The word "1 kendo" originated from China's ancient book "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" in the pre-Qin period. China's two-handed saber technique comes down in one continuous line, which was spread to Japan during the Han and Tang Dynasties through the official exchanges of Japanese envoys in Sui and Tang Dynasties and Chinese mainland, as well as the non-governmental exchanges between the Korean Peninsula and the coastal areas of the mainland and the Japanese archipelago. The knife method introduced to Japan has been evolving in the years of the Japanese War. In the increasingly stable edo period in Japan, the basic forms of kendo protective gear and bamboo sword were made by imitating the style of Japanese armor, which laid the embryonic form of sports kendo in the future. After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government issued the "Abandoned Knife Order", which gradually developed to the present and established the existing form of the ancient double-handed fencing "sports kendo" in the modern sports field. Now in Japan and South Korea, kendo is also a compulsory training course for the police, and the police in France and Brazil also attach great importance to it. Kendo is the only two competitive sports in the world in which equipment directly confronts each other (the other is Olympic fencing). Kendo is popular in more than 40 countries and regions in the world. According to the statistics of the international kendo Federation in previous years, there are about 5 million people practicing kendo in the world. At present, the countries with the highest competitive level in kendo are Japan and South Korea, and Taiwan Province Province in China also has a very high competitive level.
Modern kendo is a real fencing sport, using bamboo knives and protective gear. Therefore, there are also special emphasis on equipment; The bamboo knife is composed of four bamboo boards, a knife tip skin and a knife handle skin. Protective equipment includes masks, chest protectors, drooping waist, gloves and cotton underwear. The venue is generally on the wooden elastic floor, playing barefoot. Therefore, the protective measures are perfect, so the injury rate is lower than other martial arts sports. Kendo training has a large amount of exercise, which has a direct effect on burning fat and improving body shape, but at the same time it has a unique practice method to keep the body soft, instead of making muscles stiff like many weight-bearing trainings. Kendo is not only suitable for young people to practice, many senior teachers are still competing in the kendo field in their seventies and eighties, and there are even old-timers who can perform after 90 years old.
Kendo belongs to martial arts, and the attitude of learning must be strict and serious in order to get substantive results. Appreciating and watching kendo can be viewed from both external technology and internal psychology. Technically, the movements are neat and graceful, full of momentum and spirit, showing a strong and energetic performance. Psychologically speaking, we can see the wisdom and cultivation of the swordsman by looking at whether the swordsman's emotional performance at the scene is calm or superficial, whether he can have a keen and correct judgment in the battle, and how to take appropriate countermeasures, such as the tactical application of "preemptive strike", "waiting for an opportunity" or "winning by counterattack". Practicing unarmed boxing is probably while you are young and strong, but kendo is definitely an art of controlling power. Kendo does not pursue absolute strength. The brute force of killing cattle with one punch can be said to be useless in kendo practice. The real kendo pursues the harmony of power, that is, the complete control of power. The real kendo is to achieve a "soft" state. Kendo has the essence of sports and martial arts. Long-term practice can not only promote physical health and enhance spiritual vitality, but also cultivate strong willpower, concentration and enterprising personality, as well as keen judgment and calm and confident attitude. There has always been a saying in the field of kendo that "kendo is a lifelong practice". These advantages are not only used in martial arts, but also helpful to everyone's way of doing things or enterprise management. Therefore, Zhizhi's life has never stopped and benefited.
2 kendo. Edo Sandaochang 1- Beichen yidaoliu
Beichen sword-wielding is a very popular fencing school in the late Edo period. Its founder is Zhou Zuocheng Zheng of Chiba (1794- 1855).
Zhou Zuozhi was born in huashan village, Liyuan County, Lu Qian, the second of three brothers. His grandfather Chiba Kichinojo was originally a dream fencing teacher of Pancheng County, Ma Fan and Beichen, and later moved to huashan village, Kurihara County, Lu Qian County. When Zhou Zuo was young, he practiced Beichen dream fencing with his father Chiba Kemen. Later, as the adopted son of Asari and Qi Lang, he went to Xiaguan to learn fencing with Asari and Qi Lang and Chinese and Western genealogies. Later, he founded Beichen Liu Yidao in combination with his swordsmanship, and set up Xuanwu Dojo in Edo Japan Bridge, which is called "Three Dojo in Edo" together with Zhixin Dojo and Unintentional Dojo. Xuanwu Pavilion later moved to Kanda Yuchi.
