Teaching Plan Design of Drinking by Tao Yuanming 1 1. Quality Education Objectives
(A) knowledge teaching points
1, experience the characteristics of poetic language.
2. Understand Tao Yuanming's interest in pursuing a peaceful and free life.
3. Experience poetry.
(2) Key points of ability training
1, reading poetry depends on sound transmission. Read it aloud with emotion and read the meaning of the poem.
2. Understand poetry appreciation.
(C) moral education penetration point
1, learn the poet's elegance and noble moral integrity.
2. People's correct attitude towards nature-love.
(D) the starting point of aesthetic education
1. Feel the beauty of poetic language and rhythm.
2. Feel the artistic beauty of poetry.
3. Feel the beauty of the poet's personality.
Second, the guidance of learning methods
Cognition-Analysis and Appreciation-Comment-Action
Three. Key points, difficulties, doubts and solutions
1, key points
Thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
2. Difficulties
1), the background of creation. 2), the poet's overall evaluation.
Step 3 suspect
Understanding of key words.
Step 4: Solutions
1), pay attention to reading training and read aloud to promote understanding.
2) Introduce the background by combining Tao Yuanming's poems.
3) Expand poetry appreciation with similar poems.
Fourth, the class schedule
1 class hour
Verb (abbreviation of verb) media design
Recorder "Guzheng Mountain Flowing Water", projector "Tao Poetry Appreciation Poetry"
Sixth, the design of teacher-student interaction activities.
1, read poetry.
2. Ask questions, answer questions and guide questions.
3. recite poems.
4, ancient poetry-cleverly fill in the name of the plant.
Seven, teaching steps
I. Introduction
China's traditional literature is extensive and profound, and poetry and prose are two clear springs, which we should constantly draw, so that they can stay in the blood forever and benefit for life. In the last semester of Grade Three, we studied Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Which student can recite: "prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm." Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I will come back in chrysanthemum time. " We can see that the poet washed away the hustle and bustle of the city and the lead of the world, and painted a beautiful and quiet pastoral scenery and a circle of farm life for us. It shows the beautiful scenery of the mountain village, the quiet life and the friendship between old friends, and reveals the poet's interest in indifferent fame and fortune and his pursuit of leisurely and quiet pastoral life. You can also know which poets are also pastoral poets (Wang Wei
Second, the background
Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang, posthumous title. In his autobiographical prose, he is called "Mr. Wu Liu" (there are five or six trees near the house, so that's the name)
His life experience can be divided into three stages.
Before I was twenty-nine, at home, I had the ambition to "escape from the four seas" and "benefit for life".
Twenty-nine to forty-one, or in the official or hidden period, "one heart and two ends."
At the age of forty-one, he resigned from Peng's seclusion and devoted himself to farming. When he was doing Peng in Historical Records, the county sent a tour to the county, and the county officials asked him to come and say hello to show his respect. He said, "I don't want to bow down to the children in the village for Wudoumi." He left home that day and wrote the famous "Gui Xi Ci" to express his determination to retire. "The world is contrary to me. What do you want from driving again? " Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. "In the book" Returning to the Garden "written the following year, Zeng's ambition and view of the secular world were" getting better and better, and naturally loving Qiushan. "Being an official is' falling into the dust net by mistake, staying in the cage for a long time', and returning home is' returning to nature' (the nature here not only refers to returning to the embrace of nature, but also includes the so-called pure nature of Taoism, which restores distorted human nature to the face of nature)
Masterpieces: Poems "Returning to the Garden", "Drinking" and "Peach Blossom Garden Poetry"
The origin of the idiom "Xanadu" in the prose "Peach Blossom Garden" is that "the land is flat and spacious, the houses are like bamboo and mulberry, fertile fields and beautiful ponds, and there are chickens and dogs coming and going between buildings." Among them, men and women pretend to be strangers, and the yellow flowers hang down and enjoy themselves. "
The Biography of Mr. Wuliu (a figure admired by progressive intellectuals in past dynasties) and Gui Xi Ci and other excellent works contain the boredom of officialdom and secular society, showing the interest of leading an honest and clean life and unwilling to bow down. Formally, it was against the flashy style of writing at that time, fresh and clear, which had a great influence on later writers. Wang Wei once wrote, "Re-value the meaning of drunkenness, and sing a wild poem at Wuliu? "Self-comparison, opening pastoral schools.
