There are many kinds of plays in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in China. Other famous operas include: Kunqu Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huai Opera, Sichuan Opera, Qin Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Pendant, xiang opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Opera. The following is the singing performance of Chinese opera that I brought to you. Welcome to reading.
First, "thick breath" refers to the lack of control skills in the use of breath, and the exhaled breath has caused the sound to be superficial and unreal. "Weak breath" refers to a lack of breath and a weak voice. "Turbidity of qi" refers to uneven breath and stagnant voice. "Qi dispersion" means that the breath is completely exhausted, and the sound produced is naturally dry and exhausted.
Adagio is difficult to tighten, Allegro is difficult to stabilize, and Adagio is difficult to be accurate.
Note: talk about the essentials of singing adagio, allegro and sanban well. Adagio is easy to procrastinate, so pay attention to the compact singing method; Allegro is easy to grab the board, so pay attention to singing steadily; The third board is easy to relax, so pay attention to singing roundly and accurately.
Second, reading is like singing and reading.
This is what Mr Gao Shenglin said. Beijing opera singing is not as rich in melody as singing, but it is different from the daily speech on the stage of Beijing opera. It has a special tone. In the oral part, an actor on the stage has to recite its musical melody, which is called "chanting like singing". Language is the basis of singing. When an actor sings on the stage, he should not only pay attention to the beauty of singing melody, but also pay attention to the coherence of language and the expression of timbre, which is called "singing like reading"
In fact, these two sentences emphasize the musicality of Beijing opera singing and the linguistics of Beijing opera singing.
Third, clear articulation, heavy words, touching sound and intoxicating sound.
China traditional opera pays attention to "clear pronunciation and mellow voice, true feelings". The so-called "love truth" includes four aspects:
1, that is, the art of singing does not rhyme for the sake of rhyme, but expresses feelings through sound.
2. Before the actor enters the theater, the shape (action) and expression (expression) should be used as a foil.
3. After the cavity, "shape" and "volume" are closed, and in expression, it seems that there are still traces of sound waves with tones.
4. If you sing for a long time, you should fill in the blanks with emotion.
To achieve "true feelings", there are still many specific requirements in singing skills: singing learning should proceed from the needs of the plot and characters, and every scene, every sentence and every word should be carefully examined. Then distinguish between the subject and the object, find the right pillar and highlight the key points, so as to sing with emotion and rhyme. We should see the "stability" in the "accuracy" in the linear cavity. Because "alignment will not turn yellow, the board will not be top-notch, the characters will not be deformed, and the cavity will not be cold." In a word, the artist pointed out: "Be careful when you open your mouth and do what you want." . The singing technical requirements of "the board must be accurate, not drifting, and seeing stability in accuracy" Only by being "fine", "leading", "accurate" and "steady" can singing be beautiful and moving.
To sum up, it shows that the emotion of the characters is the basis of cavity creation and the truth of "cavity is accurate to emotion"
Four, the so-called "clear pronunciation and mellow voice", that is, when an actor sings, he should know the position and key points of the words in his mouth technically, correctly grasp the changes of different mouth shapes and pronunciation parts, and then send the words clearly to the audience's ears.
In order to achieve the purpose of "clear pronunciation and mellow voice", there are still different requirements in the application of skills. For example, the artistic formula of "the cavity follows the line of characters, the characters lead the cavity, the characters take the cavity, the cavity supports the characters, and the characters are perfectly round" focuses on the master-slave and dependent relationship between the cavity and the characters in the process of cavity. The principle is to speak in words, emphasize words but ignore words, and sing words without singing sound.
Bai Fengming, a famous Quyi artist, once said: "The articulation is clear, the words are heavy, the rhyme is moving and the sound is intoxicating." They are all based on the principle that cavities are born in words and cavities are based on words. Words are light and heavy, and words are surrounded by sound, so they sound wordless and unintelligible; If the words are soft and can't control the cadence, it sounds almost shouting and straightforward. Therefore, the word should be heavy, the cavity should be light, the word should be rigid, the cavity should be soft, and the light and heavy should alternate, and both rigidity and softness should conform to the cavity law. Just like the plum blossom constitution, it is old and tender, and it can only be wonderful if it is wrong.
To sum up, it emphasizes the principle of singing with words. Singing should be true, correct and accurate. This is the truth that "the cavity is born of words".
Five, opera singing should follow the principles of "emotion", "character" and "sound". Singing cannot be tied to pronunciation; Pronunciation cannot be sung. Character is the foundation, cavity is the form of expression, and cavity circle is the condition. The manipulation and pronunciation of vocal music melody should be harmonious and complementary, in order to receive the effect of clear pronunciation and mellow voice.
In artistic practice, there are many reasons, such as phonology, expressing feelings, highlighting key points, or based on Huguang rhyme in addition to Beijing rhyme. Sometimes words and cavities are contradictory. Sometimes when the words are sung correctly, the cavity is not necessarily round. Sometimes the cavity is round, but it is not necessarily right. It can only be a standard and a requirement.
Sixth, open your mouth and knock together, so that the sound of words will be harmonious on your lips.
"Kai", "Qi", "Cuo" and "He" are called four calls, which are the artistic methods of reading ci.
