Ergot belongs to a ascomycete, which is most easily parasitized in the ovaries of gramineous plants such as rye and barley, and develops into hard brown to black horny sclerotia, which is called ergot. When people eat the flour containing ergot, they will be poisoned and begin to cramp their limbs, then their hands, feet, breasts and teeth will feel numb, and then the muscles in these parts will gradually fester and peel off until they die. This is terrible. People call this disease ergot disease. Livestock eating ergot-infected gramineous grasses can also cause serious poisoning.
Ergot disease once became a great harm to people and animals, and it was called the devil of the Middle Ages. However, like many infectious diseases, once people know and master their characteristics, it is possible to turn bad things into good things. By the18th century, with the improvement and development of flour industry, ergot mixed in wheat was removed and ergot disease was controlled. Moreover, ergot is found to contain an alkaloid, which can promote vasoconstriction, muscle spasm and nerve paralysis. It can be made into effective hemostatic and powerful abortion agent, making it a drug with good curative effect in obstetrics and gynecology. As a result, ergot, the "black sheep" in the fungal family, has changed from evil to good and has become something useful to human beings. Ergot kills people without seeing blood. Xibo people in Chabuchar county, northwest Xinjiang, often get sick and die every spring because they eat homemade "Myitsone paste" (a kind of food similar to sweet noodle sauce). According to research, this is because there are a lot of Botox hidden in the raw Mycenae sauce. These secret killers multiply rapidly and release highly toxic botulinum toxin at the same time. The pure product of this exotoxin can kill 20 million mice as long as it is as heavy as a small sesame. People think that botulinum toxin is the most poisonous poison at present.
Clostridium botulinum can not survive in aerobic environment, and often appears in canned meat without proper disinfection or in meat products and seafood that have been left for too long. After eating this kind of food, Botox will appear nausea and vomiting, and then fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, diplopia and other symptoms; The throat mucosa is dry, the throat feels tight, and then it is difficult to swallow and speak; The whole body is weak until it is life-threatening. Therefore, canned meat, meat products and seafood that do not meet the hygiene standards or expire must never be eaten again to avoid poisoning. The spores of Clostridium botulinum need to be heated and boiled for 8 hours under neutral conditions to be killed, which shows that its vitality is extremely strong and should be paid great attention to. Cordyceps fungi parasitize insects, making the insect's body become a stiff worm covered with hyphae, and the front end of the stiff worm produces a stalk-like or rod-like pedestal. Cordyceps sinensis [Cordyceps sinensis (France. Link] is a large category of insect pathogenic fungi, with 3 16 species recorded in Qingshui ceremony alone. It is also reported that so far, more than 350 species of Cordyceps have been recorded. Most of them are entomogenous fungi, with more than 70 species distributed in China. Life history is divided into two stages: sexual and asexual, that is, generational alternation.
Cordyceps sinensis is the most common in this genus, which is parasitic on the larvae of LEPIDOPTERA insects. Killed insects (such as inchworm) burrow into the soil in winter, and Cordyceps sinensis gives birth to a stalk (so-called grass) from the killed insects in summer. There are only two or three auxiliary seats, which are rare. They are 4- 1 1 cm long and 1.5-4 mm thick at the base. They gradually taper upward, and their heads do not expand or expand into a cylindrical shape, brown, full at first, and then become hollow. Ascomycetes are ovoid to ovoid, born near the surface of the base, and the base is slightly trapped in the base. Ascomycetes are produced in ascomycetes and are slender. Each ascus contains two ascospores with septa, which are transparent and linear.
The fruiting body and insect body of Cordyceps militaris. It can also be used as a medicine for Cordyceps sinensis.
Cordyceps sinensis is composed of insect body and fungal stroma growing from insect head. The worm is like a silkworm, with a body length of 3 ~ 5 cm and a diameter of 0.3 ~ 0.8 cm. The surface is dark yellow to yellowish brown, with 20 ~ 30 ring lines, and the ring lines near the head are thinner; The head is reddish brown, with 8 pairs of feet and 4 pairs in the middle. Fragile, easily broken, slightly flat section, yellow and white. The base is slender and cylindrical, 4 ~ 7 cm long and about 0.3 cm long; In diameter; The surface is dark brown to brown with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and the upper part is slightly enlarged; The material is flexible and the cross section is white. The smell is slightly fishy and the taste is slightly bitter.
Has the effects of nourishing lung yin, tonifying kidney yang, relieving cough, resolving phlegm, preventing cancer and resisting aging. It is a product for nourishing yin and strengthening yang, and it is not taboo (it can be eaten by men, women and children, and it is the most widely suitable tonic for people. It is very beneficial to the body without taboo, nourishing yin and benefiting the lungs and kidneys, and it is mild in nature, unlike people attending the meeting, which makes people feel hot and dry, with the benefits of ginseng and no harm from ginseng). Can be used for treating pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, impotence and nocturnal emission. Such as Dongbao Gantai, Bering Capsule and Jinshuibao. In addition, after illness, the body is weak, sweating and afraid of cold. Cordyceps sinensis can be stewed with ducks, chickens and pork, which has the effect of tonifying deficiency and helping the weak. Modern research shows that Cordyceps sinensis has antiasthmatic effect. This product is mixed with pill powder, and the dosage is 5g- 10g each time.