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Another advantage of regularly sorting out the hard disk is that when using software such as hard disk data recovery experts to recover files deleted by mistake, the chances of success are greater.
Of course, if you do these operations frequently, it will be harmful to the hard disk. Disk defragmentation should analyze the underlying hard disk, determine which data can be moved and which data cannot be moved, and then sort the files. Before the data structure of the hard disk is formally arranged, it will continue to randomly read and write data to other clusters, and then move the data back to the appropriate location after the order is arranged. These operations will take up a lot of CPU and disk resources.
Peek at Disk Defragmentation from Nine Aspects
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1. What is disk fragmentation?
In fact, disk fragmentation should be called file fragmentation, because files are stored in different parts of the whole disk, rather than in continuous clusters of disks.
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When the physical memory required by the application is insufficient, the general operating system will generate a temporary swap file in the hard disk, and use the hard disk space occupied by the file as virtual memory. Virtual memory management programs frequently read and write hard disks, resulting in a large number of fragments, which is the main cause of hard disk fragmentation.
Other settings such as temporary files or temporary file directories generated when IE browser browses information will also cause a large number of fragments in the system. File fragmentation generally does not cause problems in the system, but too many file fragments will make the system look back and forth when reading files, which will lead to the decline of system performance and even shorten the life of hard disk. In addition, excessive disk fragmentation may also lead to the loss of storage files.
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Second, how is disk fragmentation generated?
In a disk partition, files will be stored in different locations on the disk, rather than in continuous clusters on the disk. Moreover, because in the process of file operation, Windows system may call virtual memory to synchronize management programs, which will cause each program to read and write hard disk frequently, resulting in disk fragmentation.
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Third, the principle of disk reading and writing operation
After understanding the causes of disk fragmentation, it is necessary for us to understand the reading and writing actions of the disk when the program is running. Generally, when running a program, the job of the magnetic head of the disk drive is to search the files necessary for the program to run, then read the data, and finally do post-reading processing-transfer the data to the disk cache and memory. Search time is called average seek time in hard disk performance index, and the unit is milliseconds (ms). At present, the average seek time of the mainstream hard disk is less than 9.5 ms ... If the relevant files of the application can be placed in the continuous space of the disk, the head search time will be greatly reduced. The same is true when reading. The time required for a disk to read the data in the sector below the head is only one-fifth of the time required for moving the head to another position to read the same data. When reading a disk, the system first checks whether the data is in the cache, and if so, directly reads it; If not, access the disk, that is, read the disk. When the same data needs to be read many times, the cache plays a great role, but it is powerless to read a file for the first time. Therefore, the search time and reading time greatly affect the efficiency of program execution.
Why do you want to defragment the disk? Windows system can't automatically put every file in the most suitable position on the disk according to the principle of minimizing the head search time. So Microsoft added the "Disk Defragmenter" to Windows, and provided the "TaskMonitor" to track the disk activity during the program startup, so that the "Disk Defragmenter" can work more effectively. "TaskMonitor" automatically runs with Windows startup (of course, you have to select "TaskMonitor" in "Startup"). When an application is loaded, it knows the files searched and called when the program starts by listening to the disk access, locates the required files, and stores the monitoring results in the hidden directory of "C: \ Windows \ Appleg". Most files in this directory have the extension "". Lgx ",where" lg "stands for log file and" X "stands for drive letter, such as" lgd "of program D; The file name of the log file is the file name of the application monitored by TaskMonitor. For example, the WinZip program on E disk is recorded as "Winzip32.lge". When the user defragments the disk, the program will move the related files of the application to the continuous space on the disk according to the information in the Applog directory.
TaskMonitor only searches file information in the process of program loading, and adjusts the optimization order according to the loading frequency of the program, which means that the software that is used the most can get the most attention. Applog。 The ind file in the applog directory records the number of times the application runs. Users need to start common software several times, be monitored and recorded by TaskMonitor, and then use disk defragmentation to sort it out, so as to really improve the startup speed of the program. However, if users change common software, such as WinZip, and now use ZipMap, then for a long time, disk defragmentation will first move files related to WinZip to a continuous space instead of ZipMap, unless ZipMap is loaded more times than WinZip. To solve this problem, users can delete the "Winzip32.lgx" file, the record file does not exist, and disk defragmentation will not optimize it.
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Fourth, should I organize my hard disk regularly?
In fact, there should be no doubt that the hard disk should be sorted regularly. If the hard disk defragmentation will really damage the hard disk, it will be after nearly astronomical defragmentation.
When the hard disk is used for a long time, the storage location of the file will become fragmented-the contents of the file will be scattered in different locations on the hard disk. The existence of these "fragmented files" will reduce the working efficiency of hard disk and increase the possibility of data loss and data damage. The defragmenter collects these fragments together and stores them as a continuous whole on the hard disk. Windows comes with such a program: DiskDefragmenter, but in the tool software NortonUtilities and Nuts &; There is a better program like this in Bolts.