Beichen Liu Yidao thinks that kendo is not only a technology, but also an art. At the end of Edo, when real swords were popular, Beichen Liu Yidao improved the practice method of using bamboo knives and protective gear, which had a great influence on modern Japanese kendo.
Beichen is a sect of talented people. Chiba, Zhou Zuo's younger brother, decided on Yizheng Road (? -1879), Zhou Zuoji's male Chiba Hidjiro, and Ding's chief male giant Taro all made great contributions to the revitalization of Beichen. Among them, Chiba Ding opened a fencing Dojo in Toyomachi, Edo, called "Little Chiba Dojo" to distinguish it from Xuanwu Pavilion. Sakamoto Sakamoto Chihiro is a disciple of this Dojo. Malone once said, "Little Chiba Dojo is my second home". Besides Ryoma Sakamoto, many famous swordsmen were at the end of the curtain, such as Ito Kintaro, Keisuke Shannan, Kiyokawa Hachiro and so on. The newly written groups are all from Beichen.
Attached is the list of Beichen swordsmen at the end of the curtain:
Qianyejia
Liu Zu: Chiba Zhou Zuocheng
Chiba, Zhou Zuo's younger brother, decided on Yizheng Road.
Zhou Zuoji is male Chiba Hidjiro, and three male Chiba Daosaburo.
Ding's eldest son is male Chiba Kyutaro, the second is male Chiba Dongichiro, the eldest daughter Chiba Zuo Na, the second is female Chiba Riji, and the third is female Chiba Jiujiu.
Non-chiba family
Ito Kanetaro, Inoue Shiro Yanling, Okuda Matsugoro, Haibei Ping Fan, Kiyokawa Hachiro, Sakamoto Ryoma, Makita Fansuke, Niigata Taro, Zhuangsiyouer, Tsuda Kongping, Danyu Chengsan, Morizo, Inagaki, Shannan Keisuke, Fujitani Hirasuke, Hattori Musashi, etc.
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Kendo. Three Dojo in Edo 2 —— Mirror Heart and Wisdom Flow
Mirror mental flow, also known as mirror mental flow, is a kind of fencing that emphasizes the "position" of action, that is, posture, modeling, artistry and practicality are equally important, and it is more inclined to be artistic. Its Dojo is located in Bading River south of Edo, and it is called Xueguan. The representative of this school is Momonoi Syunzou Naoko.
Momonoi Syunzou Naoko was born in the eighth year of Zheng Wen. He is the second son of Zhou Junheng's marsh Lord Tanaka Chonglang Zuoweimen. His real name is Kansuke Tanaka. In the ninth year of Tianbao, he came to Edo at the age of 14 and practiced swordsmanship in the Tao Jing Dojo in Jingxin. At that time, the teacher of the Dojo was Momonoi Syunzou Nau. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he married Naoko's second daughter, adopted her son-in-law in Tao Jing's house, inherited Chunzang's name, and changed her name to Naoko Momonoi Syunzou. In the second year of Yongjia, Naoko Chunzang was awarded the title of Quanchuan at the age of twenty-five. He inherited the wisdom of pure heart and flowed to the imperial clan, becoming a famous teacher of four generations.
According to "New Records of Wushu Descendants in the Period of Natural Forest Protection", the ancestors of pure-hearted wise men were Samon and Ernst & Young (1772- 178 1). This Taojing Shiro was originally an official of Liu Ze's family, but later he left his main family to start his own martial arts practice and became proficient in all kinds of martial arts. After the completion of the art, he founded Jing and the Dojo in Edo.
Tao Jing Dojo was handed down from generation to generation by sons. What's more special is the fourth generation son-in-law Momonoi Syunzou Naoko, who, as the son-in-law and adopted son of Tao Jing's family, inherited the Dojo of the Scholarship Museum. When Junzo Naoko served as a normal school, Beijing ushered in its heyday. Tao Jing Dojo Scholar's Hall is juxtaposed with the Xuanwu Hall on the left of Chiba (a knife stream of Beichen) and the training hall of Mijiulang Saito (a free stream of Shinto), which is called "the three Dojo of Edo". Compared with the three schools of swordsmanship, it has the saying of "Chiba for skill", "Saito for strength" and "Tao Jing for position".
