Tai Ji Chuan originated in China, and his movements are both rigid and flexible, which can not only attack self-defense, but also enhance physical fitness and prevent diseases. Tai Ji Chuan has a long history, many schools, widespread, and is deeply loved by people.
Although Tai Ji Chuan has different schools in routines, postures and qigong, they all have the effects of dredging meridians, harmonizing qi and blood, nourishing viscera and strengthening tendons and bones. As one of the boxing methods, Tai Ji Chuan was called "Long Boxing", "Mianquan", "Thirteen Potential" and "Soft Hand" in the early days. It was not until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1736 ~ 1795) that Wang Zongyue, a Shanxi martial artist, wrote an article on The Legend of Taiji, which made it named. The word "Tai Chi" comes from the Book of Changes, which contains supreme, extreme, absolute and unique meanings.
Between heaven and earth, above heaven and earth, all things and opportunities are constantly changing. Trees, flowers and mountain terraces all seem to be static and are gradually aging. As the saying goes, only "change" is constant. Tai Ji Chuan is putting all kinds of changes in boxing practice. Dynamic and static opening and closing, combining rigidity with softness, up and down, left and right, winding up and down, flickering, virtual and real, endless, all over the body, motionless, full of momentum, disappearing, with strength, melting into the whole body, breaking hard, and then gently starting, writing freely. One thought, one thought, one line and one person's free will are all under self-control, achieving the effect of health preservation and self-defense. This is Tai Ji Chuan.
A brief history of development
There are always different opinions about the origin of Tai Ji Chuan, including Xu Xuanping in Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18 ~ 907), Zhang Sanfeng in Song Dynasty (AD 960 ~ 1278), Zhang Sanfeng in Ming Dynasty (AD 1368 ~ 1644) and Zhang Sanfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD). Looking at the development of modern Tai Ji Chuan, we can see that only by continuous development can things have vitality. This is enough to explain the day before yesterday, yesterday and today, and also reveal its tomorrow. According to the textual research of China martial arts historian Tang Hao, there are two branches in Tai Ji Chuan. One is to inherit the martial arts from Wu Tang Zong Gate and keep it secret. Only Zhao Bao and Tai Ji Chuan are inherited. The other school first spread among the Chen family in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province, and then spread to Tai Ji Chuan schools such as Yang, Wu, Wu and Sun. The founder of Chen Tai Ji Chuan is Chen Wangting, who is an original martial artist.
Tai Ji Chuan has been handed down from generation to generation for hundreds of years, with many famous artists and schools (including Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu and Sun). Tracing back to its source, it originated in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. Chenjiagou, located in Dongqingfengling, wen county, Henan Province, was Changyang Village 600 years ago. In the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1372), Chen Bu, a native of Zezhou (now Jincheng) in Shanxi Province, led his troops to move from Hongtong County, Shanxi Province to the north of Wenxian County and set up Chen Buzhuang Village. Two years later, because of the low terrain, he moved to Changyang. Later, due to the reproduction of Chen people, the martial arts handed down from the family were very prestigious nearby, and there was a big ditch running through the north and south in the village. Over time, it was changed to the old name of Changyang Chenjiagou. Chen summed up many boxing routines. There are five sets of fists, five sets of hammers, fifteen red guns, fifteen cannons, red gun hammers, one hundred single eight-style long fists, double pushers and other unique drill methods. According to this principle, Wushu equipment routines such as knife, gun, sword, stick, mace and double gun were created. These boxing routines are based on Tai Chi theory, from infinity to Tai Chi, from non-physical to physical, from static to vivid, and each move is divided into yin and yang (i.e. virtual, real, soft, rigid, static and dynamic). ), formed the prototype of Tai Ji Chuan machinery, passed down from generation to generation in the Chen family, and formed the Chen Tai Ji Chuan. Chen Changxing, the 14th Chen, built another milestone on the basis of his ancestral Tai Ji Chuan. He refined and summarized Chen's Taiji Biography from Bo to Wu, and creatively formed a complete set of routines, which became the first and second road of Chen's Taiji Biography, and was later called "Old Frame". He also boldly broke the rules of the door, carried on the family line, and took Yang Fukui (Lu Chan) from Guangping Prefecture (now Yongnian County) in Hebei Province as an apprentice. After returning to his hometown, Yang Fukui taught boxing in Beijing. Because of the need to teach boxing, he gradually abandoned the difficult moves in the old Tai Ji Chuan, which were modified and stereotyped by later generations, and became the popular Tai Ji Chuan in Yang Tai. Hou Quan-you and Yang Fukui, the son of Qing Dynasty, learned from Yang Xiao Tai Ji Chuan and passed it on to his son. He practiced martial arts in Shanghai and modified Tai Ji Chuan into another family. After that, Han named him Wu, so he was called Wu.
