First, skirt dance
The origin of Huangling skirt dance, like other dances, is also the "witchcraft" and "martial arts" of ancient sacrificial music and dance. It was created by our ancestors out of awe of the God of Heaven and Earth, and was used in the sacrificial activities of the God of Heaven and Earth and the ancestor Xuanyuan Huangdi. Over time, with the further development of history, it is mainly used to congratulate the Spring Festival and pray for a good harvest, mainly between urban and rural areas and between neighbors and relatives. The government and the people have fun together, and the ruling and opposition parties celebrate * * *, and the romance is auspicious, whitewashing peace. Show skills and talents, publicize financial resources and folk customs, promote exchanges, enhance unity, link friendship and continue history. Dance steps twist and dance, songs shake for a hundred years, perfect in continuation, set patterns in practice, and gradually form established programs.
According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Jing, a village in Qiaogou, about ten miles southeast of Huangling County, once served in the court Yuefu, and was an official of the Imperial Court. According to the legend of Huangling people, Liu Gonggong mainly rehearsed songs and dances for Gonge Cainv in North Korea. After leaving his post and returning to his hometown, on the basis of the sacrificial dance in Huangling, he integrated the court dance, perfected and enriched the performance skills and lyrics, and injected the charm of the court dance into it. Huangling skirt dance has made a more complete leap, which is obviously different from other places. So Huangling's yangko is a dance, not a dance.
The costumes, props, and makeup of the skirt dance in ancient times were very simple, and the female characters were disguised as female makeup: a black silk gauze on the top of the head replaced the hair to the heel, the forehead was pleated with colored paper into a peacock-like headdress, and a bunch of flowers on the top of the head were pleated with red silk. The remaining strips of cloth on both sides hang down to the chest, shoulders behind the ears, wearing the bride's close-fitting little red coat, colorful skirts and trousers, and a white skirt tied tightly to her chest. The performance skills of this kind of skirt dance mainly lie in the skills of female corner dance and skirt binding, so it is also called "skirt lifting".
Under the guidance of "handyman" (male), the female corner tied her skirt while dancing and followed closely. She moves like a cicada, dances like a butterfly, floats like water, swims like a cloud, is graceful, flies, and wraps her knees around her waist. When performing at night, if you are a fairy in the fog under the lotus lamp held by the handyman's left hand, it's like dreaming. It's called:
Phoenix with One Wing, Phoenix with Two Wings, Peacock with Three Nodes, and Moth with Lantern. Shy, delicate, quiet and elegant, simple and peaceful. It really shows the feminine beauty of women in the loess plateau in southern Shaanxi, and it is the mainstream in skirt dance. A few urchins in the Yangko team, dressed as clowns with two upright pigtails on their heads, hung a string bell around the donkey's neck, which was bold and lively in the occasion, making the donkey string bell jingle. The old woman played by the Yangko team is dressed as a clown, with a pair of wooden fake feet, embroidered shoes and wide trouser legs. Covering your real feet, using firecrackers or red pepper horns as earrings, using donkey eyes as bras, holding a big wooden stick or something commonly used by peasant women, red face and white eye sockets can all make people laugh.
In the performance of the queue, there are also many acrobatics mentioned above, which make the scene warm, cheerful and funny.
The performance formation changes include white mane, phoenix peony, Erlong Pearl, scorpion upside down, lotus in full bloom and so on. Youlong, Xiangfeng, Beidou, Bunong Palace, Eryi Sifang, Bagua Jiugong, etc. wander freely, unpredictable, implying humanistic thoughts and hidden mysteries.
In the dense drum music, after a round of dancing, a Huangling yangko (a folk song) was sung loudly, and the drums immediately became active and entered a warm performance. After the skirt dance performance, the fierce sound of gongs and drums sent other folk dances, roller boats and acrobatics to the venue for performance.
Second, the whole body rings.
