributed on the whole body surface, so some parts are dense and some parts are few. Those parts with dense receptors will have higher sensitivity, while those parts with fewer receptors will have lower sensitivity. The following is the order of sensitivity of various parts of the body from high to low: tip of the tongue, fingertips, side of nose, back of hand and back of neck. Sensory system health care: pay attention to daily body cleaning and proper protection. 3. Training the function of skeletal muscle system Playing basketball can train the muscle activity and strength of the whole body, and at the same time, it can also train endurance and improve body shape; Training the coordination and agility of joints can also promote the bone development of growing young friends and make you grow taller. Skeletal muscle system: The skeletal system includes all the bones of the whole body, as well as the attached cartilage and joints of the whole body. Muscle system includes all muscle tissues of human body, which can be divided into skeletal muscle, organ smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. ※. Muscle can perform three important functions through contraction reaction: exercise, posture maintenance and heat production. The basic function of the skeletal system is to support the soft tissues of the body, and maintain the figure and standing posture. It can protect the delicate structures of the head and chest-brain, spinal cord, lungs, heart and great blood vessels. Bone can be used as a lever, and muscles can be attached to it. When muscles contract, they can act with bone as a fulcrum. Bone can be used as a storage place for minerals, especially calcium, phosphorus and fat. Blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow of bones and are called hematopoiesis. Red bone marrow contains immature blood cells, fat cells and macrophages, which can produce red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets. Types and numbers of bones There are 206 bones in the human body, which can be divided into long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. The growth and development of bone replacement is related to the balance between bone synthesis and bone destruction. Old bone has been destroyed by osteoblasts, and new bone has been produced by osteoblasts, which is called remodeling. The normal development of bones is related to calcium, phosphorus and vitamins (A.C.D) and controlled by some hormones, which are responsible for the mineralization and absorption of bones. Health care of skeletal muscle system: have enough calcium and vitamins in daily diet, maintain correct body posture, avoid overloaded items and avoid racing. 4. Enhance the function of the circulatory system. Playing basketball can enhance myocardial contractility and cardiac load capacity. Circulatory system: The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels and blood. The average person's heart is to the left, between the lungs, and nearly two-thirds of the volume is on the left side of the midline of the body. There are four kinds of blood circulation to maintain body function: systemic circulation, cardiac circulation, hepatic portal circulation and pulmonary circulation. Systemic circulation: systemic circulation sends aerobic blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to all parts of the body, including the lungs. After blood is exchanged in various parts of the body, it returns to the heart through systemic veins. All venous blood circulating in the system returns to the heart through the following three veins: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Finally, the blood enters the right atrium.