1. Source
There are three sources of Tai Ji Chuan: ① Comprehensive absorption of Ming boxing masters. Wushu was very popular in the Ming Dynasty, and many famous artists, monographs and new boxing styles appeared. Taiji Chuan learned the advantages of various boxing methods at that time, especially Qi Jiguang's 32-potential long fist. (2) breathe in combination with ancient guidance. Tai Ji Chuan is known as one of the "family-handed boxing methods" because he pays attention to guiding the spirit into the abdomen, relaxing the mind and strengthening the body. ③ China's ancient theory of Yin and Yang and the theory of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine were applied. Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan asked for spiral winding according to the meridians, so as to activate qi with intention, connect the two meridians of Ren and Du, and practice the pulse. Various traditional Tai Ji Chuan also used the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements to summarize and explain various contradictions and changes in boxing.
2. Development
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tai Ji Chuan developed rapidly, and people who beat Tai Ji Chuan spread all over the country. At present, there are hundreds of Tai Ji Chuan tutoring stations in Beijing's parks, streets and stadiums alone, attracting a large number of fans. The health, education and sports departments have listed Tai Ji Chuan as an important project, and have published millions of Tai Ji Chuan books and wall charts. Tai Ji Chuan is also very popular abroad. Tai Ji Chuan activities are held in Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Japan and other countries and regions. According to incomplete statistics, the United States alone has published more than 30 kinds of Tai Ji Chuan books, and many countries have established organizations such as the Tai Ji Chuan Association to actively carry out exchange activities with China. Tai Ji Chuan, as a unique national sports event in China, has aroused the interests and hobbies of many international friends.
Tai Ji Chuan is the perfect combination of dialectical theoretical thinking of the Chinese nation and the guidance of Wushu, art and Qigong, and it is the advanced culture of human beings. His boxing theory comes from the classic works of China, such as Yijing, Huangdi Neijing, Huangting Jing and Ji Xiao Shu Xin. In the long-term development process, Tai Ji Chuan has absorbed the reasonable contents of Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism and other cultures, so it is called the "national quintessence".
The characteristics of Tai Ji Chuan Movement are: standing upright and comfortable in the middle, light and round in spirit, gentle and even, orderly opening and closing, combining rigidity and softness, and moving like "flowing water, continuous". This kind of movement is natural and elegant, and you can experience the rhythm of music, the connotation of philosophy, the beautiful shape and the artistic conception of poetry. In the advanced enjoyment, let the disease disappear and make the body and mind healthy.
At present, many scientific research departments are studying Tai Ji Chuan. Through the research of medicine, physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, psychology, mechanics and other disciplines, it is proved that Tai Ji Chuan has a good effect on the prevention and treatment of senile wrestling, hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, hepatitis, arthropathy, gastrointestinal diseases, neurasthenia and other chronic diseases.
