Speaking of timber transportation in Sichuan, it has a long history. As early as Qin Shihuang's time, Sichuan timber was used for large-scale construction, so there is a saying that "Shu Mountain stands upright and Albania comes out". Ming and Qing dynasties set up imperial trees and built palaces in Sichuan. According to records, during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, when the Beijing Palace was built, ministers took materials from Shu and transported them to guanxian by water. In the seventh year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City was built, and in the third year of Yongzheng, the Temple of Heaven and Ditan were built. 18324 pieces of nanmu and Cunninghamia lanceolata were successively cut down in Sichuan and transported to Beijing via Minjiang River. Qing Daoguang invaded Japan, and the Qing court discussed the proposal of "imperial wood", but there was a wood factory in Shuguang, and the wood was still flooded. During the Republic of China, Mr. Deng Xihou set up a logging yard in Sichuan and implemented a three-level management system of "managing the river", "managing things" and "shed head". The main producers of production methods are transported to guanxian for sale by water. First, it is "official", and then it is run by timber merchants. There is Yagi in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, which drifts to guanxian. The rafts in Hongya forest area of Qingyi River are transported to Leshan, and those in Fujiang and Qujiang River basins are transported to Chongqing. In addition, there are also transportation records of Wujiang River and Jialing River in history.
In the early days of the founding of New China, everything was in full swing. In order to heal the wounds of war, restore the national economy and promote socialist construction, the state has decided to develop the alpine virgin forest areas in western Sichuan to provide much-needed materials for the construction of industry, transportation and construction.
At that time, there was no road in Sichuan forest area, and when the West Sichuan Logging Company developed the forest resources in Lixian County, it took 9 days to go from Dujiangyan to miyaluo. Can you repair the road at once? No way! First, the country was poor at that time and could not afford to build roads. Second, time waits for no one. The country is in urgent need of wood and can't wait to build roads before developing forests. What's more, Sichuan's timber shipping has a long history, so it is more realistic to take it. There are many rivers and abundant water resources in Sichuan. In particular, Jinsha River, Yalong River, Dadu River and Minjiang River in the west have the characteristics of high velocity, large discharge and large amplitude, which provide timber waterways for the key development of forest areas in western Sichuan. At the same time, its tributaries are all over the forest area, rich in water, radiating most of the original forests in the west, and the main river course coincides with the wood flow direction. Although there are many obstacles in the river, it still has unique timber water transport conditions by regulating and dredging the timber flow path.
When Han, then the director of Southwest Forestry Industry Administration, reported to the Ministry of Forestry some problems in the future planning and development of Sichuan forestry, he clearly put forward that "Sichuan timber can be transported without water", and only water transportation is the only choice for the development of Sichuan forest areas. The Ministry of Forestry agrees with the idea of single-drift timber delivery in Sichuan during flood season, and requires Sichuan to take the road of scientific management of self-design, self-construction, self-collection, self-storage and transshipment.
With great enthusiasm, the water transport workers have removed two "obstacles" in timber water transport in a short time: one is river regulation, that is, dredging timber streamline, and the other is the construction of collection, storage, transit, transportation and supporting projects from the flow direction to the end.
195 1 In March, Cao Kai, then the manager of West Sichuan Logging Company, led more than 300 people into Aba forest area, which opened the prelude of forest logging and timber water transportation in Sichuan, New China. 1In August, 952, the West Sichuan Logging Company set up a timber drifting office, which was responsible for transporting timber from the main river to Zipingpu, and then transported to Chengdu by the guanxian (now Dujiangyan City) Water Transport Brigade.
1953 In April, Southwest Logging Company was changed to Southwest Forest Industry Administration, and West Sichuan Logging Company was also changed to West Sichuan Branch of Southwest Forest Industry Administration. The wood drifting place was renamed as "Dahe delivery place" and later renamed as "Zhenghe delivery place".
1956 set up an independent enterprise-Minjiang timber and water transport office of Sichuan forest industry administration. 1959, the Sichuan Provincial Forestry Department established the Timber Water Transport Bureau, and the Minjiang Department was renamed the Minjiang Branch of the Timber Water Transport Bureau of the Sichuan Provincial Forestry Department. 1964 The Timber Water Transport Bureau of Sichuan Forestry Department was abolished, and the Minjiang Branch merged with Chengdu Timber Field to form the Minjiang Water Transport Bureau of Sichuan Province. 198 1, Minjiang Bureau delegated the leadership and management power of Aba Prefecture and changed its name to Minjiang Timber and Water Transportation Bureau of Aba Prefecture. More than 3,000 water carriers transport timber on the Minjiang River and its tributaries which are 63 1.5 km long.
