In addition, "Yuanming" is the Buddhist name that Yong Zhengdi has been using since the time of the Prince. Yong Zhengdi believes in Buddhism and has a deep study of Buddhism. He is the author of Quotations of Imperial Selection (19) and Distinguishing between Demons and Different Records. In the pattern of Buddhist sects in the early Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi was a very important figure in the history of Buddhist development. He claimed to be the master of Zen, exerted influence on Buddhism as the "master of the world", and strongly advocated the unity of the three religions and the purity of Zen. When Emperor Kangxi gave this garden to Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi), the name of the pro-theme garden "Yuanmingyuan" was taken from the name "Yuanming" of Yongzheng. Historical Development Yuanmingyuan is one of the famous royal gardens in Qing Dynasty. Yuanming Three Gardens covers an area of more than 5,200 mu, with more than 50 scenic spots/kloc-0. Yuanmingyuan was originally a garden given by Emperor Kangxi to his fourth son, Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi). In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi, namely 1707, gardens had begun to take shape. In the same year 1 1 month, Emperor Kangxi visited the Yuanmingyuan. After Yong Zhengdi ascended the throne in 1723, the original garden was expanded, and Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and the value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built in the south of the garden to "avoid noise and listen to politics". Emperor Qianlong reigned for 60 years, spending millions to build Yuanmingyuan, repairing porcelain every day, digging water and moving stones. In addition to the partial addition and reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, he also built Changchun Garden in the immediate east and merged it into Qichun Garden in the southeast. By the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, that is, 1770, the pattern of Yuanming three gardens had basically taken shape. Jiaqing Dynasty mainly renovated and expanded Qichun Garden, making it one of the main garden places. During the Daoguang period, state affairs declined and financial resources were insufficient. However, I would rather withdraw the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan, stop the Rehe summer vacation and Mulan hunting, and still do not give up the reconstruction and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens.
Architectural features Yuanmingyuan is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing and was built in the Ming Dynasty. 1709, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty gave this garden to his fourth son, Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi), and named it Yuanmingyuan. After more than 50 years' operation by the five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng/KLOC-0, we have concentrated a lot of material resources, entertained countless skilled craftsmen, poured the blood and sweat of millions of working people, and built a large-scale and beautiful detached palace.
Every summer, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here to spend the summer, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace. Yuanmingyuan Fiona Fang10km is composed of Yuanmingyuan, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. Yuanmingyuan is the largest, so it is called Yuanmingyuan (also known as Yuanming Three Gardens). In addition, there are many affiliated gardens in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, including Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain and Qingyi Garden (the later Summer Palace was built on this basis). , with a total area of more than 5000 mu.
Yuanmingyuan not only brought together several famous scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creatively transplanted western garden buildings, which was a masterpiece of gardening art at that time. There are magnificent palaces, light and exquisite pavilions in the garden; There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing lively markets and "mountain villas" symbolizing rural scenery; Some are modeled after the autumn moon in Pinghu, the sunset photos of Leifeng in Hangzhou West Lake, and some are modeled after the lion forest scenic spots in Suzhou. There are also poems and paintings modeled after ancient poets and painters, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Chunjing. It can be said that Yuanmingyuan is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of the working people in our country, and it is also a model of the architectural art and culture of our people. Not only that, Yuanmingyuan also contains countless priceless treasures with different styles, extremely precious historical classics and rich and precious historical relics, such as paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain and so on. It can be called one of the treasures of human culture and the largest museum in the world.
Yuanmingyuan is a large-scale artificial garden with beautiful scenery. The flat land is stacked with mountains to control water, exquisite garden buildings and wide planting of flowers and trees. Rolling hills, winding water, pavilions, winding promenades, islands and bridges divide the vast space into 100 scenic spots with different tastes surrounded by mountains and rivers. The water surface in the park accounts for about four-tenths of the total area of the three parks. Large, medium and small water surfaces are artificially dug on the flat ground, and the rivers flowing around the circle are connected in series to form a complete river and lake system. There are 250 earth mountains in the park, large and small, which are combined with the water system. The water turns with the mountains and the mountains live because of the water, forming a well-defined garden space. Let the whole garden be as foggy as a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Although it is made by people, it is impossible.