"Open your mouth and shout": The voice exerts its strength in the throat, comes out through the upper jaw, opens its mouth and is loud. Such as: Dan, Ban, Chang, Mao, Bao, scold. "Cheek-toe call: the quarrel is wide to both sides, grinning slightly, and its voice is light and sharp. Such as: smoke, sky, image, thanks, home. " Shut your mouth and shout: your lips are slightly closed and your voice is round and muddy. Such as: bay, direction, yellow, fruit, melon, strange, and line. "Squeeze your mouth and shout": the mouth is closed and the outer lip is slightly narrowed forward. Such as: deep, spring, far, cloud, courage, fish, boots.
"Hu Si" is a noun in Chinese phonology. When using these four nouns to express the pronunciation of words, only by understanding the "four calls" and mastering the mouth shape can the pronunciation be accurate. "Four Calls" and "Frog's Mouth" ("Thirteen Frog Rhymes") are mutually used in singing and reciting traditional Chinese opera. After mastering these two tools, no matter how the tone turns and the time drags on, there will be no problem of "incorrect rhyme".
In the past, most artists didn't understand the "four tones", so the pronunciation of articulation was often "uneven" and "unclear". For example, Yang Yanhui, who was sitting in a palace in Beijing Opera, sang: "I thought there would be a bloody battle on the beach". The word "blood" was originally a squeak, and some people mistakenly thought it was the word "boots" (the first sound). Another example is Chen Boyu of No.1 Scholar, who sang, "Alas, I have no descendants for half a century!" The word "half" in the sentence was originally called "uneasy", and some people mispronounced the pronunciation of "ban" as an opening call. Therefore, regardless of reading, literacy, speaking and singing, we must understand the "four calls", especially the singing and pronunciation of traditional Chinese opera.
Seven, singing taboos should be divided into yin and yang, cold and heat, which can be put and accepted.
"Earth" means dialect. China has a vast territory and a wide variety of operas. Most local operas are based on their respective dialects. The pronunciation of each play is based on a region, using the most standard and popular local language. Beijing opera, for example, was originally based on "Huguang Sound". ("Huguang" is the "Huguang Province" defined by the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which refers to Hunan and Hubei. (See "Huguang" in Ci Yuan >; In fact, it is just a Wuhan accent; Xi 'an pronunciation is the main voice in Qin opera; Sichuan opera is mainly based on Chengdu pronunciation. It is extremely difficult to achieve artistic expression by avoiding dialects and dialects and not requiring the languages of local operas to be unified into standard pronunciations, thus losing local characteristics.
The taboo is that it cannot be based on those nonstandard dialects in the region where the play is located. Just like Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation, not Beijing dialect. Therefore, "Gu Mistaken Record" said: "To get started, you must first correct the accent you have committed before you can have fun." Advertising: the word is divided into yin and yang, and the cavity should also be divided into yin and yang. "Without Yin and Yang, there will be no ups and downs, no hierarchy, no change, and it will become a dull and silent cavity." Divide yin and yang, you can avoid straight, singing can suppress yang, Ji Xu has a knot, you can show your skills without fire or explosion.
Eight, the so-called cold and hot refers to the feelings conveyed in the cavity. The aria in China's traditional operas is usually located in the place where people's thoughts and feelings are concentrated. Whether people can express their thoughts and feelings through singing is directly related to the shaping of artistic image. Sometimes the same lyrics, whoever sings them, can be both beautiful and touching as long as they have time and research. Although they share the same score, cultured actors can sing, and they can integrate the feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy of the characters at that time into the melody of singing, so as to be melodious and distinct. When it's "cold" (low and sad), it's sad and sad to sing, and it's warm and cold. There is an artistic appeal of "singing to a deified place, and the bones are bleak in June".
Nine, "hot" (impassioned) can create the artistic charm of "going straight into the sky, how many joys and sorrows begin at this time".
The so-called "receiving" and "releasing" refer to the use and control of qi in singing. When opening the cavity, be full of luck and force the cavity to be wide and far; Be lucky when closing the cavity, the cavity will not stop breathing. The cavity must be round, and the music will be returned in the end.
Ten, high-pitched gas should be sufficient, low-pitched gas should be high and low convergence, sharp turbidity is not obvious.
This is about the control of breath in actor's singing. The so-called "treble is lighter than treble" means that when singing treble, the tone should be from low to high, and the words should be tuned according to the sound, so as to be clear and bright. There was no sound, almost shouting. Let people feel relaxed and smooth, and don't make them feel tired, so they are required to be "light". "Yuefu Chuansheng" cloud ... If you want to sing this word, you don't have to shout hard. As long as it is narrow, thin, sharp and deep, the sound will be high! In addition to being narrow, thin, sharp and deep, we should also master the word "fen" (meaning soaring). The painter said, "Those who have high-pitched voices can see points, and those who have no points are not high."
Eleven, the so-called "low cavity heavy evil spirit", that is, rap low cavity should be "heavy, slow, heavy and appropriate".
The natural law of sound is that the pitch is harsh, the sound is low and heavy, and the sound made by any object is the same. It is impossible to change this law. However, through proper control and scientific application of breath, it is completely possible to manipulate the strong and weak voices and make them naturally and harmoniously connected.
Twelve, to achieve the purpose of "high cavity is not fine, low cavity is not weak", it is necessary to let go of the treble and converge the bass, as the artist said.
The higher the pitch, the more air should be released, so that the sound is high but not sharp and narrow; The lower the voice, the more you should try your best to control the gas, so as not to be weak and silent, and not to be low and not turbid. It is not obvious that the shortcomings of high tip and low turbidity can be made up.
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