Different from Beichen's emphasis on swordsmanship and artistry in attack and defense, the artistry of mirror mental flow is mainly reflected in the word "bit", that is, the beauty and chic of body and posture. It is said that Momonoi Syunzou Naoko himself is also a handsome man (there seem to be many handsome men among the swordsman ...), so the "bit" of the mirror mind flow is brought to the extreme by him. However, in this turbulent era of the end of the curtain, it is useless to rely solely on artistic fencing. Therefore, in terms of practicality, mirror heart and wisdom are not lost to others. Okada Taisa, who is known as "Izzo the Executioner", Han Peitari Mountain and Tosa Fan are also masters of mirror heart and intellectual flow.
List of mental swordsmen with mirror at the end of the curtain:
The third generation descendant of Tao Jing Dojo Normal School is Momonoi Syunzou Naoko, and the fourth generation descendant is Momonoi Syunzou Naoko.
The third generation descendant of Tao Jing Dojo Normal School is Momonoi Syunzou Naoko, and the fourth generation descendant is Momonoi Syunzou Naoko.
Tosa Fanokada Ichizo, Samurai Han with Tian Ruishan.
Sakura, Fan Yi, see Sosuke.
Other Taguchi Eitaro, etc.
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Kendo. Edo San Dojo-Shinto without mindfulness
Shinto without Mindfulness is a fencing school founded by the outsider Hiramen Fukui in the middle of next year (178 1- 1789).
The first thing men in black learned was the technique of fencing. Legend has it that on his way home from practice, he visited Junxian Nobuoka in Xinzhou, and suddenly had an epiphany during the visit, thus creating a new fencing. Because it is the sword method of epiphany under meditation, it is called mindless Shinto.
Among the disciples of Hermon, Kawasaki of Kotaro was the most successful. After successful fencing, Kumataro opened the Togasaki Dojo in Edo. Okada Songshi, known as the strongest swordsman in Shinto, is a disciple of Togasaki Dojo, where he was awarded the title of teacher. Later, Okada Songshi became independent from Togasaki Dojo and opened a fencing hall Dojo in Edo. Saburo Saito, the representative of Shinto, who had no thoughts at the end of the curtain, was a disciple of Okada Matsushi, and Saburo was also called the most outstanding master of fencing hall with his classmate Axuro Suzuki.
Saburo Saito was born on January 13th, 10th year in Kuanzheng, Fo Sheng Village, Bingjian County, Vietnam. Saito believes in Taoism and is the eldest son of his family. The name is good, and the name is loyalty. /kloc-came to edo at the age of 0/5, and entered the Dojo of Shimadzu Shinto No-Minded Swordsmanship Hall in Okada, and soon won the title of normal generation.
In the ninth year of Zheng Wen, with the help of Tanan Temple in Jiangchuan, the same gate, Saburo opened a fencing Dojo-a training hall in Iwabashi, Iida-machi, Edo. In the ninth year of natural forest protection, due to fire, the training hall was moved to Jiuduanban Shangsanfan Town.
In the fencing world of Edo at that time, there was a saying that "Chiba is the skill, Tao Jing is the position, and Saito is the strength". Compared with the swordsmanship of Xuanwu Hall (Chiba Zhouzuo Beichen) and Shixuetang (Momonoi Syunzou Meditation Liu Zhi) in the three major Dojo in Edo, the Shinto-mindless flow in the training hall pays more attention to the practicality of fighting, overwhelming each other's momentum and strength. Because Saito Saburo's swordsmanship shows the essence of Shinto's brainless flow-"power" more vividly than other tributaries of the same genre, the Shinto's brainless flow swordsmanship in the training hall is also called Saito's brainless flow.
Shinto without thinking at the end of the curtain is a fencing school with great influence and many disciples. There are many famous swordsmen who come from Shinto and have no thoughts, including one of the three outstanding figures of the Reform-Changzhou Fangui Kogoro. In addition, the second team leader of the new writing group, Nobuhachi Kurakura, and the former director of the new writing group, Serizawa Kamo, are also thoughtless from Shinto.
