1912 April 10, the "unsinkable" Titanic set sail at the ocean pier in Southampton Port and sailed for the new world. The captain's name is Smith Prize. The dock was crowded with passengers, family members who came to see me off, baggage handlers and customs inspectors. In the morning 1 1, 1 chimney emitted white steam. Twenty-five of the 29 boilers started to fire in turn. At noon 12, Titanic slowly left the dock under the traction of tugboat. Two external propellers began to stir the sea water in Southampton Harbour. Titanic passed the ship Solemn (not the one compensated by Germany later), Philadelphia, St. Lewis, Ocean and New York in turn, and honked its horn to welcome her. This 46,000-ton ship seems to be very attractive to other ships. Just before sailing, another conventional ship, the New York, was moving in the water because of its huge size, which caused the attraction of a large amount of backfill water to almost hit her hull, which was delayed for an hour. Titanic's tugboat Vulcan hijacked the hull of the New York. The world's largest mail ship began its first and only voyage.
Titanic divided passengers into three classes. The third-class cabin is also the cheapest to get off the hull. Most of these passengers are immigrants who plan to build a new life across the Atlantic. The decoration of the second-class cabin and the general guest room was actually the same as that of the first-class cabin of other general ships at that time. Many second-class passengers originally positioned the first class on other ships, but gave up because of the voyage of Titanic. The first class is the most expensive and luxurious part of the whole ship, and some of the richest celebrities in the world were on this journey at that time.
At 7 o'clock that evening, Titanic arrived in Cherbourg, France. Another group of passengers and goods boarded the Titanic were two special ferry boats, namely nomads and transporters, including American rich people Astor and Margaret Brown-later called "unsinkable aristocratic Mrs. Brown" by newspapers. At noon the next day, Titanic arrived in Queenstown, Ireland. A group of Irish immigrants full of longing and hope for the new world boarded the ship. A passenger landed here, and his photos later became out-of-print photos of Titanic, which is of great value to today's collectors.
When the out-of-print photos arrived in Queenstown, Titanic chose a shorter northern route in order to cross the Atlantic faster than the Olympic Games. The temperature keeps dropping. But the weather is very sunny. The surviving crew said that they had never seen such a calm North Atlantic.
According to Ismail's orders, the Titanic accelerated to 25 knots the next day. Although people think that Kanade is only looking for a quick strategy to reduce its image, White Star also wants a blue ribbon to show off. Nothing important happened on the Titanic along the way. Philip, the ship's operator, is busy sending expensive private telegrams for first-class passengers, mostly instructions for peace and stock trading and delivery. [Edit this paragraph] Ice Sea Shipwreck 19 12 April 14, Sunday night, a calm night, not even a little wind. If there is, the crew will find the little phosphorescence of the waves on the iceberg. Titanic sailed on this dark and cold ocean at a speed of 22.3 knots. Captain Smith ordered the lookout to observe carefully after receiving ice reports from many ships nearby. Because it is a warm winter this year, icebergs drift farther south than in previous years. However, the crew of Titanic forgot to bring their binoculars, so the lookout could only observe with the naked eye. At 23: 40, Frederic fleet, a lookout, found a shadow "the size of two tables" in the distance, and it became bigger at a fast speed. He knocked the alarm bell on the bridge three times and grabbed the phone: "There is an iceberg directly ahead!" " ".Six Moody officials who answered the phone informed the first mate Murdoch next to them. Murdoch ordered to slow down, left full rudder, stop the ship and reverse the car. It turns out that this is the stupidest decision. At that time, the best choice was to slow down and hit an iceberg with a solid bow. 19 12 On that cold night in April, the Titanic and the iceberg kissed each other in death.
Before 13 hours, operator Philip received a weak radio signal from Canada, and operator Elise from nearby California sent a telegram to Titanic. Californian's telegram was so loud that it almost deafened Philip's eardrum, so he cut it off, even though it was related to icebergs. At the same time, Elis entered the wrong format and forgot to add Meg. After sending it again, he went to bed.
The iceberg hit the hull, causing the rivets at the bottom of the ship to be damaged. At first, considering that the material of the rivet is fragile, slag was added in the rivet manufacturing process, but the slag was too dense, which made the rivet fragile and unable to withstand the impact (the pressure of the rivet at that time was about 65438+44 pounds). After the rivet broke, seawater flooded into the watertight compartment, but at that time, the maximum bearing limit of the Titanic watertight compartment was 4.