Tai Ji Chuan is a martial art. Its characteristics are: "combine rigidity with softness, wait for action, be round and straight, win the big with small, win the strong with weak". It is an organic combination of martial arts and Sun Tzu's art of war. Therefore, Tai Ji Chuan, especially Yang Tai Tai Ji Chuan, is loved by people all over the world for his simple boxing posture and unique charm of easy learning and practice.
basic element
Tai Ji Chuan's basic method is "push, slide, squeeze, press, pick, push, elbow, lean, advance, retreat, care, hope and decide". The movements are slow and comfortable. When practicing boxing, the waist is required to be straight, the jaw is closed, the back is straight and drooping, which has the artistic conception of floating clouds. The Boxer Rebellion in Qing Dynasty said that "the boxing potential is like the sea, endless". At the same time, Tai Ji Chuan also attaches great importance to practicing. The so-called "Qi" is to cultivate the human body's own spirit, which is also one of the characteristics of Tai Ji Chuan's Neijia Kung Fu.
Among the eight kinds of strength methods, strength is the foundation of eight, and you can't leave this strength for a moment when practicing Tai Ji Chuan. It is a spring force, and it is also like propping a boat with water, such as weighing; It is perception, and all external forces rely on perception to distinguish the direction and size. The other seven forces are just different in orientation and practice. For example, if the palm is wrapped from the inside out, it is called "stretching", if the palm is wrapped from the outside in, it is called "stretching", and if the hands are stretched outward at the same time, it is called "squeezing". Strength is a kind of upward and outward strength, which makes the other side's strength not reach the chest, and it is a defensive technique to protect oneself; The rowing force is a lateral force, three points downward and seven points backward. When using, the chest should be turned to the waist, and the crotch should be the same to prevent the other person from hitting the crotch. Squeezing strength means pushing Zheng's strength forward, squeezing on the back of his hand, supplemented by the other hand. The key point is to exert strength with both hands and grasp the front bow with both feet; Pressure is the force to push or lift forward. When in use, the head should be suspended by chest and the back should be pulled out by waist strength. Challenge is the power to grab the opponent's wrist and elbow and sink down and back. When you use it, you should contain your chest and crotch. Generally, you should pick it first and then pick it. Strength is to block the left and right up and down with your hands, and to drive your waist with your body; Elbow strength is to elbow people, which is used in close combat, and there is a saying that "far fist is close to elbow and close to hand"; By strength, you hit your hips with your shoulders and use them when you are close to your body.
Type 42 Tai Ji Chuan Action Name
0 1: Starting 02: Right-hand sparrow tail 03: Left-hand side 04: Handle 05: White crane bright wing 06: Knee-hugging step 07: Body-bending hammer 08: Squeezing type 09: Progressive shift hammer 10: Closed as if sealed 1: Open and close hand 65438. +05: Jade Girl Flying Shuttle 16: Left and Right Pedals 17: Arm Covering Hammer 18: Wild Horse Fenmane 19: Yunshou 20: Independent Tiger Puff 2 1: Right Split Foot 22: Bimodal Earpiercing 23: Left Press palm 3 1: Independent palm 32: Riding posture 33: Swing stroke 34: Stop stroke 35: Release palm 36: Step on seven stars 37: Backward leap over tiger 38: Swing lotus 39: Bow and shoot tiger 40: Pull sparrow tail left 4 1: Cross palm 42: Close the momentum.
Offensive and defensive principle
Tai Ji Chuan has a unique style and distinctive features in attack and defense. It requires static braking, combining rigidity and softness, avoiding reality and being empty, leveraging strength, and advocating that everything should be carried out objectively, coexist with others, and be dull. Therefore, Tai Ji Chuan pays special attention to "listening", that is, accurately feeling and judging each other's arrival, so as to respond. Don't get ahead before the other party starts. You can use tricks to induce the other party to test its reality first. This term is called "the leading hand". Once the opponent starts, you should quickly get ahead of him, "he didn't move, he moved first" and "the latecomers came first", which will drag the opponent in, make him lose weight, or distract his strength, take advantage and fight back with all his might. Tai Ji Chuan's principle of attack and defense is embodied in the training of pushing hands and routine movements, which can not only train people's physical qualities such as reaction ability, strength and speed, but also has very important significance in the training of attack and defense fighting.
Brief introduction of terms
Listening: that is, accurately feeling and judging each other's arrival, so as to respond.
Lead the hand: don't get ahead before the other side starts. You can use tricks to induce each other and test their reality first.
training method
(1) Meditation, breathing naturally, that is, practicing boxing requires quiet and concentrated thinking, concentrating on guiding movements, breathing smoothly, deeply and naturally, and not holding your breath;
(2) Moderately comfortable, gentle and slow, that is, keeping the body relaxed and natural, impartial, flowing, gentle and even;
(3) The motion is arc-shaped and circular, that is, the motion should be arc-shaped and spiral, and the transformation of circular motion is not stagnant. At the same time, with the waist as the axis, the whole body forms a whole;
(4) Coherence and coordination, with clear distinction between reality and reality, that is, actions should be continuous, the connection should be smooth, the reality and reality should be clear everywhere, and the center of gravity should remain stable;
⑤ Be light and calm, combining rigidity with softness, that is, every movement should be light and calm, not floating or stiff, soft outside and rigid inside, and the strength should be complete and elastic, and clumsy force should not be used.
Tai Ji Chuan's posture requirements for all parts of the human body are as follows: head-keep "virtual collar pushing strength", have dangling thoughts, don't sway, look straight naturally, close your mouth lightly, and hold your tongue against the upper jaw; Neck-natural vertical, flexible rotation, not nervous; Shoulders-flat and relaxed, without hunchback, bending or stretching backwards; Elbow-naturally bends and sinks to prevent rigidity or rising; Heavy wrist "flat wrist", full of strength, not soft; Chest-slightly loose, not protruding or deliberately shrinking inward; Stretching your back is called "pulling your back" and you can't bow and camel; Waist-loose downward, flexible rotation, no bow forward or backward; Ridge-straight and upright, keep your figure straight and natural; Hip-slightly inward, not outward, called "sliding hip" and "converging hip"; Hip-relaxation is full of contraction, and the lower limbs are difficult to penetrate. Do not stand forward with a twist; Legs-stable and firm, with proper bending, slight rotation, smooth movement and relaxed knees, which can distinguish between true and false soles. Playing Tai Ji Chuan requires relaxation and naturalness, so that a part of the cerebral cortex enters a state of protective inhibition and rest. At the same time, boxing can activate the mood and regulate the brain, and the more skilled you are, the more you should "put your mind first, then put your body" and concentrate on guiding the action. This long-term persistence will restore and improve brain function and eliminate various chronic diseases caused by nervous system disorders. Tai Ji Chuan called for "Shen Dantian" and deliberately used abdominal breathing to increase the depth of breathing, which is conducive to improving respiratory function and blood circulation. Through easy and gentle exercise, the elderly and infirm can have comfortable meridians, vigorous metabolism and enhance their physique and function. Tai Ji Chuan has the function of preventing and treating diseases, and has a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on chronic diseases such as neurasthenia, heart disease, hypertension, tuberculosis, tracheitis, ulcer, etc., which has been gradually popularized at home and abroad in the past hundred years. Patients with serious illness should exercise under the guidance of medical staff.
The first three sentences in Wu Yuxiang's On Tai Ji Chuan, the founder of the Five Schools of Tai Ji Chuan, are: "When moving, you should be light all over, especially through it." This fully illustrates the significance of Tai Ji Chuan's light body method.
Hao Shaoru, a former teacher, pays special attention to the requirements of body posture in teaching. He pointed out: "Learning Tai Ji Chuan must be complete and rich in accordance with Tai Ji Chuan's principles everywhere, and both teaching and training must pay attention to body posture, which is the key to practicing Tai Ji Chuan well and must be strictly required." Fitness can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage is posture training, that is, learning the posture of boxing frame, taking the tail center as the benchmark (the trunk center must be maintained when moving forward, backward, left and right), emphasizing the strict distinction between reality and reality in footwork, taking the center as the premise, and using internal strength completely when changing, rather than relying on the body to lean forward and lean back, swing left and right, or ups and downs of the body to borrow money; The upper and lower limbs must be well coordinated with the posture. If the coordination is not good, it will directly affect the posture. It is difficult for a novice to support the stability of his body, and it is also difficult to distinguish between true and false. But it takes eight movements to refresh the muscles and bones of the whole body.
Live in harmony, act in unison, and do whatever you want. Only by being light-hearted can we further master the ability of Qi-moving. The second stage is to practice inner shape, also called inner strength. First, under the guidance of consciousness, practice the unity of heart, qi and fist, from appearance to inner shape. Body posture is the key link of internal form and internal strength of an organization. Therefore, on weekdays, every move should be made from the inside out, so as to achieve internal and external integration. This is the truth that "everything is motionless, everything is not static, and everything is not static". Body, hands and footwork must be coordinated with each other, so as to achieve the purpose of dominating the shape from the inner shape.
(1) Taiji Chuan, martial arts (Hao style), runs through four aspects: "starting, bearing, opening and closing". Therefore, the phenomenon of continuity cannot be caused by the relationship between starting, bearing, opening and closing in practice. It is necessary to strive for the center of the tail, and gradually master the laws of holding the chest, pulling back, wrapping the crotch, protecting the buttocks, lifting the top, hanging the crotch, loosening the shoulders and sinking the elbows, and distinguishing between reality and falsehood. Then ask the waist to gather gas and let the gas inject into the waist. The qi in the spine can be injected into the waist, and the whole body will be dominated. A body can be dominated, and body, hands and footwork can be integrated. Only by combining them can the muscles and bones of the whole body achieve flexible coordination and further master the kung fu of qi circulation. If you can do these essentials well, you can breathe into your abdomen with your heart, and if it is inconvenient to float, you can sink into your abdomen.
(2) When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, be sure to breathe naturally and never hold your breath. From the beginning, we should concentrate our thoughts, concentrate on boxing and empty our bodies, so that our strength can be positive. Never use the movement of the respiratory system to dominate the opening and closing movements of Tai Ji Chuan. The technique should be vigorous, with the trend of forward movement, without carelessness; God gathered in his eyes, where I wanted to go, my eyes were direct, my whole body was direct, and then my whole body turned in the blink of an eye. See still, see still. It is always necessary to gather from the gods, so that the technique can achieve momentum and breathe through the fingers.
(3) Be calm and steady, light and agile at ordinary times. Every boxing situation should be divided into four words: "starting, bearing, opening and closing", but the four words should not be completely intermittent, and must be coherent and free, not rigid, and should be integrated in opening and closing. Learn the skills of meeting friends while walking. When you move, you should first ask yourself what is not enough or what your requirements are. Only by constantly correcting can we make continuous progress. Walk slowly, but avoid dullness. The so-called posture is light and smart, and it must be implemented in walking. The purpose of walking is to use. When walking on weekdays, it should be regarded as a fight with others, and when fighting, it should be regarded as walking. If the two complement each other, the boxing can be continuously improved. When the walking frame is mature, the whole body looks like a balloon, and the body seems to be suspended. Hands can stretch freely, legs can move back and forth, rotate left and right, and change between reality and reality. Tai Chi is the whole body, and the whole body is Tai Chi. With the passage of time, Tai Ji Chuan's exquisite art won the victory.
Over the years, it has been common that pure merit can not be changed, double diseases can not be eliminated, motivation can not be like archery, and even people are out of shape. All this is due to the lack of a wise teacher's guidance at the end of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, and scholars can't tell the difference. The full text of Wu Yuxiang's "On the Biography of Taiji" is as follows: "If you move, your whole body will be light, especially through it. Qi should be filled, God should be restrained, and there should be defects, bumps and gaps. Its roots are in the feet, its hair is in the legs, its main body is in the waist, and its shape is in the fingers. From the foot to the waist of the leg, always be complete, and take a step back to get the upper hand. If the opportunity is not good, the body will be scattered and the disease will be sought after by the waist and legs. Up and down, back and forth, left and right. All this is meaning, not external but internal. There are top and bottom, front and back, left and right. If you want to go up, you mean something, and if you lift something, you will feel depressed. There is no doubt that Qiqi's roots are broken. It's best to tell the difference between true and false. A place has its own reality, and this reality is always everywhere, running through the whole body without any interruption.
The above content comes from Baidu.