Attached is a list of Shinto swordsmen who have no thoughts at the end of the curtain:
Saito's family
Saito Saburo
Mijiu Lang Changnan Saito Alataro
Mizutano Sano Saito Kansuke
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Kendo-first class in two days
The two-day class was founded by Musashi Miyamoto, a famous swordsman in the early Edo period.
Musashi Miyamoto was originally named Xin Mianwu Zang, and its official name in the two-day first-class art of war is Xin Mianwu Zang Xuan Xin. But the name Musashi Miyamoto is more familiar to people.
In the 12th year of Tianzheng (1584), Musashi Miyamoto was born in Miyamoto, Ohara Town, Yingtian County, Okayama Prefecture. When I was young, I learned the art of war from my father. From the age of thirteen to twenty-eight, he competed with other schools for more than sixty times, and it is said that he never lost once. At the age of 29, Musashi fought against Sasaki Kojiro, a world-famous swordsman at that time, and killed Kojiro with a homemade four-foot-two-inch wooden knife, which became famous in World War I. ..
When Musashi was in his twenties, he became a school of his own with "first-class roundness and brightness". And in the tenth year of the Qing Dynasty (1605), he wrote a fencing book, Mirror of Bingdao. But he was always dissatisfied with his swordsmanship and thought that he had not reached the extreme. After the age of 30, Musashi continued to study and finally became a swordsman with two knives (one is too big and the other is too big) at the age of 50. This is the famous "one class every two days".
When Musashi was fifty-seven years old, that is, in the seventeenth year of Kuanyong (1640), he was invited by the Lord of Kumamoto (now Kumamoto Prefecture) to formally teach fencing in the local area. In his later years, Musashi wrote Preface to Five Taidao Daodao, Thirty-five Rules of Art of War by Sun Tzu and Five Wheels Book, which are collectively called Sun Tzu's Two-Day First-class Three-Weapon Book of Art of War.
In the second year of Bao Zheng (1645), Musashi Miyamoto died at the age of 62.
The "two days" in the so-called "two days first class" means "two days sunbathing" (sunbathing is the same as sunbathing and five-party order), which refers to the sun and the moon: yin and yang, that is, things that symbolize opposites. Everything in the world is made up of relative things, and these relative things permeate each other, making everything develop and unify and producing new things. The technique of two knives is simply to unify the movements of the left and right hands, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the opponent. This fact, which is developed by the sublimation and unification of opposing poles, is not only fencing, but also "the principle of the world" (like the collection of weapons), so it is named "the art of war for the first two days"
Attached to Sasaki Kojiro:
Sasaki Kojiro (? - 16 12)。 The founder of Sasaki Ada.
Compared with Musashi, who was born in poverty, Kojiro grew up surrounded by the aura of support and praise. However, unlike those mediocre dude, Kojiro is definitely a fantastic swordsman. Although I once taught myself the technique of Liu Futian Gotha with Zhong Juan, Liu Yan, founded by Kojiro himself, used a much longer knife than Gotha's. Kojiro's love knife "Changguang" is a long knife as long as three feet and two inches, and Kojiro's stunt "Yan Hui" can bring the benefits of the long knife to the extreme. However, this is Kojiro, even "Yan Hui" is useless, and he was defeated by Musashi Miyamoto's sword. When fighting with Musashi, Kojiro could not use his long knife, because Musashi specially made a wooden knife before the duel. The knife is four feet and two inches long, which is a whole foot longer than Kojiro's "Changguang".
Because Kojiro didn't pass the stunt "Yan Hui" to his disciples before the duel, this trick was lost. Perhaps you can get a glimpse of Kojiro's Yan Hui from Yan Hui, the Secret Sword, which is one of the killer weapons of the film "seasoned road".
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Kendo-Liu Sheng's New Yin Stream
Liu Yin was built by swordsmen Aizhou in the early Warring States period. Later, Shangquan Yi Shi Handletter Gang created a new evil flow on the basis of evil flow. Compared with the real sword in previous fencing, the new Liu Yin uses bamboo knives in practice, thus avoiding unnecessary injuries. In addition, the fencing classification model of "Primary → Advanced → All Pass and No Test" was established for the first time in New Liu Yin, and later classification systems were developed on this basis.