The result of this collision was later known to people. But at that time, the passengers and crew on board reacted differently. Some passengers who didn't sleep well in first class and second class were awakened by a slight metal scraping sound. The hull gave a slight vibration. Some people think it's a big wave, some people think it's hitting the rocks, and some people think it's propeller failure. But the passengers in the cabin below felt much stronger vibration. Some passengers saw milky white icebergs passing by outside the porthole. Some scraped ice fell into the cabin. The immigrant passengers on the ground floor were even more shocked to find that the cold sea water was overflowing the car door from a place I didn't know. The ship stopped soon. Some passengers put on their coats and came to the deck. The stars are shining over the North Atlantic, and the temperature is as low as MINUS one degree. Under the dark sky, the window of Titanic gave off a warm light yellow light. Four tall yellow and black chimneys were filled with white steam smoke. Suddenly, the three of them suddenly gave a deafening roar and scream. Passengers who know about steam engines know that it is the boiler safety valve on board that releases excess superheated high-pressure steam. Who did Captain Smith and Harlan notify? 6? 1 thomas andrew, chief shipbuilding engineer of Wolf Company, inspected the damage together. The five carriages in front are all submerged in the sea. The sea seems to be flowing through H deck in an orderly way. In the dim light of the mail cabin, packages of mail floated on the sea. After checking all watertight compartments, Andrew said quietly to Captain Smith, "This ship is hopeless." . Captain Smith asked how much time was left, and the answer was one hour, two hours at the most. What happened after that is already very clear to everyone. At 0: 05 am on June 5438+05, Captain Smith ordered the lifeboat to be released. At 0: 00 15, Titanic sent out a distress signal of "CQD·MGY". CQD was the universal distress signal at that time, and MGY was the radio calling code of Titanic. Soon after, the SOS distress signal newly determined by the International Maritime Association was issued. Many ships in the Atlantic Ocean have received distress telegrams. Canada Pacific's Temple Mount, Canard's Capecia, Russian cargo ship Myanmar, as well as Frankfurt, Virginia and Olympic are all accelerating to the accident site. The exception is that the operator of the tramp "California" just outside 18 nautical miles has turned off the telegram and gone to bed. The ship has been trapped by ice floes for nearly a day, and nothing serious happened on board all night, as if nothing serious would happen.
At 0045 hours, the first lifeboat was lowered. The ship launched its first rocket in distress. A shining white spark slowly falls. At 0: 55, the bow of the Titanic was submerged. The work by the lifeboat is a mess. Although the virtues of women and children (women and children in first class and second class) boarding lifeboats first have been observed, many lifeboats are lowered in mid-air. However, this can't blame the crew. At that time, the maritime community believed that if the lifeboat was full of people, it would cause damage and even capsize. Titanic's lifeboat was well designed, but the crew didn't know it. Results 1 178 people can be carried in the lifeboat, and only 65 1 people got on it (someone jumped into the sea and was rescued from the lifeboat). On the port side of the ship, lifeboats only carry women and children. On the starboard side, men are allowed to board the ship only after women have the priority to escape. So more people were rescued on the starboard side than on the port side. 1: 40, the last folding lifeboat was put into the sea. The band on the ship accompanied the passengers and used music to appease those who were doomed to die in a few minutes, playing until the last minute. Faced with the choice between life and death, some people choose to die like a gentleman. The rich man Guggenheim put on his evening dress. "Even if you die, you must die like a gentleman." Mrs Evans from Denver gave her lifeboat seat to the mother of a child, while Ismail, the chairman of White Star Company, left his passengers, crew and his boat at the last minute and jumped into the lifeboat. The goodness and evil of human nature are exposed here. As more and more sea water poured into the front of the hull, the stern gradually left the water and tilted high. 65438+ At 0: 35 in the morning, seawater was immersed in the boiler room. 10: 02, Phillips, who has been sticking to his post, sent the last distress telegram. At 2: 00 13, 29 large boilers on board left the base one after another, collided with each other and broke a watertight wall. The bow of the ship broke a big hole and fell into the sea. At 2: 00 17, seawater flooded into the central power control room, causing a short circuit and the lights of the whole ship went out. 18 at 2: 00 am, with a loud noise, the Titanic hull broke into two parts from the third and fourth chimneys. At 2: 20, the bow part sank into the sea, and the second half hit the sea. In less than a minute, it sank into the water with the first half of the Titanic. 1503 passengers and crew are on call.
Although many passengers escaped from the hull, they were sucked into the sea together when they sank, or lost their temperature in the cold sea water and died. Many passengers' bodies have not been found, and they are likely to be trapped in the engine room and drowned alive.
People who fell into the water soon lost consciousness. What awaits them is rapid hypothermia, nerve paralysis and death. The people in the lifeboat also froze to death. Some people completely rely on strong will, half-immersed in cold sea water, and hold on to the overturned lifeboat No.2. It was not until half past three that Canard's passenger ship Carpathia arrived at the scene of the accident first. At 4 o'clock, the crew of Carpathia found the first lifeboat in the twilight of the North Atlantic. The rescue work continued until 8: 30 in the morning, and the lifeboat 12 tied the rescue cable. Of the 2208 crew and passengers on the Titanic, only 705 survived. The captain and priest of the Carpathia hosted a mourning ceremony in the dining room. At 8: 50, turn around and return to new york.
On April 18, the Karpas arrived at new york Port. Thousands of people watched them pass the Statue of Liberty on the Waterray coast of Manhattan Island. At Pier 54, about 30,000 people stood in the rain, silently welcoming the survivors of the Titanic. The news of the sinking of Titanic shocked the whole western world. At that time, people were no less shocked than the 9. 1 1 incident in the United States in this century. Flags were flown at half-mast in many places on both sides of the Atlantic. King George V of England and President Taft of the United States exchanged messages of condolence. Kaiser Wilhelm II also sent a message of condolence. /view/9329.htm