Third, know
Problem solving: This is the fifth poem of Drinking, a group of 20 words, which is a miscellaneous poem written by Tao Yuanming after drinking.
In ancient times, wine had a close relationship with people, which could relieve troubles and increase prosperity.
Du Kang is the only one who can relieve Cao Cao's worries.
Li Bai, until, holding up my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make the three of us. Hundreds of Li Bai's poems about fighting wine.
Du Fu, my singing is loud, my wine is deep, and I am happy to go home with my youth.
Wang Wei advises you to drink one more glass of wine. It makes no sense to go to Yangguan in the west.
Tao also said from the cloud: sex is addicted to alcohol, and drinking is drunk.
As the saying goes: Speak the truth after drinking. Let's take a look at Tao Yuanming's truth again.
Step 2 read for the first time
Read word for word, with the help of notes, read the correct pronunciation, understand the meaning of words, and understand the meaning of words.
3. Step by step reading-analysis-appreciation.
The teacher read the first four sentences: building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. Why can you ask him? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Point out and turn-contradictory people have no cars and horses.
Ask yourself and answer yourself-empty and meaningful.
Read it all (pay attention to the rising tone of the question and meaningful answers)
To sum up: he is in a human environment, but he can do "no car and no horse" and not dye worldly things. What is the reason? The poet said meaningfully that "the heart is far away from oneself". Since the heart is far away from the secular world, it is natural to feel that the place to live is very secluded.
The blackboard is telecentric-the bones are static-the environment is static.
This is a profound truth, you don't care about poverty, wealth, fame and fortune, even if you live in a busy city, it's like being on a mountain. The poet said it was very kind and touching. One day, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China was able to chant Buddhist scripture, say "flag moves", say "wind moves" and be wise to say "heart moves".
Students read together and experience poetry.
Then the poet followed the trend and wrote infinite interest.
Teacher Fan read the last six sentences: picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan, the mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are returning. There is real meaning in this. I have forgotten what I want to say.
Clear from beginning to end: beauty lies in "leisure"-no intention to see the mountains.
"Look" is not "look" or "look"-the scene has entered the heart.
Touching the scene, blending with naturalization, and entering a higher realm.
Experience the closeness between man and nature, and consider the distance and proximity of the city.
You,
Look back at me,
Looking back at the clouds,
I think,
When you look at me from a distance,
You observe the clouds up close.
This is a wonderful portrayal of the elegance and leisure of the pastoral life advocated by the poet, and it is also the elegant dream pursued by the author. In Wang Wei's poems, he is also said to be carefree, "leaning against a stick outside the purple door, I listen to the cicada singing in the evening breeze."
As for the word "Ju", we can see from Su Dongpo's Winter Scene that the word "Ao" has its meaning.
In Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus", Ceng Yun's "Tao Jin Yuanming Loves Chrysanthemum Alone" can be clear and white, which shows that it is noble in moral integrity and indifferent to fame and fortune.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
In "Returning to the Garden", "Birds love the old forest, and the fish in the pool miss the source."
The word "Come home to Xi" says, "When you come out of the hole unintentionally, the bird will know when it is tired."
It can be seen that this sentence has two meanings: 1). In myself, the bird knows the return, I know the return, and I have returned.
2), people are there, birds know back, why not accept this beautiful home and join the quiet and beautiful natural embrace? This is the call of true feelings. Inspired by nature, the poet's heart became calm, and he realized the real meaning: birds make at sunrise, come out in the day, and entrust nature completely. I jumped into nature like a bird for a hundred years, and I was happy. Just like the cloud in Elegy, "What's a pity to die?" This is close to the natural inaction of Laozi and Zhuangzi, returning to simplicity. But does the poet realize it? -leads to the last sentence.
Point out the truth-bone marrow
It is difficult to talk with you about the beauty in Niannujiao Crossing Dongting Lake by Zhang Xiaoxiang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Li Bai's "Questions and Answers in the Mountains", he asked Yu what it meant to live in the blue mountains, and laughed without answering his heart. Peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly go away, and there is no world. "
To sum up, the poet is aware of it but doesn't want to analyze it in detail. This sentence shows an extremely broad and free inner world, which is the world that Tao Yuanming pursues all his life. The highest realm of life cultivation is beyond many people's understanding. It can be seen that his poem "contains a little sadness in breadth and a little weight in elegance." )
At this time, the combination of scenery and emotion is the perfect realm of poetry.