1956, Dadu River Timber and Water Transport Bureau was established, with a total length of 1 106 km, and its business scope ranges from Chusijia River, Grandmother Zu River and Mosuo River to Hejiang Gate in Yibin City. Dadu River Bureau undertakes the task of timber water transportation delivered by eight forest industry enterprises in Aba and Ganzi and local governments, and is a large-scale timber water transportation enterprise focusing on streaming, storage, raft transportation and sales.
From March 1966, the state began to build Yalong River Timber and Water Transport Bureau to develop the richest forest resources in western Sichuan. After the mountain is cut and the post road is repaired, the road is built in the deep mountain canyon and the suspension bridge is erected; Inductive facilities such as river regulation, reef blasting, river embankment repair and stone dam macha repair were built on the Yalong River with "three highs (high flow, high velocity and high amplitude)". 1972 tried to deliver timber, and 1973 officially put into production. Later, Sichuan Yangtze River Timber Transportation Bureau merged with Yalong River Timber Transportation Bureau, and timber was continuously transported from chengdu-kunming railway and the Yangtze River to all parts of the country to support national industrialization.
According to the characteristics of each river channel, the water transport workers use the methods of single bleaching, manual unloading, towing (or pushing) by boat, etc. to build suitable engineering facilities, which will rejuvenate the ancient timber transport and step into the contemporary ranks, fully demonstrating the advantages of Sichuan's large timber transport, low cost and low consumption of non-renewable energy. The timber cut from the primitive forest area in western Sichuan has a transportation distance of 3075 kilometers through Yalong River. The annual flow of the Dadu River reaches 6.5438+530 million cubic meters at the peak. Compared with land transportation, the cost of water transportation is only one thirteenth of that of road transportation and one sixth of that of railway transportation.
In the nearly 50 years from 1950 to 1998, nearly 70% of the 6,543.8 billion cubic meters of wood produced by forest workers in high-altitude mountain canyons in northwest Sichuan drifted to user ports through Jinsha River, Yangtze River and its tributaries, Minjiang River, Dadu River and Yalong River, with a total length of 4/kloc-0. It involves Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai. Sichuan forestry and water transport workers have made great contributions to the national economic recovery and socialist construction in New China.
Under extremely difficult conditions, our water transport workers are willing to be poor, remain lonely, love their jobs and make selfless contributions.
Most of the construction sites along the Yangtze River are "linoleum" houses and tents, and workers sleep with branches and boards. Men and women are separated by contemptuous seats. It is cold in winter, unbearable in summer, and there is no bathing condition. In order to ensure the life of more than 100 people, Lizhuang Water Transport Department dispatched 2 1 100 lean laborers to form a grain transport team, which was organized into three groups with 7 people in each group. The way of "marathon relay race" was adopted to transport grain across Jinping. The first group went from Mianning back to the top of Jinping Mountain, the second group went from the top of Jinping Mountain to the valley of determination, and the third group went from the valley of determination to the location of Jiwo Company. Each batch of grain is shipped back to its destination within three days.
1968 One night, the location of a section of Lizhuang Water Transport Department was very lively. A couple of young water transport workers are holding a wedding, and the playground is full of torches and laughter. Accompanied by the company commander, the bride and groom who had not had time to take off their work clothes walked into the crowd, and hundreds of people were jubilant. This is the first wedding held by the company. The old company commander excitedly took the bride's hand and said, "You are a girl who respects Brother Piao, and my old man kowtows to you." The words sound just fell and the old section chief knelt behind him. The old section chief publicly announced that from now on, he will move into an open-air tent, and the only cave in the whole section where he lives will be given to the newlyweds as a new house. An old worker who was mean enough to be looked down upon gave the bride a pack of salt saved by frugality. The lonely old man's only hope is to touch the bride's hand. Of course, how can a kind bride refuse the humble request of a kind old man?
Listen to the voice of the sailor, "comrades, you have worked hard and worked overtime." I crossed the stone embankment and got together on holiday. "In the horn of Oil (the leading operator unified his thoughts and actions with the labor song of" Oil "), everyone Qi Xin worked together to push the driftwood into the river.
This poem, entitled "Paipai", describes the hardships of "drifting" in work and life, reproduces the scene of iron-clashing men fighting against rapids and rushing to row, and shows the spirit of water transport workers who have fun in hardships and are brave in dedication.