Kamiizumi Nobutsuna founded the new evil stream, and it was Kamiizumi Nobutsuna's disciple Yagyu Zhou Shi Zhai Zongyan who carried forward the new evil stream swordsmanship.
Yagyu family is a noble family of Yamato. Yagyu Zongyan worked in Miyoshi Nagayoshi and Oda Nobunaga, but later resigned due to illness to concentrate on fencing. After studying in Kamiizumi Nobutsuna, he combined the Kashima New Swing Stream and the Toda One-knife Stream into a new Yin Stream swordsmanship, and founded the largest branch of the new Yin Stream-Yagyu New Yin Stream. Since then, yagyu munenori, the son of Zongyan, and Sanyan Yagyu, the son of Zongju (Yagyu Ten Soldiers and Guards) have continuously developed and improved the new Yin Stream of Yagyu, making it one of the largest schools of fencing in the Edo period. Yagyu Zongyan, Yagyu Soldier Wei became a famous Three Musketeers from the end of the Warring States Period to the early Edo Period, and was called "Yagyu Three-Day Dog".
The art of war books (that is, fencing books) handed down from home include Killing the Sword, Living Sword, Wudaojuan and Yuechao written by later historians. The essence of yagyu's new evil flow lies in "taking without moving the knife", that is, holding the opponent empty-handed. Compared with some schools, Yagyu New Liu Yin disapproves of using killing to hone fencing. In The Sword of the Living and The Volume Without a Knife, it embodies the meaning of Liu Sheng's "taking it without a knife": "If you don't kill people, you will win if you don't kill them."
Additional information:
New Shadows of Yagyu-Data (1)
Yin school system diagram
The first generation of Aizhou moved to Xiangzhai-Liu Yin, Aizhou.
The Second Generation of Shangquan Yi Shi Credible Plan —— New Yin Flow or Divine Yin Flow
Lu Jiexiu Yin, the Third Generation Business Circle Leader-Business Circle Law
For spring water, the main water is the constitutional yuan-one knife flows in Huijin
After the gods, Izu maintained clan rule-after the gods moved.
, Zhai Zongyan, Liu
Gun Flow in Hozoin
Sasuke Ryong, a Marunozo-Taisheliu
Aoshan Hugh Hezhai-Liu
Tian Kai Wenwulang-Tiankailiuyin Landscape
Willow family
Yagyu Zhou Shi Zhai Zongyan → Nagano Yagyu Shinjiro Feast → Yagyu as a cloud Zhai Hyogo Li Jieyan.
Two people in Jiuzhai, Liu Sheng
Sannan Liu Sheng's Zhai
Four people Liu gave birth to Uemon.
Five male yagyu Ma Shouzong Moment (yagyu but Ma Shouzong Moment) →→→→→→ the eldest male yagyu Shi (Hao Jian)
By you, second male, born with a lift, punishments.
Three people, Liu Sheng, are the main food in winter.
Disciple Tian Gong Tai Fang Lang Guozong
Yagyu ten soldiers guard
Yagyu, ten soldiers, three guards and three swallows were evergreen for twelve years-Qing 'an for three years (1607- 1650).
The oldest male in yagyu munenori. It is said that when Xiao Bing-wei practiced sword with his father, Zong Moment involuntarily killed the killer and injured Shi Bing-wei's right eye because the sword was too sharp, so he got the one-eyed Shi Bing-wei, who is now familiar to everyone (fortunately, a bamboo knife was used at that time, otherwise the youngest son of a generation of swordsmen would have died). In the second year of Yuanhe, Shi followed his father to see the general Xiuzhong. He became the surname of three generations of generals at the age of thirteen. Later, he served as a fencing teacher in Guang Jia. Legend has it that one night, Guang Jia thought his swordsmanship was very good, so he put on his forbearance suit and went out, ready to fight bravely. Unexpectedly, ten soldiers patrolling that night found that Guang Jia's sword was knocked down after only one move, and the relationship between the monarch and the minister ended in discord. In the third year of Kuanyong, Shi resigned, began to travel around the world to practice fencing, and wrote a fencing book, Copy of the Moon. In the third year (1646), Zong Moment died, and ten soldiers and guards inherited Liu Shengzong's family and served as guards. Four years later, he died at the age of 43.
