First, select disease-resistant varieties.
Wheat varieties with good agronomic characters should be selected as far as possible, such as vama No.8, Taishan No.23, Taishan 98 18, Jining 16, etc. For plots with serious underground pests, varieties with strong tillering ability, such as McKee 22, Shan Nong 15, should be selected to enhance the compensation ability.
Second, strengthen fitness cultivation.
1. To improve the population structure of wheat, we should vigorously promote high-yield cultivation techniques of precision sowing and semi-precision sowing, reduce the population and enhance the plant's ability to resist pests and diseases; 2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, comprehensively popularize formula fertilization, and increase the number of beneficial microbial communities in the soil; 3, suitable for late sowing, especially in the plots where wheat root disease occurs repeatedly, sowing should be postponed appropriately.
Third, chemical seed dressing and soil treatment should be done well.
1, pest control. Seed dressing was carried out with 40% methyl isofenphos EC, 40% phoxim EC or 55% phorate EC according to 0.2% of the seed amount. For plots with serious underground pests, at the same time of seed dressing, soil treatment should be carried out with 1.5% phoxim granules mixed with 20-30 ㎏ fine sand per mu.
2. Prevent diseases. (1) Seed dressing with 2.5% lethal dose or 20% triadimefon is 0.2%, and seed dressing with triadimefon will increase the sowing amount 10%. (2) Seed dressing with 0.1.05% 2% Rickett seeds. (3) In the plot with serious wheat virus disease, 55% phorate can be mixed with 1.5% Bingzhiling according to the sowing amount of 0.2%.
3. In the land with many diseases and insect pests, vigorously promote the use of special seed coating agent for wheat, which can not only prevent pests, but also prevent diseases.
Fourth, use drugs scientifically to prevent diseases, weeds and pests in autumn seedling stage.
1, wheat shrub dwarf disease is getting worse, so it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of virus-borne Laodelphax striatellus. For plots with humid environment, many weeds and serious Laodelphax striatellus, 30 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin and 20 g of 10% imidacloprid can be sprayed on the water surface before and after the emergence of wheat, and attention should be paid to the edges and ditches.
2. Do a good job of chemical weeding in autumn seedling stage. Chemical weeding in autumn seedling stage is safe and effective for crops. From1late October165438+early February 10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder 10g/ mu, 5.8% Maxi SC 10ml/ mu or 75% superstar dry SC/kloc-0. 6.9% Hummer 50 ~ 60ml/mu can spray water to control gramineous weeds.
Backward cable
Greening to jointing stage Greening to jointing stage is the peak period of infection and expansion of root diseases such as wheat take-all, sheath blight and root rot, and virus diseases such as witches' broom and yellow dwarf. This period is the peak of wheat spiders, underground pests and weeds, and the key period of comprehensive management of wheat pests and diseases.
1. Strengthen fitness cultivation to prevent diseases, pests and weeds. It is necessary to organically combine cultivation measures with pest control, vigorously promote high-yield fitness cultivation techniques such as timely weeding, topdressing and watering, and improve the resistance of wheat to various diseases. Weeds can be eradicated by timely mowing.
2. Vigorously promote chemical weeding. For those who can't be chemically weeded in autumn, it is necessary to seize the appropriate period of control after the wheat turns green in mid-March in spring and carry out chemical weeding in time. In wheat fields dominated by dicotyledonous weeds, 5.8% wheat EC 10ml/ mu or 20% chlorhexidine EC 50 ~ 60ml/ mu can be used; For monocotyledonous weeds, 3% shima EC 25 ~ 30ml can be used per mu, and the stems and leaves can be sprayed for control; A mixture of dicotyledonous weeds and monocotyledonous weeds can be mixed with the above chemicals. In recent years, chemical weeding has led to frequent crop injury accidents. Long-residue herbicides chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl are easy to cause phytotoxicity to cotton, peanuts, corn and other crops after being used in wheat fields, and should be banned. 2,4-D butyric acid herbicides are extremely sensitive to dicotyledonous crops and easy to cause phytotoxicity, so they should be avoided in peanut and other crop growing areas.
3. Do a good job in pest control. In recent years, the root diseases of wheat, mainly sheath blight, have occurred seriously, which has a great impact on wheat yield, especially in high-yield fields. The key technologies of wheat sheath blight control are seed dressing at sowing date and spraying chemicals at turning green. The main reason for the poor control effect of wheat sheath blight is that the spraying control in the turning green period is neglected and the control time is too late. Therefore, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of green transition period.
① The main pest control indicators from wheat turning green to jointing stage are: the incidence of sheath blight 15% ~ 20%, the incidence of underground pests 3%, and 600 wheat spiders per meter. ② The correct medication, dosage and method are as follows: 5% validamycin (150 ~ 200ml/ mu) is used to control sheath blight, and 75 ~ 100kg of water is sprayed at the base of wheat stem, and it is sprayed again every 10 ~ 15 days; Use 40% methyl isofenphos or 50% phoxim to control underground pests, and spray 40 ~ 50 ml wheat stalks per mu; Spraying 73% propargite EC 1500 ~ 2000 times can control wheat spiders.
The heading stage of wheat is the concentrated occurrence and peak period of many diseases and insect pests such as wheat aphid, first generation aphid, midge, powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, leaf blight, scab and glume blight. Wheat aphids have the largest occurrence area and the most serious damage. The heading stage of wheat is the final period of wheat yield, and it is also the peak period of concentrated occurrence of many diseases and insect pests. Once pests and diseases are damaged, they will cause irreparable losses. Therefore, the heading date of wheat is the most critical period for comprehensive prevention and control of wheat diseases and insect pests, and it is necessary to do a good job in pest control to ensure high quality and high yield of wheat.