An old water bearer told a seemingly ordinary story, but it deeply touched my heart. It was a drifting season, and the young "drifting second brother" stood on a raft in the turbulent Yangtze River with his "feet" (drifting tools). A wave came head-on, and Brother Piao lost his balance and fell into the river. The swift river tore his clothes and trousers and took him away. Brother Park stuck his head out of the water, and the out-of-control raft drifted downstream surrounded by the river. "That's state property and must not be lost." It's impossible to chase a raft along the river. After years of drifting, he is familiar with the terrain in this area. Only by cutting through Hejiang county can the raft stop at the lower bend shoal. "Brother Piao" struggled to swim ashore, without a fig leaf on his body, threw off his legs and crossed the Hejiang River where people came and went. Along the way, people pointed at him, "Look, that man is naked", "crazy" and "crazy". Anxious "Brother Park" ignored the excuse and just urged himself "hurry up, hurry up, hurry up." Brother Piao finally intercepted the raft at the downstream backwater bay. He was relieved and lay motionless on the beach for a long time. Our "Brother Park" is really a group of "crazy people". In order to protect state property and build the motherland, they can sacrifice everything, dignity and even their lives. According to the statistics of death and serious injury of forest workers in Sichuan Province (1953-1985); 4582 people died and 3706 people were seriously injured.
Forest workers and loggers suffer, and so do "drifters". It is in this hard and ordinary work that many of them have made extraordinary deeds in their ordinary posts and a large number of advanced model figures have emerged. National model workers Zhao, Yang Chongyuan are their representatives.
In the mid-1990s, one thing was worth writing: Yalong River Timber and Water Transport Bureau and two forest industry enterprises jointly built a three-star tourist boat. This Tibetan-style cruise ship is 76. 1 m long and 13.8 m wide, integrating tourism, catering, entertainment and fitness. Xu Youfang, then Minister of Forestry, called it "the first ship in forestry" and inscribed the name of the ship "Gongga Mountain". 1July 1996, the cruise ship Gongga Mountain was put into operation for the first time. As of June 1998, the cruise ship "Gongga Mountain" received 78 16 tourists, including 6 168 foreign guests from 22 countries and regions in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. In addition, it has hosted many large-scale national conferences.
1998, the state decided that Sichuan should take the lead in implementing the natural forest resources protection project to "benefit future generations". With the start of natural forest resources protection project, Sichuan Timber Water Transport Bureau was transformed into Afforestation Bureau, and timber water transport completed its historical mission.
History cannot be forgotten. At the beginning of the "Natural Forest Protection Project", some old water carriers sprouted the idea of recording the history of timber water transport in Sichuan. It is necessary to write the glorious history of Sichuan timber water transport for decades, the voices of hundreds of thousands of forestry workers and the elegant demeanor of tens of thousands of water transport workers. Write about the complex between the virgin forest in Tibetan areas and Minjiang Water Transport Bureau; Write about the spectacular drifting of tens of thousands of trees in Dadu River; Write the elegant demeanour of Yalong River Water Transport Bureau contacting Tibet forestry; Write about the great achievements of people in Xizang's selfless dedication to go out of the forest area and go to the Yangtze River to support national construction; Write down the deep feelings of Tibetan, Qiang, Yi, Hui and Han nationalities in the past 50 years to unite and develop the economy in ethnic areas on forestry; Write down the feelings of unity, tolerance and harmonious coexistence of Tibetan, Qiang, Yi, Hui and Han compatriots; Write the important position, primary position, basic position and special position of forestry in social life; Write down the sense of pride, honor, mission and responsibility of forestry workers, as well as the historical significance of these "four orientations" and "four consciousnesses" and the connotation that ecological forestry should express today.
In 2007, some people of insight began to write books. After a lot of work, we got the support of the government, allocated special funds from the finance, and some villagers who used to be water transport workers also generously contributed to compiling history. 20 10, the writing of Sichuan timber shipping history officially began. After three years' efforts, the History of Sichuan Timber Shipping with nearly one million words was published on 20 13. Xu Youfang and Wang Zhibao, former forestry ministers, prefaced the History of Sichuan Timber Waterway, praising the publication of the History of Sichuan Timber Waterway as a meaningful thing and worth reading. "With simple words, this epic story is described, which makes the powerful wandering songs and wandering songs linger in my ears and reverberate in my heart. The person who created this history and described this history is worthy of reverence. " The old leaders and current directors of Sichuan Forestry Department wrote inscriptions for the History of Sichuan Timber Waterway.
The Forestry Department of Sichuan Province attaches great importance to this period of history and records it as an important part of ecological and cultural construction. The Sichuan Forestry Propaganda Center took three months to shoot and produce a feature film "Wandering Years" reflecting Sichuan's past timber transportation. Several old leaders of Sichuan Forestry Department personally participated in the filming.
Let's listen to the disappearance of the old water truck again: