First, learn to cut interview materials.
We take notes after the interview, just like making clothes out of cloth, but having cloth doesn't mean making clothes. In order to make clothes, we must cut and process cloth. Similarly, if you want to organize the interview results into an interview draft, you should also learn to cut and process the materials.
How to cut and process? Is it based on the purpose of your interview to determine what content should be put first? What should be put in the back? What are the highlights of the interview? The key content should be written in detail, and the secondary content can be omitted or omitted. Of course, even if it is the key content, it is not necessary to write out all the languages of the interviewees. You can write the main content appropriately, but you must be careful not to take it out of context, which will misinterpret the intention of the interviewee.
Second, learn to write the environment of the interview site into the article.
If only the interview process is written in the interview draft, the article may seem a bit monotonous. In the interview process, we should learn to observe: observe the environment layout of the interviewee, observe the appearance of the interviewee, observe the changes of the interviewee's behavior ... These can be written in the interview draft appropriately, so that the article will be more interesting.
Three, the interview draft can be combined with direct quotation and indirect quotation.
If the interview is a question-and-answer dialogue, readers will feel bored after reading the article. You can combine direct quotation with indirect quotation when writing an article. For example, when introducing characters experience, indirect quotation can be used. When people tell their own stories, if direct quotation is used, the article will be more real and touching.
Respondents: trueno_ae86- Manager Level 4 10-3 10: 14.
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Spend more time looking for clues, collecting information and drawing up a perfect interview outline.
General news reports also attach great importance to the preliminary work of interviews. Journalists should be good at studying and analyzing information and writing an interview outline on this basis. However, this kind of data analysis is limited and the interview outline is relatively rough. Because the main purpose of general news interview is to obtain a relatively independent fact. Therefore, as long as journalists are good at asking questions, they will often gain something. However, the depth of a single and relatively independent fact is not enough for in-depth reporting. The study of "why" and "how" makes the collection and research of background information a place where journalists spend a lot of energy in in-depth reporting and early interview.
First of all, through the research and analysis of social reality and development, identify the hot and difficult issues that the audience is generally concerned about. Whether the subject matter can be selected accurately, sensitively and farsightedly is directly related to the success or failure of in-depth reporting. This requires journalists to have a keen sense of smell in real life and a wise grasp of social dynamics. Freezing Point of China Youth Daily is a column that is good at in-depth reporting, but those seemingly cold news events are just the tip of the iceberg of social hot and difficult issues for some time. Through hard investigation and study, journalists found the right subject matter in the messy and trivial clues.
Secondly, collect and analyze background information. The background of news events generally includes: supplementary historical materials, materials showing the relationship between things, materials providing necessary experiences for characters, data facts and so on. Collecting and analyzing these background materials is very important for the preparation of in-depth reports and interviews, and also has a far-reaching role in promoting the whole reporting process, including helping journalists get interview opportunities, quickly enter the interview role, and gain the trust of the interviewees. In order to interview Dr. Kissinger exclusively, CCTV reporter Shui Junyi analyzed Dr. Kissinger's personality characteristics on the basis of preparing a lot of relevant background materials, and then directly contacted Kissinger's office for an interview. He also explained the benefits of Kissinger's interview to the office staff, and finally let Kissinger accept an exclusive interview.
Finally, draft a comprehensive, in-depth and clear interview outline. The interview outline is the embodiment of journalists' logical thinking and thinking level. A good interview outline can help reporters strengthen their confidence, stay calm in the face of adversity, take the initiative in the interview and make the interview get perfect results. Du Junfei mentioned in the book Principles of In-depth Reporting that Lalu Gilland, a professor of journalism in Nevada, USA, had put forward an auxiliary formula for designing an interview outline, which had certain guiding significance. He reminded reporters that when designing problems, the following specific issues should be involved:
Goal-What do you (or the organization) want to achieve?
Obstacles-Do you have any problems? What is the current resistance?
Solution-How do you deal with these problems? Is there a solution to the contradiction?
When did this idea begin? Whose opinion is it based on?
