First of all, the habits of snails
Snails like to inhabit water environments rich in humus in sediments, such as lakes, ponds, depressions or slow-flowing rivers. They often feed on microorganisms and humus in the soil, phytoplankton, aquatic plant seedlings and moss in the water, and also like to eat artificial feeds, such as fruits and vegetables, vegetable leaves, rice bran, wheat bran, bean powder (cakes) and various animal scraps. Snails are cold-resistant and heat-resistant, and the suitable temperature for their life is 20℃ ~ 28℃. When the water temperature is lower than 10℃ or higher than 30℃, stop eating and drill into soil and grass to avoid cold and summer. When the water temperature exceeds 40℃, the snail is scalded to death.
Second, the reproduction of snails.
Snails are dioecious. The method of sex identification of snails is mainly based on the shape of their right antenna. The right antenna of the male snail bends inward to the right (the bent part is the male genitalia). In addition, the female snail is big and round, and the male snail is small and long. Oncomelania hupehensis is an oviparous animal, and its reproduction mode is unique. The embryonic development and larval development of Oncomelania hupensis are completed in the mother body. It takes about a year for a fertilized egg to give birth to a small snail. Oncomelania hupensis lays eggs in batches and begins to breed in March-April every year. At the same time of producing young snails, the male and female parents mate and fertilize, and at the same time, the young snails to be produced in the next year are propagated in the mother. A mother snail can produce about 100 ~ 150 young snails every year.
Third, artificial breeding.
1. aquaculture water body
Snails have strong adaptability and few diseases. As long as a large number of pesticides and fertilizers are avoided, many flat rivers, streams, potholes, paddy fields, ponds and other ordinary water bodies in rural areas can be stocked. If you dig a special pond for feeding, choose a place with convenient water source and humus soil to build a pond (if the soil is not suitable, it is best to apply mixed compost to improve it first). Keep the thickness of sediment at 10cm ~ 15cm, with unlimited area. If it is an open water body, a small amount of duckweed and water lily can be planted on the water surface, some vines and melons and vegetables can be planted around the pond for shade, and bamboo tails, branches or stones and grass can be arranged in the water for snails to live in seclusion. 10 snail enters tang qian, and quicklime is applied to the whole pond at a dosage of 50 kg ~ 100 kg per mu to remove wild fish, shrimp and other miscellaneous snails. After 3-4 days, organic fertilizer and breeding bait organisms are piled up in the water for snails to eat.
2. Stocking of seed snails
The stocking of seed snails is best completed in the early stage of snail breeding. The source of snail culture: one is field collection, and the other is market collection. Choose fresh snails, light brown in color, thin and complete in shell, and dull in dome. Generally speaking, putting 0. 1 kg ~ 0.5 kg of seed snails into the natural extensive water body per square meter can increase the number of species by 2 ~ 3 times in the intensive culture pond. The cultured snails can be farmed separately, or interplanted with some silver carp and bighead carp varieties, or mixed with snails and loach.
3. Feeding management
Extensive farming in natural water can meet the growth needs of Oncomelania snails as long as the fertility of water body is maintained and appropriate organic fertilizers such as manure, chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure or straw are applied regularly. In the case of high-density intensive farming, artificial bait must be put in. Snails don't need much nutrition. Rice bran, wheat bran and soybean powder were simply mixed at the ratio of 60%, 25% and 15% to make the first-class feed for snails.
According to the feeding situation and climate of snails, snails have a strong appetite at a suitable temperature (that is, 20℃ ~ 28℃), and can be fed once every two days, and the feeding amount is 2% ~ 3% of their body weight each time. When the water temperature is in the range of 15℃ ~ 20℃ and 28℃ ~ 30℃, it is fed twice a week, and the dosage is about 1% each time. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ or higher than 30℃, it is less than or equal to zero.
Fourth, the daily management work
It is strictly forbidden to flow into water sources polluted by pesticides and fertilizers; Prevent the invasion of enemies such as ducks, snakes, rats and birds; Remove weeds and grass roots in water in time. Usually in the form of micro-running water, keep the water level at about 30 cm. In high temperature season, the water flow should be increased, and the temperature rise should be controlled to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water. In cold weather, snails hibernate in the soil. At this time, change the water 1 ~ 2 times a week, and sprinkle some chopped straw on the water to help snails overwinter.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Harvest and transport.
After a year of careful breeding, the released young snails can reach 10g ~ 20g, and the hatched young snails can reach more than 5g that year.
When harvesting snails, we should adopt the method of catching large snails and putting small snails on the market in batches, and selectively eat adult snails, keep young snails and some female snails, so as to replant naturally and avoid releasing seedlings in the future. According to their living habits, in the hot season of summer and autumn, they choose to pick up bamboo branches and grass stems rotating on the shore or in the water body in the morning and evening; In winter and spring, choose sunny noon to pick. In addition, snails can also be harvested by catching them in the lower pool or picking them up in the drainage dry pool. Snail transportation is very simple, so it can be packed in ordinary bamboo baskets and wooden barrels. , or woven bags.