Folk songs are one of the representative genres of China folk songs. They are short folk songs that people sing at will in individual labor life, such as grazing, chopping wood, carrying loads, weeding and walking mountains. Singers are completely free from the restrictions of the labor rhythm they are engaged in, and they can sing whatever they want. Singing is full of the characteristics of freedom, unrestrained, stretching and long. Folk songs in China are widely spread, but mainly concentrated in the plateaus and mountainous areas in the southwest, northwest and north. There are also the Dabie Mountains at the junction of Henan, Hubei and Anhui, and the folk songs at the intersection of Wuyishan, Luo Xiao and Nanling Mountains in northeast Guangdong, south Jiangxi and west Fujian. Representative folk songs are: northern Shaanxi? Xintianyou; Inner Mongolia? "mountain climbing"; Northwest Shanxi? "Folk songs"? "rotten mat"; Gansu Qinghai Ningxia? Flowers (or? "Youth"); Dabie mountain area? "slow cow"; South Sichuan? "Morning Song" (aka? Divine Comedy); Yi people in Yunnan? Algae cavity; Tibetan? “Rai”； South Jiangxi, west Fujian and northeast Guangdong? Hakka folk songs; Hmong? Flying song; Yao nationality? "that law"; Zhuang? "Huan"? "than"; Daur? "Za Ender" and so on. Every nation or region has its own relatively stable folk songs, styles and idioms.
(2) Labor chant
Labor horn commonly known as? "Prison" or? Whistle is one of the important genres of China folk songs, which is widely spread in various provinces and regions of China. Its main function is to unify everyone's labor rhythm, coordinate labor actions and adjust people's labor emotions. All kinds of productive labor produced all kinds of labor songs.
Such as marine fishermen's chant, river boatman's chant, dock loading and unloading chant, forest chant, site construction chant, Song of the Salt Worker? "Continuous operations"? Car Water Song? "Beat the stone" and so on. The music of every labor song is closely related to the characteristics of this labor action. Different labor will produce different musical images and singing forms.
What is the basic singing method of labor bugle? "One master and one people" is the mainstay. That is, one person leads, and everyone closes; Or everyone leads and everyone closes. In slow-paced chanting, the leading sentence is longer and the ending sentence is slightly shorter; In intense labor, the leading sentence and the combined sentence are very short. In addition, generally speaking, the combined sentence enters after the end of the leading sentence, but there are also structural forms in which the combined sentence enters before the end of the leading sentence, resulting in the overlap of the two voices.
(3) Rice area? Tian Ge.
The Yangtze River and Pearl River basins in China are one of the largest rice growing areas in the world. Since ancient times, rice farmers have been used to singing for fun when transplanting rice seedlings, weeding, transporting water and digging land. These folk songs have various names, and are usually called Tian Ge. Among them, the famous ones are: south-central Jiangsu? "Gedongdai", gongs and drums; Shanghai Qingpu? Brother Tian Shan? Tian Ge; Anhui? "Shout yangko"? Yangko; Jiangxi? Mow the mountain drum,? Pass the parcel; Hubei? Changyang grass gongs and drums? "cavity" Grass Song? Yuan 'an Flower Drum; Hunan? "Step on Tian Ge"? Dong "; Fujian? " Tian Yun's poetry "; Guangdong and Guangxi? "Playing gongs and opening folk songs"? " Insert Tian Ge "; Cloud, expensive and Sichuan? "Grass cutting song" and so on.
Tian Ge's singing style basically retains the characteristics of the labor chant and is widely adopted? "collar" "Combination" form? The form of "lead singer" and take turns singing, as well as the form of combination songs. However, unlike the labor chant, Tian Ge is restricted and dominated by the labor rhythm in rhythm and beat. It starts and ends freely, singing slowly and happily. In this respect, he is close to the theme of folk songs. Therefore, "Tian Ge" is a kind of folk song theme between labor songs and folk songs.
(4) towns? "minor"
Minor (or ditty) is a genre of folk songs widely spread in towns and markets. For a long time, through the processing and tempering of professional and semi-professional folk artists in cities and towns, a series of theme features have been formed, such as unified structure, regular rhythm, delicate tunes and diverse theme contents. Modern minor tracks can be roughly divided into three categories. One kind is a minor evolved from the folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Folk songs of the Ming Dynasty, such as Parasitic Grass, Goat on the Hillside, Noisy Wugeng and Playing with Children; Folk songs of the Qing Dynasty, such as Cut Indigo Flowers and Jade Elang. The other is local minor.