The New Negative Flow of Yagyu-Data (2)
Neovaginal translocation
There are 10 stages from "table" to "all-pass" and from low to high.
The contents of the table are three studies (part I), eight major changes and nine minor changes (part I), middle section, lower section, Houleidao Tengou copying three studies, nine (part II), Yin Fei, Xuleidao, and minor changes copying the fake catalogue of Aotengou. Twenty-seven articles in the catalogue (incomplete edition), seven Taoist schools spread morality to Taiwan, and two Taoist schools spread ancient books (Yan)
The new dirty art of war Taidao directory:
Entry studies make a clean break, slowly but surely, half-open and half-directional, turn right and left, long and short blind nine wins, headwind, ten knives, harmony, shortcut, small wall, big wall, eight walls, village wonton swallow, ape shine, Yin Shan, moon shadow, Pubo, upright tengu copy float, bright body, Pubo. Two-person suspension (Tengu copied the Olympic number) made a big turn, three potentials made a small turn, three potentials, two knives, three potentials grabbed the knife, three potentials, twenty-seven quarters, eight potentials, middle quarters, fourteen potentials, lower quarters, eight potentials, back knives (big change), thirteen potentials, small change, thirteen potentials, even knives, twenty-one potentials, thirty-one potentials, etc. (Hehe ~ ~ It's really a lot ~ ~)
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Kendo-natural flow
When it comes to ending, we can't help but talk about the new writing group; When it comes to fencing school at the end of the curtain, we can't help but talk about natural flow. If the new writing group is called "the wolf of life", then natural flow fencing is undoubtedly a sharp thorn.
The founder of Natural Flow is Kuranosuke Yuchang, a native of Yuanzhou (Yuanjiang). It is said that Kuranosuke Kondo was originally a descendant of the ancient martial arts-naive true story, and later learned about this genre of martial arts, and founded the natural flow in the first year of Kuanzheng (1789). Therefore, there is also a saying that innocence is really fragrant as the distant ancestor of natural flow.
Here, by the way, I would like to mention the flow of innocent incense (a very long name, hereinafter referred to as the flow of incense). Shen Dao Stream of Xiangqu is a martial art during the Warring States Period (alas, it seems that Flying Sword Stream is also ...), which was founded by Fan Xiao Changweizhai family who was born in Xiangqu County, a general country. Shen Dao Liuxiang is a comprehensive ancient martial arts, including fencing (Taidao, Gotha and Erdaoliu), cudgel, long knife (razor), gun, shuriken, jujitsu and exhaling. This style is still popular in modern Japan (I wonder if Tian Fei Liu Yujian has ...).
When Kondo Kuranosuke founded Natural Flow, Natural Flow was also a comprehensive martial art including fencing, cudgel, Jiu Jitsu and Qihe. However, in the second generation of Kondo, Aikido was lost, and Kung Fu and Jiu Jitsu were also combined in fencing. Therefore, natural flow as fencing has been passed down to this day.
Natural flow transmission, paper cutting, catalogue (preface catalogue) and intermediate catalogue shall not be printed or read without permission.
There are six levels of natural psychological flow (see the left table, from low to high). Among them, Jiu Jitsu is combined in the swordsmanship from "paper cutting" to "catalogue". To become a teacher or teacher, that is, to have the qualification to teach disciples, you must obtain the highest "guidance exemption" Generally speaking, it takes 10 years from paper-cutting to license-free, and 10 years from license-free to license-free. In other words, it takes 20 years to become a teacher representative. However, kondou Isami, a granddaddy with four generations under one roof, is an exception.
Kundu Isami was born in Tianbao for five years (1834), and was born in Haonong Miyagawa, Shangshiyuan, Tama County, Wuzhou. Young scenic spot Goro, later changed to scenic spot Tai. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, he began to learn natural flow fencing with three generations of natural flow. A year later, at the age of 16, he obtained the catalogue, became the adopted son of Kondo, and changed his name to kondou Isami. 1 1 years later, at the age of 27, Kondo became a master of natural flow for four generations. It only took 12 years to practice sword. He is really a wizard.
