First, the evolution of competitive aerobics
1. The development of aerobics in China. Aerobics is a new sport in China. It comes from life, from human's pursuit of health and beauty, and is the product of the organic combination of gymnastics, dance and music. Aerobics, like many other sports, started from mass fitness and entertainment, and gradually introduced performances and competitions. Aerobics embodies the comprehensive ability of human body in strength, femininity, coordination, rhythm, aesthetics and expressive force. From the overall task and development of aerobics, aerobics can be divided into two categories: fitness aerobics and competitive aerobics. The popularity of fitness aerobics has laid a solid mass foundation for the emergence and development of competitive aerobics, and the continuous innovation and appreciation of competitive aerobics have greatly promoted the development of mass aerobics.
2. The emergence and development of competitive aerobics in China. China's aerobics has gone through three stages (production stage-cognitive stage; Exploration period-research stage; After the development period-popularization stage), it began to flourish and spread widely, and bodybuilding was incorporated into the sports competition mechanism. Promoting people's physical development and physical quality growth, improving the level of physical training and cultivating good psychological quality have become the objective requirements for the development of bodybuilding. Competitive aerobics has adapted to the requirements of the new situation with its graceful movements, great difficulty, fast pace, high quality and new arrangement, which has injected great vitality into the development of modern aerobics. If China's competitive aerobics is divided into stages, it can be roughly divided into exploration period, standardization period and international integration period.
(1) exploration period. With the development of mass aerobics in China, competitive aerobics with competition as its main purpose is also developing. The first national competition "National Women's Aerobics Exhibition Competition" held in Guangzhou from 65438 to 0986 opened up a new way of aerobics competition in China and explored the competition methods of aerobics in China. In May, 1987, Kang Hua Institute of Bodybuilding, Beijing Sport University and CCTV jointly held the first national "Great Wall Cup" aerobics friendly invitational tournament. This competition draws lessons from the Alobec aerobics project in the United States and combines the actual development of aerobics in China, and conducts six competitions, including single aerobics for men and women, mixed double aerobics, three aerobics for men and women, and mixed six aerobics. This is the first national competitive aerobics competition held in China. Since then, aerobics competitions for children, teenagers, young people and middle-aged and elderly people have been held all over the country. At present, the diversity of competition names, the disunity of competition costumes, the instability of competition rules and the strong amateurism of participating athletes all show the characteristics that competitive aerobics in China is in the exploratory stage.
(2) specification period. In order to strengthen technical exchanges and academic research, the Aerobics Rhythmic Gymnastics Branch of China University Students' Sports Association was established in February, 1992, and the development of college students' bodybuilding in China entered a new stage. 1992 In September, with the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the China Aerobics Association, which represents the national organization of aerobics in China, was established in Beijing, marking that aerobics in China has entered a new period of organized and planned development. With the deepening of China's economic and sports system reform, the State Sports Commission transferred China Aerobics Association from the social sports guidance center to the gymnastics management center in 1997. After several years of practice and exploration, China Bodybuilding Association has successively issued various rules and standards on aerobics, which has brought aerobics into the scientific and standardized management track, further promoting the popularization of bodybuilding in China and the development and improvement of competitive aerobics. At present, the establishment of management institutions, the unification of competition rules and the perfection of various systems mark that competitive aerobics in China has entered the stage of standardized management and development.
(3) the period of integration with the international community. At the same time, the international exchange of aerobics in China has gradually increased. From 65438 to 0987, the aerobics team of Beijing Sport University, representing the development level of aerobics in China, went abroad for the first time and visited Japan. 1995, China teamed up for the first time to participate in the first aerobics championship held in France; During the period of 1997, China participated in the World Aerobics Championships held in Japan, the Second World Championships held in Italy and the ANAC World Championships held in the United States. 1997 and 1998, China Aerobics Association sent 8 people to participate in the international aerobics referee training class and the international aerobics instructor training class organized by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). With the increasing international exchanges, on the one hand, the level of competitive aerobics in China has been improved, on the other hand, competitive aerobics in China has entered a new stage, that is, the stage of international integration.
Second, the development status of competitive aerobics Due to the influence of the national conditions, aerobics in China has always been a private entertainment project, and the relevant state functional departments have neglected and played down the development and management awareness of aerobics. Compared with the Olympic and National Games events such as competitive gymnastics, trampoline and rhythmic gymnastics managed by the Gymnastics Management Center of the State General Administration of Sport, there are great differences in national capital investment, news media publicity, competition awards and staffing. In management, China's aerobics association has always been affiliated, which will undoubtedly affect the development of aerobics in China.