The "overlord whip" popular in Huangling is a kind of folk dance art with the rhythm of touching Hua Gun as the main means of expression. The performer holds a hollow bamboo pole with a length of about 80 cm and a diameter of about 3 cm in his right hand. To make noise, make one or three small holes in the vertical direction at both ends. Five or six copper coins or a small bell are placed in the inner cavity with thin iron wire, and the surface of the bamboo pole is coated with various colors or pigments. Then wrap it with colorful paper or cloth every three or five centimeters, and tie red tassels made of hemp rope at both ends. Its shape is similar to that of Strafe of Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, so it is called by the people. The actors are dressed in colorful clothes, with small bells sewn on their shoulders, knees, wrists and shoes. During the performance, they beat their limbs or other people's Hua Gun with their hands according to the rhythm of the music, and kept making choking sounds, singing and dancing with folk songs. It is said that BC 1 10 (the first year of Yuanfeng) was 65438 BC. Because there are many empty slots at both ends of the "overlord whip", there are several movable copper coins in the slot. When the whip is gently shaken and hit, it will make a "brush" copper coin sound, which is lively and powerful. Dancers sometimes whip with their hands, sometimes kick the whip with their feet, and sometimes touch their bodies with the whip. From top to bottom, shoulders, back, waist, legs and feet are everywhere, and every collision makes a pleasant sound, so it is also called "full body ring".
The "overlord whip" has been circulating in huangling county for a long time. Because of its free form, simple props and beautiful dance, it is deeply loved by the masses and easy to spread and popularize. Now the overlord whip circulated in Huangling is processed by literary and art workers on the basis of the traditional overlord whip. In terms of dance movements and aesthetic feeling, the emphasis is on rendering, which makes the movements exaggerated, dynamic and meticulous, the arrangement and scheduling methods are rich and changeable, the scene fluctuates greatly, and the dynamic and static contrast is strong, forming a unique regional style.
"overlord whip" can be divided into low-handed whip, high-handed whip and flying whip according to its movements; According to its speed, it can be divided into static whip and dynamic whip; According to the size of the site, it can be divided into square whip and table whip. The number of square whips can reach 100, and the number of table whips can reach more than 10, which is flexible and changeable.
Third, run a bamboo horse
Huangling Zhuma Run is a legendary war scene in ancient times. A war horse is made into a fake horse with a big hole in the middle, that is, a mold is made of mud, with multiple layers of hemp paper on the surface, and then painted with red, white, black and yellow after demoulding. Tie one's mane, ears, eyes, etc When the actor enters the arena, he goes in through the big hole in the middle and hangs it on his shoulder. He wore the costume of an ancient general (just a costume), made up his face and used pheasant feathers as feathers. Insert colorful triangular flags, cover your legs with shirts, and hold weapons such as spears or broadswords according to their respective roles.
Characters determine the number of generals with specific stories. Every general is equipped with a horse tag or a flag bearer, wearing a samurai costume and holding a flag. The name of the general is written in the center of the flag, and the four corners are decorated with patterns. They walked in front of the generals, waving flags. Every general is also equipped with a stable boy, who is required to know a little martial arts, can play wheels (tiger jump), somersault (small somersault), plant piles (take the top) and walk behind the general, which belongs to the role of leading and driving horses.
During the performance, there were fierce gongs and drums and whistles (whistles) to cheer. The scene was warm and spectacular, and it was magnificent, performing and singing for a while.
Fourth, dumbbell dance
Dumbbell Dance is a hollow wooden stick (dumbbell) with a diameter of about 8 cm and a length of about 30 cm for each hand. During the performance, the performer holds the dumbbells tightly with both hands, sometimes on his chest, sometimes on his back or head, or with his legs spread apart, so that the tops of the two dumbbells collide with each other and make a crisp and pleasant sound according to the music rhythm. At the same time, he sings yangko (a folk song), with a light and clear rhythm, both rigidity and softness. He can play alone or with others. There is no limit to the number of people, half male and half female.
Five, bamboo dance
Bamboo board dance is a male horn holding a bamboo board for performing Allegro in his left hand and a serrated bamboo board about 30 cm long and 2 cm wide in his right hand. The female horn holds two bamboo boards with a length of about 40 cm and a width of about 3 cm in each hand, and holds one end with the handle, and the index finger is sandwiched between the two bamboo boards. Male and female horns beat their bamboo boards according to the rhythm of music. Accompanied by yangko, changing posture, making various dance movements, the number is unlimited, half male and half female.