The extreme meaning of natural flow lies in a harmonious song:
Wild sea, water, floating island.
Rush to the blue, move to the heart.
It means conforming to the principles of nature, adapting to the environment and taking a natural response to the actions of the enemy, so it is called natural flow.
At the end of the curtain, almost all the famous natural flow swordsmen are members of the new writing group, so it should be appropriate to call natural flow "the tooth of the wolf".
Attached is a list of natural flow swordsmen at the end of the curtain:
Natural Liu Lixin brown frame
Ichiro: Kondo Kuranosuke Yuchang
Second generation order: Kondo Sanjie
Three orders: Kondo Zhousuke
Four generations under one roof: kondou Isami (director of the new writing group)
Five generations: kondou Isami Goro
New writing group member
Deputy Director of the New Writing Group: Hijikata Toshizo.
Captain of the new writing team: Okita Souji
Fencing history
Fencing originated in medieval Europe./kloc-In the 4th century, a dazzling knight class appeared in Spain, France and Italy. They won a wide reputation for their superb fencing. Since then, aristocrats from all over the world have followed suit, and they have become fashionable in the upper class for a time, so that they have developed to solve disputes between aristocrats, and often draw swords against each other and decide life and death with one sword.
From 1588 to 160 1, the duel in France was a disaster. In 20 years, 8,000 nobles and gentlemen in Paris were killed in the duel. If you don't agree, you will decide to fight. "Let's go to the suburbs" has become the most familiar challenge language. The heavy casualties of the upper class led to the vigilance and fear of the royal family and nobles. Li Sailiu, the prime minister of French King Louis XIII, issued a duel ban, but even the execution of a duke in 1627 failed to quell the duel fever. In order to satisfy people's duel fever without hurting people, people designed a lightsaber with four sides.
Around 1643, King Louis XIV of France made unified regulations on fencing costumes and equipment in France at that time, and made the six swordsmen with the oldest qualifications in Paris hereditary aristocrats, thus creating a precedent for French fencing schools, and fencing took shape as a sports competition.
Fencing has been listed as a formal event since the first Olympic Games 1896. Mr. Pierre De Coubertin, the father of modern Olympics, is an excellent fencer himself. Men's and women's individual events and men's and women's team events of foil, epee and sabre are all official events of the world championships, among which the women's sabre event was first established in 1999.
When it comes to fencing, people will naturally think of "Zorro", a ranger played by Allen Delong. His superb swordsmanship, agile and vigorous body and chivalrous behavior of eliminating violence for the people are unforgettable.
Many novels, plays and movies in Europe and America have descriptions of fencing scenes. For example, there are wonderful fencing scenes in the movie The Revenge of the Prince, the ballet Romeo and Juliet, the comedy A Servant and Two Masters, and the novel The Revenge of Monte Cristo.
Dueling prevailed in medieval Europe. Before the duel, the two sides selected assistants and witnesses to form an arbitration, and they agreed on the time, place and weapons of the duel to deal with the aftermath. If you fight with a sword, both sides should raise their swords and salute each other before the confrontation, indicating that they are "ready". Let's start! "Life and death struggle, but also chivalry, these etiquette has been used down.
Senior generals in some countries also have the habit of wearing short swords in important social occasions, which can reflect the military rank of swordsmen and give people a sense of power.
In the history of Europe, it is said that there have been many swordsmen. Some of them take pleasure in practicing for princes and nobles, some do housework and be bodyguards for the rich, and some show bravery and rob the rich to help the poor. So fencing is highly respected by people.
With the development of science and technology and the use of modern weapons, fencing has gradually lost its military value, become a kind of sports, and is increasingly developing in the direction of physical fitness and performance competitions.
