Candle formula I. Raw materials and equipment The main raw material for producing candles is paraffin wax, the auxiliary raw material is stearic acid, and the trace raw materials are beeswax, essence, pigment, metal salt and so on.
Second, the production method of paraffin wax The stearic acid and the trace chemical * * * are melted in aluminum pot, and poured into the machine model that has been oiled in advance and has been equipped with a wick. Before pouring, the water tank of the candle machine is filled with cold water to circulate and push it to condense. After condensation, cut the wick.
Ordinary white candles do not need ingredients, and are made of paraffin at about 55 degrees. With the development of science and technology, candles with no black smoke, no tears, no dust, high flame resistance and brightness, candles that do not soften or bend in summer, candles that repel mosquitoes, scented candles, craft candles, colored candles and colored flame candles will also be born far away.
1. Black smoke-free high-brightness candle: the candle core should be made of pure white cotton thread. White cotton thread is bleached with bleaching powder, and the candle does not emit black smoke after lighting, so the brightness is high.
If the cotton thread is not bleached and contains impurities, there will be a lot of black smoke after the candle is lit. 2. Candles with no tears, no dust and no flame resistance: After the bleached wax core wire is soaked in chemical raw materials, the candles made of them have no tears, no dust and no flame resistance.
Here are three kinds of chemical raw material formulas for waxed core wires, each of which can be used independently. Formula 1 boric acid 0.04 part phosphoric acid 0.64 part ammonium sulfate 0.64 part water 100 part formula diboron 226.8 g potassium nitrate (mirabilite) 226.8 g ammonium sulfate 567 g water 7 g formula ammonium trichloride (alkali sand) 4536 g water 6 g before making candles, the wax cores soaked in chemical raw materials are lit.
It can also be dried in a ventilated and dry place, but it can't be exposed to the sun, so as to avoid the physical and chemical reaction of the chemical mixture and lose its function. 3. Candles that don't soften and bend in summer: Candles made of paraffin wax are easy to soften and bend in summer, and they melt quickly after being lit. Candles made according to the following formula do not soften, bend or burn.
The wax oil formula of this candle (by weight) is 10 paraffin and 2-3 stearic acid. 10 part paraffin and 2-3 parts stearic acid.
It should be noted that stearic acid should not be added too much, otherwise the wax oil will melt too slowly and the wax will not shine. 4. Incense candle: 200 g of B- cyclodextrin, 600 ml of water and 20 g of smoked flowers and plants (which can also be replaced by essence) are evenly mixed, and then stirred for three hours.
Take out the inclusion compound, and dry it into powder chemical inclusion compound by vacuum dryer or spray drying at 60℃ (the temperature should not be too high, otherwise the fragrance will deteriorate) (other methods can be used to dry it into powder unconditionally). Store powdered chemical packaging in a ventilated and dry place for later use.
When producing candles, the powdered chemical package is put into the dissolved candle-making raw materials, mixed evenly, and poured into the machine mold to make incense candles. The dosage of powdered chemical package is generally 0-3% of 65438+ candle raw material. Candles made by this method can still emit fragrance normally after being stored for more than half a year, and emit different fragrance according to different spices used.
Because individual and small candle factories have no drying equipment, they can produce powdered chemical packages by indigenous method, which is not effective, but it also has a certain fragrance release effect. Take 100g of B- cyclodextrin and 300ml of water, stir, add 10g of lavender, put it in a pot, evaporate and dry it to powder chemical coating, and then store it for later use.
But the dosage should generally be increased to about 5%. Color candle raw material formula principle Color flame candle refers to a candle whose lit flame can present various colors such as red, yellow, green, blue, purple and white.
Various metal salts (such as copper chloride, lithium chloride, antimony chloride, etc.). ) emit different colors in the flame reaction, and metal salts are attached to the wick or dissolved in the candle respectively. When these candles are lit, they can produce various brightly colored flames.
The easiest way to make colored flame candles is to mix the metal salt and wax that can develop color, and then pour them into a mold with wick, and then use them after cooling. This kind of colored flame candle is simple to make, but its hair color effect is not ideal.
It has a small flame with a slight yellow color around it. This yellow flame is the true color when wax and candle core burn.
In order to eliminate the interference of this yellow flame, we can use urethane, oxalate or trimethyl citrate instead of paraffin as the main fuel and add some oxidation promoters to the wick. After this treatment, the colored flame candle can have bright hair color and large flame without noise interference.
However, the cohesiveness of polyurethane and other substances is very poor, which is not as hard and strong as candles and is easy to deform. Therefore, some higher fatty acids or higher fatty alcohols can be added to improve the formability and shape retention of candles. In order to improve the quality of color flame, candle cores are generally divided into combustion cores and color cores, which are made separately and then screwed together as candle cores.