However, for the moving parts in the hard disk, defragmentation is really a big job. If the hard disk has reached the final stage of its life, defragmentation may indeed be suicide. But in this case, even without defragmentation, the hard disk will crash quickly.
In fact, in most cases, regular hard disk defragmentation will reduce hard disk wear. In any case, it is much easier for hard disk heads to read files from 1 than from 8. Therefore, a hard disk that is tidied every two or four weeks should last longer than a hard disk that is never tidied.
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Five, the preparation work before finishing
Before sorting out the hard disk, we usually have to clean up the junk information and check whether there are any errors, and finally we can talk about sorting out and optimizing the fragmentation. Therefore, before we tidy up the hard disk, we should do these things first:
1, the junk files and junk information on the hard disk should be cleaned up. After the system works for a period of time, there will be a lot of junk files, including temporary files generated when the program is installed, buffer files left when surfing the Internet, DLL files left when the software is deleted, and error files generated when it is forced to shut down. It is suggested that "novice" friends should use Microsoft's "disk cleaner" to do it for them. Of course, "old bird" can use some more powerful software or clean it manually.
2. Check and repair the errors in the hard disk. The first choice is Microsoft ScanDisk. Although its speed is really not so good, as long as you have enough patience, I believe that most of the system errors have been fixed after this program scans the disk in detail. Of course, you can also try other tools, such as "Norton WinDoctor" in Bian Que, which is much faster than "ScanDisk Tool" in Windows.
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Six, finishing methods and matters needing attention
In Windows, users can select Programs/Accessories/System Tools/Disk Defragmenter from the Start menu, pop up the drive selection window, select the partition to defragment, and then click OK to start defragmentation. However, this method is very time-consuming. For a partition of about 2GB, it usually takes more than 65,438+0 hours, so readers are advised to:
1. When defragmenting the disk, it is best to close all other applications, including the screen saver, and set the size of the virtual memory to a fixed value. Don't read or write to the disk. Once disk defragmentation finds that the files on the disk have changed, it will start defragmentation again.
2. The frequency of defragmentation should be properly controlled, and too frequent defragmentation will also shorten the life of the disk. Disk partitions that usually read and write frequently are sorted once a week.
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Seven, disk scanner command parameters
Command parameters can be said to be a basic skill in the DOS era, and many programs are started by command parameters. In the era of graphical interface, it is difficult to see its trace again, but it actually exists and plays a great role. For example, many Windows game installers are implemented with the /Setup parameter. Usually, we don't pay much attention to the command parameters of some programs, but they often contain some hidden functions, which are very helpful if used properly.
ScanDisk in Windows contains many command parameters, which can be realized in MS_DOS mode or in the Run dialog box. If you need to use command parameters frequently, you can also create shortcuts.
/SILENT starts ScanDisk, and no options and advanced settings are allowed.
/A Check all local hard drives.
/N Automatically start and exit ScanDisk.
/P Prevents ScanDisk from repairing the errors it found.
X: X means to specify the drive letter to check (the/command parameter is not required).
For example:
1) Check drive E, and automatically start and exit ScanDisk.
SCANDSKW E: /N
2) Check all hard disks to prevent ScanDisk from repairing any errors found.
SCANDSKW /A /P
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Eight, run other file sorting programs?
When running other disk file defragmenter (such as WinAlign), it may interfere with the data recorded by TaskMon. If you defragment directly at this time, it may not be worth the loss and achieve the purpose of optimizing performance. The solution is to run Windows and your most commonly used programs many times before defragmentation, so that TaskMon can collect correct statistics again and guide disk optimization.
Finally, when you start the disk defragmenter of Windows98, you may be surprised by the Intel logo in the interface. Why should processor manufacturers participate in writing this software to optimize the disk? This is because the slow hard disk seek time will lead to the decline of the overall performance of the system, which will damage the image of CPU's super computing power and make people mistakenly think that CPU performance is low. A test by Microsoft shows that starting Windows on Pentium 233 machine is only 3% faster than Pentium 150. In other words, even the fastest CPU can't overcome the shortcomings of disk delay. So, driven by the same interests, Intel and Microsoft jointly developed the disk defragmentation program of Windows98 to eliminate the bottleneck of slow hard disk seeking.
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Nine, how to quickly defragment the disk
Every time you need to defragment the disk, you need to choose Start * Programs * Accessories * System Tools * Disk Defragmenter, and then specify the drive, which is very troublesome. Is there a simple way to complete this series of operations?
In Windows Explorer, select the View * folder option (or View * option), select the File Types tab, and then select the drive in the list of registered file types. Click the Edit button to open the Edit File Type dialog box, select New, and type Quick Defragment in the Action column. Type "c: \ Windows \ defrag.exe"%1"\ noprompt" in the "Application used to perform this operation" column.
Click OK, then close, return to the File Types tab, and click Close. Now, turn on my computer, right-click the drive to defragment, and select "Quickly defragment" from the shortcut menu that pops up.