Modern fencing competitions are held on metal runways with length 14m and width 1.8m-2m. The ancient sword fighting was not restricted by this. The shape of the sword used by ancient swordsmen is similar to that of modern epee, and the style of play is the same as that of sabre. The difference is that Gu Jian has three edges. Today, if you play with this sword, it will hurt people. 1776, a Frenchman, La Buesier, invented face protection, which provided protective equipment for fencing. Fencing was listed as an official event in the first modern Olympic Games from 65438 to 0896. After more than 100 years' development, the sport became more and more perfect. In modern fencing competitions, athletes wear white fencing clothes with protective gear, masks and leather gloves inside. The sword has no blade, and the tip of the sword is round with a diameter of 5-8.8 mm, so there will be no injury accident when stabbing. Coupled with strict rules and regulations, fencing has become a wonderful, intense and safe sport.
Fencing has a long history, mystery, elegance, adventure and great fitness value, so it is deeply loved by people all over the world, especially teenagers.
Fencing culture
Sword is a kind of weapon commonly used in ancient times. The shape of sword varies from country to country and changes with the development of history. Swords used in fencing originated in Europe and are divided into foil, epee and sabre. The earliest description of fencing competition can be found in the relief of Madinathab Temple near Luxor, Egypt, which was built by Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses III around 1 190 BC. Ancient Rome fought to the death to please slave owners. In medieval Europe, the sword was a necessary weapon for nobles and knights, from heavy to light. In order to improve the level of fencing, there are many guilds and schools in European countries that teach fencing.
By the late19th century, fencing had become a competitive sport. 1882, France established the first fencing association in the world, 1893, American amateur fencing association was established. Fencing was included in the first Olympic Games in 1896, and it was the only event that allowed professional athletes to participate. The match was played on a fencing mat with a width of about 2m and a length of 14m, with 2m extension belts at both ends. The center line, starting line, warning line and finish line are drawn on the mat, and the swordsman can only move forward or backward, not left or right. The swordsman must wear a metal vest and a mask covering the effective part. When the effective part is stabbed, the electric referee will automatically display a red light or a green light, and the ineffective part will light up with white light.
Foil paper
Also known as lightsaber. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, a short and light sword, the predecessor of foil, appeared in the court abroad, matching the clothes at that time. The sword is made of elastic steel, with a total length of no more than110cm and a maximum weight of 500g. There is a circular armguard with a diameter of 12 cm between the body and the hilt. Only stab, not split. The effective part is the trunk. Electricity will be the referee from 1955. There are four events in the Olympic Games: individual men (included in 1896), group 1904, individual women (included in 1924) and group women (included in 1960).
Heavy fencing
It appeared in the middle of19th century, and was mainly used in combat at first. This sword is made of steel and has a three-diamond shape. The total length does not exceed110cm, and the weight does not exceed170g ... There is a circular armguard with a diameter of 13cm between the blade and the handle. Only stab, not split. The effective part is the whole body, and the arms, legs and feet are the main targets. Electric referee has been used since 193 1. There are four events in the Olympic Games: individual men (included in 1900), team (included in 1908), individual women (included in 1996) and team (included in 1996).
sabre
It was developed from a curved sabre used by Italian G.Radaelli in Hungarian cavalry at the end of 19. The sword is made of steel and has a blade and a back. The total length shall not exceed 105cm, and the maximum weight shall be 500g. There is a crescent armguard between the sword body and the hilt. You can cut it. The effective parts are upper limbs, head, neck and trunk above the belt. The electric referee has been used since 1989. There are only men's events in the Olympic Games, including individuals (included in 1896) and teams (included in 1908).
In the 27th Olympic Games in 2000, there were 10 events for the above five kinds of swords, and ***200 athletes participated. Each association has a maximum of 3 athletes in each sword category, and each athlete can participate in team competitions in two swords categories at most. In the team competition, 8 teams from each sword category participated in the competition, and the top eight teams in 1999 World Championships qualified. There are about 40 athletes in each sword category in individual events, and there are three ways to qualify for the competition: 1999 World Championships, with eight athletes in each team; According to the ranking table published by the International Fencing Federation before May 2000 1, in addition to the above 24 athletes, 8 athletes were selected (3 in Europe, 2 in Asia, 2 in America and 2 in Africa 1). Seven athletes (2 from Europe, 2 from Asia-Pacific, 2 from America and 65,438+0 from Africa) were selected according to four regional Olympic qualifiers. The host country, Australia, won another five places.
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