Of course, the drafting of the interview outline also has a great relationship with the reporter's own interview habits and communication methods, but it is more important to ensure the uniqueness, accuracy, coherence, creativity and fascination of the question.
After all, the interview is nothing more than a lively and thoughtful conversation. Specific questioning skills include:
1, get to the point and get to the point. This method is to ask some difficult and closely related questions at the beginning, and then expand them into more general questions. Suitable for interviewing people who are good at words, quick thinking and confident. Cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you are frank and efficient, and cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you know what to do and are worth talking to.
2, from shallow to deep, ask questions and explore unknown details. In-depth reporting has many sharp problems, and sometimes it is inevitable for reporters to hit a wall. The interviewee is either nervous, evasive and irrelevant, or deliberately refuses, evasive and perfunctory. This requires reporters to have the perseverance and skills to ask questions. You can first use some broad topics to ease the atmosphere and gradually introduce topics; Or beat about the bush, trace back to the source, and lead to unknown details.
3. Inductive questions will lead to vivid and convincing dialogues. In leading questions, the interviewee should be sensitive and willing to argue, while the reporter should grasp the opportunity of conversation and induce the other party to give a positive answer with tone, intonation or wording. What kind of results will be produced by leading questions depends on the harmonious relationship between journalists and interviewees. Because leading questions can easily make the conversation uncompromising, but as long as a harmonious relationship is maintained, it may lead to unexpected truth.
4. Moderate silence. Silence is also an important skill in in-depth reporting, because most of the questions in in-depth reporting are targeted, targeted and exclusive, and it is necessary to leave time for the interviewee to think and explain the questions. Smart reporters generally don't interrupt the interviewees, so they may get direct questions that they can't get. Keeping a straight face is sometimes just as effective. Mike wallace, a famous American TV host, said, "I find that the most interesting thing in TV interview is to ask a beautiful question, and then you will be silent for three or four seconds after the other person answers, as if you are still expecting more answers from him. Do you know what will happen? The other party will feel a little embarrassed and talk to you about more things. "
Be good at observing and listening, and capture the facts that can't be revealed in the interview question and answer. Ai Feng reminded all reporters "don't forget to bring your eyes and ears when interviewing". We emphasize observation and listening, because in-depth reports and interviews require the full commitment of journalists. Many little-known truths and precious news facts are perceived by journalists by mobilizing all their senses, including their hearts.
(1) Choose a suitable perspective for detailed observation. This perspective may refer to a macroscopic and holistic perspective to grasp the relationship between things; It may also refer to the reporter's personal feelings and thoughts; It may also refer to the microscopic perspective when observing on the spot. In short, the correct perspective and careful observation will enable journalists to obtain accurate, direct and distinctive information.
(2) Be a careful listener. In Contemporary News, Kuang Yunmiao pointed out that a journalist, especially an experienced journalist, should be the best listener, not a chatterbox. Indeed, journalists who are good at listening are often more likely to reap rich results and communicate with the interviewees more easily. The fleeting news clues and the implied meaning of the interviewee will be discovered because of your intentional listening, and the understanding of news facts may be closer to its true colors.
Specific requirements for the interview:
1. Appoint the time and address;
2. If there is any change, make a second plan;
3. Drafting the interview content, including the preparation of questions;
4. Understand the background of the interviewee and collect information in advance;
5. Have a certain understanding of the history of CUHK (including Kangyuan and Shipai) beforehand;
6. Ask the interviewee in advance whether they can record and take photos;
7. Grasp the theme during the interview (try not to digress) and control the time;
8. Interact with the interviewee during the interview;
9. Pay attention to your own expression and speed, and speak clearly during the interview;
10. Ask questions in time when you encounter unclear places in the interview, and absolutely avoid subjective fabrication and addition;
1 1. After the interview, you can ask if you can provide relevant information;
12. Send some gifts to express gratitude;
13. Send the completed interview draft back to the interviewee, and ask him to have a look and make appropriate amendments;
14. Send a copy of the final publication to the interviewee and thank him again.
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