That is, some minor folk songs that are not widely circulated and are limited to a certain area. The tone of this kind of folk songs is closely combined with dialects in specific areas, such as dialects in various places. "Flowers"? Children's Songs? Shake children's songs? "Take this job" and so on. The third category is a minor in singing and dancing. That is, minor songs sung in folk festivals and songs and dances in the north and south, such as those in northern provinces? Yangko Tune? Hua Gutiao; What about the south? "softly" Tea Song and so on.
(5) Yunling? "double tone"
For a long time, people thought that China's folk songs were monosyllabic. It was not until the late 1940s that musicians began to observe the phenomenon that a group of singers sang two voices at the same time in some minority areas in southwest China. As a result, China changed the past. Some views on "polyphonic" folk songs.
It is known that the distribution of multi-voice folk songs in China is mainly concentrated in ethnic minority areas in the southwest and south, namely Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Yao, Buyi, Maonan, Miao, Naxi, Jingpo, Yi, Gaoshan and Mongolian in the north.
These? The parts used in "two-tone" folk songs are mostly dense intervals of the same degree, second degree, third degree, fourth degree and fifth degree. The appearance and application of these harmonies are not accidental, but a conscious choice after long-term singing practice. Its unique color has become the most obvious feature of China's two-part folk songs. Hakka folk songs
Hakka folk songs mainly include Hakka folk songs and Hakka nursery rhymes. Popular in Meixian, xingning city, Wuhua and Zijin counties in eastern Guangdong, Shanghang, Ninghua, Liu Qing and Yongding in western Fujian, Xingguo, Ruijin and Yongxin in southern Jiangxi, Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli in northern Taiwan Province. Sing in Hakka.
Folk songs in northern Shaanxi
Northern Shaanxi is a place where folk songs gather. There are many kinds of folk songs, which are commonly called "folk songs" or "sour songs" locally. There are many kinds of folk songs in northern Shaanxi, including Four Seasons Songs, Wugeng Tune, Langong Tune, Jiuge, Yangge, Labor Songs, Song and Dance Music, Yulin Xiaoqu, Weibei Folk Songs, Shaanxi Suite, Errentai, Folk Songs, Religious Songs, Exploring Family Tunes, etc. , mainly in minor and belief in heaven.
Yunnan folk songs
Yunnan is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China, including Yi, Bai, Dai, Hani, Zhuang, Miao, Wa, Hui, Naxi, Lahu, Jingpo, Yao, Tibetan, Bulang, Achang, Mongolian, Benglong, Dulong and Pumi. In the lives of people of all ethnic groups, folk singing activities occupy a particularly important position and almost penetrate into all fields of life. The representative Yunnan folk songs are Zhu Fengbo's Running Water and Embroidered Pocket. According to its genre, it can be divided into three categories: chant (labor chant), folk song and ditty.
The folk songs of all ethnic groups in China are extremely rich, from the "national style" in the Book of Songs to various folk song anthologies collected and published after liberation. As for the traditional folk songs and Xinmin songs that are still circulating among the people, they are even more numerous. Formally, these folk songs are not only folk songs, children's songs, four folk songs and various labor songs, but also Zhuang's "Huan", "Bai's" Bai Qu ","Hui's ","Miao's "and Dong's" Da Ge ",all of which have their own unique forms. Folk songs are rich in content and diverse in forms. love song
According to some scholars, it probably originated from the alternation of husband and wife monogamy. It is one of the largest and most popular folk songs, and occupies a very important position in the love life of working people, especially ethnic minorities. ; It can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① those who confide in each other's love and show the criteria of mate selection, such as "silk thread approaches the bridge" and "gold and silver are unhappy"; and (2) those who express their feelings of parting, such as "you are in the picture" and "harmony is one person". (3) Express faithful love that will never be separated, such as "I would rather be beaten than lose my job" and "Go out to the yamen and hold hands". (4) Complaining love songs warning criticism, such as: "Learn from amaranth, never learn from pepper" and "Miss Lang lost her heart". ⑤ A large number of derailed songs, such as "Home flowers are not as good as wild flowers", although they contain some unhealthy thoughts and feelings, often show the yearning and pursuit of a happy life for people deprived of normal love life.
children's song
The word "May 4th" was not widely used until after the May 4th Movement in China. In ancient times, they were called "songs of obedient children" and "children's songs". Children's songs can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, it refers to songs created by children themselves and taught by adults, but the content conforms to children's physiological and psychological characteristics and understanding ability. Broadly speaking, it also includes songs taught by mothers and grandmothers, which reflect the feelings of adults, especially women, in the old society, but are sung by children. The so-called "nursery rhymes" with the nature of current political ballads are generally not real nursery rhymes. Children's songs can be roughly divided into three categories according to their functions: playing children's songs, teaching children's songs and tongue twisters to train language skills.