Taste, discuss and read together.
Listen to the teacher's demonstration reading "High Mountains and Flowing Water"
Students read together.
Comments:
1, Tao self-evaluation, "nature is natural, not corrected."
2. Song Chen Shidao commented that "Yuan Ming is not a poem, but a wonder in the chest."
3. Jin Yuanzhang asked, "A word is natural and eternal, and luxury is exhausted."
Qi and xing
1, learn the dazzling side of King Kong. "Jingwei hold micro wood, required the sea. Xingtian dances in Qi and is determined to be constant. "
2, wash its negative: * * Mian: "The road is long, Xiu Yuan, I will go up and down."
"One day, I will ride the long wind, break through the stormy waves, sail straight and build a bridge on the deep sea."
3. Love and enjoy nature.
A moment of relaxation: pick up your interest in ancient poetry and fill in the names of plants skillfully.
1, mining () under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan. 2, people are idle () flowers fall, and the night is quiet.
3. In April, the beauty of the world was exhausted, and the mountain temple () was first opened. 4. Like a strong spring wind, it blows in the dark and thousands of trees () open.
5, spring scenery can not close the garden, a () out of the wall. 6, people don't know where to go, () still laughing at the spring breeze.
7, bamboo outside () three or two branches, Chunjiang plumbing duck prophet. 8, wet clothes () rain, blowing cold willows.
9. Lotus leaves are infinitely blue, reflecting the sun () differently. 10, riding a princess of mortals and laughing, no one knows it is ().
1 1. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy points to () village. 12, () () has no talent, only knows to fly in the snow.
13, when you passed my silk window, Meihua asked, () Did you spend it? 14, stop and love () night, () is redder than February flowers.
15, () there is no shelter from the rain, () there is still a branch in Ao Shuang.
blackboard-writing design
Drinking and Tao Yuanming
Enlightenment and Action: Pursuing and loving nature.
Comments: the unity of scenery, emotion, meaning and reason
Leisure, complacency-pride
Analysis and appreciation: but peace of mind
Distant mind-pastoral bone
Leisure-an elegant dream is love.
Truth-Bone marrow is natural.
Know: background and significance
Teaching Plan Design of Drinking 2 by Tao Yuanming I. teaching material analysis
This poem is selected from the Collection of Tao Yuanming, which is the representative work of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. Drinking was written by Tao Yuanming after he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. This group of five-character ancient poems ***20 were written by chance and improvised by poets after drinking, in order to express their feelings, not just drinking. He mostly uses the topic of "drinking" to speak his mind, express his true feelings and write his feelings about the world and life. The textbook is the fifth song, and the writing time is about twelve years after the author returned to the field. This poem illustrates the truth that "the heart is far away from itself" by describing the scene in front of us. Express the author's comfortable mood and rich spiritual life from natural scenery. Among drinking poems, this poem has the most elegant style.
In the Chinese version of the experimental textbook, "drinking" is arranged in the sixth unit of the second volume of the seventh grade. To learn the teaching focus of this unit, it is necessary to inspire students to understand the author's writing intention and the main idea of the article on the basis of grasping the content of poetry. Especially the poem "Drinking", although the text is simple and easy to understand, it is still difficult for seventh-grade students to understand the main idea of the poem. Therefore, teaching reference books require teachers to supplement certain background knowledge about writers' works according to students' reality.
Second, the analysis of learning situation
Most of the seventh-grade students are boys and girls around 14 years old. They grew up in the 265,438+0th century, advocating originality and individuality. Western values of life have influenced them more or less, but they don't know much about China's traditional thought of seclusion. In addition, they haven't been in contact with China's classical poems for a long time, so it is still difficult to understand and grasp them. Therefore, teachers should make full use of Chinese lessons and edify them with national culture.