1. The level is low, and the arrangement has no theme, which is far from the international level. In the Journal of Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, Yang Xiaohong made statistics and analysis on the difficult movements completed by the top six athletes in the men's singles competition of the National Aerobics Championship held in Xi Institute of Physical Education in 20001year. It is found that the types of difficult movements mastered by Chinese athletes are single, concentrated in Group C (***A, B and C), and the distribution of difficult movements in each group is uneven. The main reason for this problem is the aerobics players in China. In recent years, the winning routines of the World Aerobics Championship have distinct themes, such as "naughty kitten", "mighty tiger" and "brave little soldier". In the 200 1 National Aerobics Championship, only 4 sets of movements in 15 have "themes", and the lack of "themes" in the arrangement is one of the reasons for the low technical level of aerobics in China.
2. Lack of systematic training, poor basic skills and insufficient understanding of the artistry of arrangement. Relevant research shows that foreign high-level athletes can get an average of 65,438+00 continuous shooting faces when doing the same "scissors-like transformation jump 65,438+080", while Chinese athletes can only get seven, which reflects the gap between Chinese athletes and world elite athletes in terms of explosiveness and flexibility. Because there are only teenagers in the aerobics competition in China, there are no corresponding infant groups and teenagers, and there is a shortage of water, which makes the selection of aerobics athletes in China face great difficulties. The difference in understanding the artistry of choreography is caused by the influence of traditional culture. European and American countries have long advocated cultural and artistic atmosphere, and most coaches are familiar with music. Athletes have received art education since childhood, and are especially good at understanding music, and can express music with their bodies to the maximum extent, which is beyond the reach of aerobics athletes in China.
3. Lack of funds for project development. The establishment of sports in China is based on the Olympic Games and the National Games, and it is divided into four categories according to the number of gold medals and the "gold content" of gold medals. Aerobics has never been carried out in the Olympic Games and the National Games, and it belongs to non-Olympic mass sports. The state will invest limited funds in the construction of key Olympic projects, rather than the shortage of funds needed for infrastructure construction and team building of Olympic projects. Aerobics, like all other non-Olympic events, has not been included in the long-term systematic training plan and competition funds of the evolution, present situation and development trend of competitive aerobics in China, and its infrastructure construction is still at a very low level.
4. Few people take part in systematic training, lack of high-level coaches and backward scientific research. At present, aerobics training in China is purely amateur. Athletes train after studying and working, relying on their hobbies and persistent pursuit of aerobics. Athletes who participate in aerobics club training will generally charge a certain training fee according to the training time, because aerobics clubs should consider the issue of economic benefits. Ordinary students and working-class people will not go, so fewer people consciously participate in the training. In our country, there is no college to train aerobics teachers, only some physical education colleges offer aerobics majors, and the number of students enrolled each year is not large. Therefore, aerobics coaches in China are very scarce, and high-level coaches are rare. This greatly limits the improvement of the technical level of aerobics in China. Aerobics is a new type of sports that integrates sports, music, dance and clothing. Including anatomy, physiology, sports medicine, nutrition, psychology, aesthetics and other disciplines. However, since aerobics was introduced to China for more than 20 years, the research on aerobics has been in the primary stage. The backwardness of scientific research leads to the lack of theoretical guidance in the development of aerobics in China, and also leads to the difficulty in improving the level of aerobics in China.
Third, the development trend of competitive aerobics According to the classification of competitive sports in the Theory of Event Group Training, competitive aerobics belongs to the "skill group with great difficulty in performance". Same as the same group of competitive events. In the competition, the technical level of athletes is judged by factors such as difficulty, novelty, stability and aesthetics. Difficulty, novelty and beauty are the technical development direction of competitive aerobics. The reform of competition rules by international sports federations will promote the development of competitive aerobics technology in the direction of difficulty, innovation and beauty. Our country's competitive aerobics must keep up with the world trend and grasp the main development trend.
1. Emphasize safety and keep the characteristics of aerobics. Wang hong, a teacher from the Department of Physical Education of Liaoning Normal University, pointed out in The Development Trend of Competitive Aerobics in the World and the Countermeasures of China that in order to make aerobics develop in a healthy and scientific direction, the latest aerobics rules in 2009 made a major revision to the requirements of difficult movements, mainly based on the future development trend of aerobics, to prevent athletes from pursuing too many difficult movements in order to win, thus losing the characteristics of aerobics. Competition rules have always played a guiding role in the development of this sport technology. Therefore, it is the general trend of aerobics development in the 2 1 century to limit difficult movements and maintain the characteristics of aerobics.