Six, disc dance
The dish dance is a porcelain dish held by the male and female corners, with the ring finger and the little finger grasping the edge of the dish, and the bottom of the dish is close to the palm, thumb, forefinger and middle finger with a pair of bamboo chopsticks, and the center in front of the dish is tapped according to the music rhythm, making a crisp and pleasant dripping sound. Change posture, make various dance moves, and sing yangko while dancing. There is no limit to the number of people, half male and half female. Novel form and elegant scene.
Seven, candle dance
Candle dance is a small dish held by male and female horns. There is a lighted candle about 8 cm high in the center of the dish, waving with both arms. Because the candle can only stand upright, it can't tilt, so it looks like hitting Tai Ji Chuan when performing. And there is a lyrical and melodious yangko accompaniment. There is no limit to the number of people, half male and half female.
Eight, juggling
1. Eight-treasure chain lamp: use two big lotus lamps with wooden wheels in the middle and lower part. The lower wooden wheel touches the ground to drive the lotus lantern, and one behind the yangko team turns forward and the other backwards.
2. The little mouse marries the girl: a yangko team composed of mice plays the roles of welcoming guests, seeing off guests, suona players, gongs and drums players, flag-waving guards, sedan-chair brides and bridegrooms riding fake horses. Very funny and humorous.
3, two bald heads: that is, two gourds are made into two bald heads, and the performer carries a pair of pants and wears shoes on his hands. The two gourd heads are facing up like two heads, making two artificial arms and hands, hugging each other, and the performer's arms and legs are doing different movements. It looks like two bald men are fighting, and many people can perform.
4. The struggle between the crane and the mussel: The crane is dressed as a male horn and wears a tall hat on his head. The top of the hat looks like a crane's head, and the middle part is slender. The lower part is made into a crane neck and worn on the actor's head, wearing a crane sweater and wearing crane wings on his arms and legs. The thinner the better, the feet are made into crane claws. Clam is an ancient makeup artist, dressed as a delicate girl by actors. Carrying two big clam shells that can wrap people. During the performance, mussels kept flashing their double shells and danced back and forth, tempting and teasing the distant cranes. When the crane tried to catch the clam, the clam immediately closed its shell and tried to clamp the crane's mouth. The crane immediately retreated to avoid it. It's so funny and touching, until the crane catches the clam and the clam catches the crane's mouth, no one can shake it off. This is the story of the struggle between cranes and mussels, and the fisherman gains.
5. Dry boat running: The dry boat running in Huangling is very different from other places. The dry boat made by foreigners only uses four red silks tied to the four corners of the top of the boat and hangs a big red silk flower. The dry boats made by Huangling people are very particular. Paper-cutting, binding, painting and other folk crafts are carefully dressed in all parts of the dry boat, making it elegant and gorgeous. Outsiders just carry dry boats with their hands and dance yangko. Huangling people are really performing. It is required that the hull really seems to be floating on the water, and it is also necessary to vividly show the scene when encountering storms, eddies, rapids and shoals.
According to the old people, Huangling Yangko is mainly performed on the night of Lantern Festival (the 15th day of the first month). The county seat is divided into three spontaneous yangko clubs: Xiacheng, Dongwa and Xiwa. Every club has yangko teams and yangko costumes, props, musical instruments and other equipment. Organizers call it "panic head" every year. Before the Spring Festival, people turned to raise funds. After the rehearsal is mature, the performance will begin on the eighth and ninth day of August. Fifteen nights are even more lively. In the performance, there is a yangko team in Shiliba Township, which belongs to Diantou, Longfang, Grange and other towns. In some years, the yangko team can serve as many as 100 supper. From the night of the Lantern Festival to the dawn of the next day, it can be imagined that under the conditions at that time, so many teams, so big scenes and so high enthusiasm were spontaneous, conscious and voluntary.