Third, the teaching objectives
Teaching objectives:
1. Get to know Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet, and grasp the main contents of his poems.
2. Understand the writing style of integrating scenery, emotion and reason in the poem.
3. Experience the artistic conception of the poem through reading aloud, imagination and association, the poet's feelings and the artistic conception of the poem.
(B) teaching focus: grasp the main content of poetry, learn to appreciate.
(3) Teaching difficulties: to understand the writing method of integrating scenery, emotion and reason in poetry, and to understand the artistic conception of poetry.
Fourth, design ideas.
When preparing before class, let the students ask questions. There may be many kinds of problems: words, poems, background of the times, author's situation, etc. Teachers don't have to answer questions, but start the class discussion first, so that students can choose what they are interested in and interpret it after class. Then in class, teachers and students will discuss the questions raised and answer them.
When studying this poem, students should experience the thoughts and feelings of this poem through repeated reading. Attention can be paid to guiding students to understand the key sentences in this poem from the poet's experience and thoughts. Those excellent poems that express the theme of poetry and the author's feelings should be written silently and used flexibly in Chinese practice.
Five, teaching methods:
Introduce the background and read it repeatedly; Associative imagination, discussion and appreciation
Sixth, learn the law:
Read, discuss and explore independently.
7. Teaching hours: 1 hour.
Eight, teaching preparation
Before class, arrange students to know about Tao Yuanming's life and works, and realize his noble integrity and his beautiful yearning for natural life.
teaching process
First, create situations to introduce new lessons.
Through the introduction of the relationship between China's landscapes and literati, landscapes are only famous for their poems. Lushan Mountain is called a quiet sacred place because Tao Yuanming once lived in seclusion at the foot of the mountain.
Second, introduce the author's literary knowledge
This paper briefly introduces the relevant materials of Tao Yuanming by using the big screen (starting from five aspects: name, time, place, evaluation and writing).
Please exchange the retrieved relevant materials and information, introduce Tao Yuanming's life experience and the reasons for his resignation and seclusion.
Life of Tao Yuanming: Tao Qian, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a brilliant poet with distinctive personality. People in Jiujiang, Jiangxi today. His grandfather and father were both officials, and his grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. But by the time Tao Yuanming arrived, his family had already declined. In the early stage (before 4 1 year), I was eager to make progress and make a difference. He once served as a wine offering ceremony in Jiangzhou and joined the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song, Peng He and other small officials. However, due to the contradiction between Confucianism and Taoism, he was indecisive when he became an official. In the later period (after 4 1 year-old), the social situation was turbulent, the official career was sinister, the official politics was corrupt, and the door-valve system was strict. It was impossible for a poor man among the civilians to break through the monopoly of the door-valve gentry on the power of senior officials. His arrogant temper made him unwilling to cater to the tricks of officialdom, and he insisted on the concept of "helping the world if you are poor". Tao Yuanming finally resigned and returned to his hometown.
Third, the overall perception and understanding of poetry.
1. Read the text by yourself
Students can read the text freely to solve the problem of new words.
Read the name out loud.
Ask a student to read the text aloud. Other students can compare with each other and master the correct pronunciation.
Taste reading
Teachers and students discuss how to deal with intonation, tone and rhythm when reading aloud. This is an idyllic poem, the intonation, tone and rhythm should be relaxed, and the reading should be two-thirds structured. First, a single student demonstrates, and finally everyone reads together to get a preliminary understanding of the meaning of the poem.
4. Group cooperation
Guide students to understand the content of the poem by themselves with the notes in the book, outline the doubts and discuss them in groups, then communicate in class, pay attention to the accuracy and fluency of translation, and try to conform to the language style of the original poem.
Add the precautions for drinking.
Noisy: A noisy sound.
② Jun: refers to Tao Yuanming. Suppose someone asks Tao Yuanming.
3. The mind is far away from self-centeredness: a person's mind has been far away from worldly entanglements, and the place where he lives naturally appears quiet.
4 identification: explanation.
⑤ Forgetting words: I can't think of any words to express them.
Fourth, answer questions and deepen understanding.
After reading the translation, you will find that there is not a word about wine in the whole poem. Why is it called-drinking?