2. Pay more attention to the innovation of art and action arrangement. In the international competition rules of 2006 54 38+0-2009, creativity accounts for 2 points in the whole set of movements, which clearly requires that the whole set of movements must be creative. The arrangement of movements, the connection of transition, the use of space and the smoothness of transformation are all concrete manifestations of artistic innovation. The innovation of aerobics movements is mainly reflected in the innovation of difficult movements, the innovation of linking movements, the innovation of performance, music, movement design and coordination of all movements, and the promotion of unforgettable and distinctive personal style. Wang hong of Dalian Liaoning Normal University and others believe that athletes' winning gold and silver in the competition depends on the arrangement level and the basis of aerobics. Unique action design, ingenious technical connection, exquisite and unique modeling and personalized dance style bring aerobics into a brand-new world. And artistry is the outstanding feature of the difficult-to-beauty events in competitive sports, and aerobics has opened up a "world" for itself in the field of competitive sports with its unique artistic expression. From the newly revised rules of 200 1, it can be seen that aerobics in 2 1 century will have an unprecedented breakthrough in artistic expression and level.
3. The completion of action technology will be more perfect. 1997-2004, 200 1-2008, and 2009 aerobics competition rules show that the changes of the new rules have brought new challenges to coaches and athletes from the aspects of complete sets of movement difficulty groups, quantitative changes, competition venues of the old and new rules, stage height, and comparison of the number of referees of the old and new rules. At the same time, it also provides them with a broad space to develop their creativity and personality expression, so that the future development trend of competitive aerobics will pay more attention to the creativity of movements, increase the points for the quality of technical completion of movements, increase the number of six-person group projects and improve the appreciation value of aerobics. The action of "attaching importance to quality and pursuing perfection" On the development trend of competitive aerobics from the change of international competition rules. This paper expounds the main changes of international scoring rules, the situation of international competitions, and the requirements of 2009 rules for the artistry of complete sets of movements (the content of complete sets of movements, the artistry of performance style and effect, the science and technology of music production, the novelty and diversity of fashion design, etc.). ), and analyzes the future development trend: the characteristics of competitive aerobics are more and more clear, and the characteristics of aerobics are gradually established. Innovation is the life of competitive aerobics. Under the premise of keeping the characteristics of aerobics, it is an inevitable trend to explore new forms of aerobics based on competitive aerobics. Choosing the movements with high difficulty from the limited 12 difficulty, giving full play to the physical strength and level of the movement, developing and completing the movements with high difficulty and new difficulty, especially the movements with complex difficulty, are the prerequisites for improving the value of the whole arrangement. Balance and diversification in the whole set of movements are the comprehensive ability of competitive aerobics arrangement. The artistic tendency of complete sets of movements is becoming more and more obvious, and improving the artistry of complete sets of movements has also become the development trend of competitive aerobics.
4. Difficulty movements are diversified. The international competition rules from 200/kloc-0 to 2009 reclassified the difficult movements and determined the value of each difficulty. The new regulations divide the difficult movements into four categories and ten groups, and the score of the difficult movements is 0. 1-0.2, including the expected difficult movements. When emphasizing that innovation is the mainstream of development, Chen Yan and Zhang Qiang from the Department of Physical Education of anyang normal University put forward the viewpoints of "complex and difficult movement innovation and movement arrangement innovation" respectively.
5. Emphasize individuality and appreciation. Under the guidance of the new rules in 2009, such as "ensuring safety, maintaining aerobics characteristics and strengthening artistry", most scholars who study the trend of competitive aerobics believe that the future aerobics will "develop in the direction of art, individuality and style, making aerobics more ornamental and ornamental".
Fourth, summary.
From the above different angles, we can draw their similarities. All scholars pay close attention to the emergence of new aerobics rules in the world, and thus draw the development trend of aerobics in China in 2 1 century. They analyzed and considered the characteristics of aerobics, such as beauty of difficulty, artistic appreciation, perfection of movement and diversity of difficulty. According to the current actual level of our country, we should not only carefully analyze the rules of world competitive aerobics, but also draw the development trend of competitive aerobics in our country, and also proceed from reality and strive to improve our own shortcomings in order to reach the world-class level in the shortest time.
suggestion
1. Competitive aerobics is a difficult, complex and technical sport, which requires athletes to have comprehensive quality and the ability to change events. With the accelerated pace of aerobics entering the Olympic Games, the country should make long-term plans, start with children, do a good job in early systematic training for athletes, and make preparations in advance for winning gold and silver in the Olympic Games and winning glory for the country.
2. In order to make China a powerful aerobics country in the world, we should strengthen the selection and training of coaches and researchers as soon as possible.
3. China should hold more domestic aerobics competitions at different levels and levels, increase popularization and improve the level of competitive aerobics in China.