The burning wick has the same material and function as the ordinary wick. In order to eliminate the yellow flame produced during combustion, some oxidation promoters (such as compounds of platinum, palladium, vanadium and other elements or plant ash's soaking solution, etc. ) it should be added.
The chromonic core is made of common wick material, chromonic agent and oxidation promoter. Metals such as chlorides, oxides, nitrates and stearates of cobalt, copper, potassium, sodium, lithium, antimony, calcium, barium and strontium can all be used as color developers.
In order to fix the chromonic agent, the outer layer of the chromonic core should be coated with a layer of resin liquid. The selected resin solution should not interfere with the color development of the flame core and can burn completely.
Generally speaking, water-soluble resin solutions, such as polyvinyl alcohol, can also be used as solvent-based resin solutions dissolved in organic solvents, such as nitrocellulose, polyethylene or their polymers. Dose should be less or more.
Operation (1) Preparation of purplish red flame candle ① Preparation of main fuel X parts of urethane, 5 parts of stearic acid and X parts of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride (1: 1) * * polymer were weighed according to the mass ratio. Mix these raw materials and put them in a beaker for later use.
(2) Preparation of color core: dissolve 12g lithium chloride in X7mL water, add 0. 1g polyvinyl alcohol, and heat to 80~85℃ to dissolve it. In addition, dissolve 0. 1g chloroplatinic acid in 200mL water (if there is no platinum salt, you can also choose a substitute, as shown in this paper), then add 5g of fine alumina, add 0.2g of hydrazine and 0. 1g of caustic soda after uniform stirring, finally add 2000mL of water for dilution, and stand for one day and night after uniform stirring, and the precipitated fine alumina is the platinum catalyst powder.
0. 1g of the catalyst powder was sprayed into the prepared lithium chloride solution to obtain a color developer-oxidation promoter solution. In addition, 7 parts of vinyl acetate and ethylene were weighed according to the mass ratio.
Three students in the chemistry group made the following research on candles (mainly paraffin) and their combustion.
(1) The candle floats on the water, indicating that the density of candle is less than that of water. (2) Put a matchstick into the flame for about 1s, and then take it out. You can see that the c part of the matchstick is carbonized first. Conclusion: The external flame temperature of candle flame is the highest. (3)A, repeat the experiment to see if there is the same experimental phenomenon, that is, compare the experiment, and whether its practice is correct; B, it is correct to find the candle composition data and explore the composition of dark matter, which conforms to the process of scientific inquiry; C, think that it has nothing to do with this experiment, that is, it has not explored the problems found, and it is wrong; D, ask the teacher the cause of the black substance, that is, ask the teacher, the practice is correct. Therefore, C.(4) Phenomenon and Conclusion If there is no obvious phenomenon in the glass catheter and there is a blue flame phenomenon at the catheter mouth, Xiao Chang's guess is correct; If Xiao Fang's guess is correct, the paraffin vapor generated by candle heating will cool after entering the catheter and can condense into paraffin, so there is solidified paraffin in the glass catheter, and there is no obvious phenomenon at the mouth of the catheter, which proves that Xiao Fang's guess is correct; If the above two phenomena exist, that is, there is solidified paraffin in the glass conduit and blue flame at the conduit mouth, then Tingting's guess is correct. Answer: (1) The density of candles is smaller than that of water (2)a, external flame; (3) There is no obvious phenomenon in the C (4) catheter, and there is a blue flame at the mouth of the catheter. There is solidified paraffin in the glass conduit, but there is no obvious phenomenon at the conduit mouth, and there is a blue flame at the conduit mouth.
The students of the chemistry interest group made the following research on candles (mainly paraffin) and their combustion.
(1) Cut a small piece with a small knife, so it is soft. When placed in water, the candle floats on the water surface, indicating that paraffin is less dense than water and difficult to dissolve in water. (2) The phenomena that can be observed without burning generally refer to some physical properties of candles, such as appearance, color, state and hardness. And ABDEH meets the question. The phenomena that need to be observed in combustion include heat release, flame and products. CFGIJ is an attribute that only appears in the process of candle burning, which accords with the meaning of the question; (3) Because the core of the flame burns most fully and the temperature here is the highest, the A part of the matchstick turns black first. So, the answer is: a; External flame. (4) The paraffin burning flame is divided into three layers, the outermost layer is the brightest, with white light and black smoke; (5)A, repeat the experiment to see if there is the same experimental phenomenon, that is, compare the experiment, and whether its practice is correct; B, it is correct to find the candle composition data and explore the composition of dark matter, which conforms to the process of scientific inquiry; C, think that it has nothing to do with this experiment, that is, it has not explored the problems found, and it is wrong; D, ask the teacher the reason of the formation of black matter, that is, ask the teacher, the practice is correct. So choose C. Answer: (1) small (2) abdehcfgij (3) a; The outer flame (4) is divided into three layers, the outermost layer is the brightest, and white light (5) C is generated.