(clear: Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" group poem 1 * * * 20. For drunken poets, twenty poems are in order. Understand this preface first, because it is very helpful to understand Twenty Drinking Songs. )
I live alone, longer than the night, occasionally have famous wine, and don't drink it every night. Gu Ying was alone, and suddenly he was drunk again. There are a lot of questions about entertaining yourself after drunkenness. Without explanation, I told my old friend to write a book, thinking I was laughing.
Fifth, discuss and appreciate the taste of poetry.
Teachers and students cooperate to understand and appreciate some important words and sentences.
1. Since we live in an environment where people come and go, why is there no noise from cars and horses?
Clear: The "hustle and bustle" here does not refer to the hustle and bustle of ordinary people going to work at ordinary times, but should refer to the "fame and fortune of upper-class communication and secular communication". "No chariots and horses" means that the author alienated those chariots and horses who rushed to the secular world and looked down on power, status, wealth, honor and so on.
2. How to understand the meaning of "the heart is far away from itself"?
Qing: The third sentence asks, "What can you do?" This is indeed a surprising and concerned issue. As a result of self-answer, the fourth sentence is better: "The heart is far from being biased." My mind is far away from the social officialdom for fame and fortune, from the secular world, and from the cars and horses running around the secular world, so my place has become quiet.
The first four sentences are the first layer of the poem, which express a person's attitude towards life from a philosophical height and depict the poet's distinctive mental outlook. Without the desire for fame and fortune, even living in a downtown area is no different from living in a deep mountain. The poet told this profound truth in simple language.
3. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are going home" are famous sentences that integrate scenery and emotion and are full of artistic conception. Students are required to expand their imagination and association to experience this artistic beauty.
Students can have their own imagination and association, as long as they talk about the indifferent and leisurely artistic conception of poetry and the artistic conception of the unity of things and me. )
(1) The poet picked chrysanthemums at will in the garden, leaning down and leaning up, overlooking Nanshan, and inadvertently looked up and met Nanshan (Lushan). The beautiful scenery of Nanshan just set off the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, and synthesized the "land without me" that I forgot, thus marking the poet's carefree, indifferent and detached feelings and quiet mood.
(2) Some versions of "Seeing" of "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" are called "Wang". Can you tell me the advantages and disadvantages of the two versions?
Clear: "look" is casual, "look" is staring. In other words, "looking" is a conscious gaze, and "looking" is an unconscious glance. The use of "Kan" accords with the author's interest in "carefree", but the use of "Kan" lacks the feeling of "carefree". So Su Dongpo also said: If it is "looking", this poem will become dull.
(3) "The air in the mountains is getting better, and the birds return": the mist in the mountains rises in the sunset, and if it means something, it diffuses between the peaks; Groups of birds flew back to their nests and hid in the mountains. This is the peace and perfection of nature, and it will not be as anxious as people in the secular world, so desperately pursuing things other than life. The poet seems to have completely melted into nature, and life reached a perfect state at that moment. Scene logistics reveals the poet's self-satisfaction after retirement, and the artistic conception is quiet and serene.
In these four sentences, man and nature are integrated and complement each other, forming a quiet and leisurely scene. )
4. How to understand the poetry of the sentence "There is a real meaning in it, but I want to distinguish it and forget to say it"?
Clarity: these two sentences are obviously the summary of the whole poem: in this, we can understand the true meaning of nature and life, but we want to say it, but we don't know how to say it. In fact, the true meaning and interest of this life can't be expressed in words.
5. Please talk about the performance characteristics of this poem in combination with your previous understanding of this poem.
Clarity: The poet completed the ingenious integration of emotion, scenery and reason. The poet wrote beautiful and distant scenery and carefree feelings, which contains the philosophy that everything is in its place in the realm of scenery blending. In the poem, the people who look at the mountains leisurely and the birds who fly back to the forest set each other off as if they had found a home in the quiet forest. Generally speaking, although the language of this poem is simple, its structure is exquisite, its artistic conception is lofty and its philosophy is profound.
Sixth, read it again and try to recite it.
This poem is a very good poem, with sincere feelings and everything is natural. In particular, "ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-centered" is also very enlightening to us today. We live in a very modern and noisy society. Although we can't live in seclusion in the mountains like Tao Yuanming, as long as each of us stays away from worldly distractions and temptations, then we will overcome some impetuous emotions and make our mood quiet. You can taste the leisure of life like the ancients.