Characteristics of water theme in architecture;
The landscape of Yuanmingyuan is mostly based on water, which makes it interesting, and many of them directly absorb the interest of famous waterscapes in the south of the Yangtze River. Surrounded by nine small islands, the Houhu Scenic Area of Yuanmingyuan is a symbol of Gong Yu and Jiuzhou. The small gardens or scenic spots built on each island have their own characteristics and learn from each other. There is a good chance of climbing Yueyang Tower to see Dongting Lake. "The rainbow is near the lake, spanning hundreds of feet, trimming fences and cutting wings, and it is a wide pavilion. The reflection of the tattoo, between the lintels and overlooking the sky, is a blue sky. " The west coast looks like watching fish in Yuquan, Hangzhou. Commonly known as goldfish pond. "Chiseling pool is a country where fish are happy, and there are more than a thousand scales beside the pool." Wanfang in the west of Yuanmingyuan is peaceful. The house is built by the lake, shaped like a Chinese character, warm in winter and cool in summer, with exotic flowers and grasses embroidered on the other side in the distance. Yong Zhengdi likes living here. Shui Mu residents in the north of Yuanmingyuan used Taixi (Xize) water method to introduce water into the room, and turned the fan. "The forest is rustling, the water is flowing, the stream is rustling and the birds are singing." Emperor Qianlong likes to spend the summer here. Serene of the West Lake in Changchun Garden has a three-story temple on the circular platform in Bai Yushi, which looks like a mirage from a distance.
Penglai Yaotai in Fuhai is based on the mythical Penglai Fairy Island, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shihuang sent a man named Xu Fu to lead more than 1000 boys and girls across the ocean to find fairyland and fairy medicine for him, so that the enterprise could live forever. This can only be "a sailing tourist will talk about Japan, and the water and fog are hidden outside the method." Yong Zhengdi asked craftsmen to build three islands with rugged boulders in the East Lake of Yuanmingyuan, symbolizing the legendary "Three Immortals Mountain" of Penglai, Yingzhou and the abbot. There are halls and pavilions on the island, just like five golden halls. Jade Building Twelve ",and named East Lake" Fuhai "according to the meaning of" Xu Fuhai strives for perfection ". There are also more than ten beautiful gardens on the four banks of Fuhai. Fuhai, five or six hundred meters wide from east to west, north to south, and the surrounding small waters, is about 35 hectares, which is equivalent to the water surface of Beihai Park. Here, the water is open and the scenery is beautiful. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, a large-scale dragon boat race is held here. On the night of July 15, the Qing emperor watched the river lantern here. After freezing in winter, the emperor took an ice bed to play in Fuhai. Fuhai is actually the water entertainment center of Yuanmingyuan.
Architectural features of the whole country:
Another notable feature of Yuanmingyuan is that it imitates many famous gardens all over the country, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. Li Hongceng, emperor of Qianlong, visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces six times in the south, visited Wutai stations in the west and visited Daiyue, Jehol, Shengjing (Shenyang) and Panshan Mountain in the east. Wherever he goes, he likes famous mountains, rivers and gardens. After returning to Beijing, he will let the accompanying painters draw and copy in the garden. According to incomplete statistics, there are no fewer than forty or fifty places that directly copy the landscape of Yuanmingyuan. The ten scenic spots of West Lake in Hangzhou are all copied from the park, and the names will not be changed. As the saying goes: whoever says the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful will shrink in your arms.
After Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, Yuanmingyuan has four famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. An Lan Garden in the northwest of Fuhai is one of them. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong's southern tour, Chen Jiao Garden in Haining was named "An Lan Garden". Emperor Qianlong liked the wonderful structure of this garden very much. After returning to Beijing, he rebuilt and built around the Four Overflows Bookstore in Yuanmingyuan, imitating its location. After the garden was completed, it was named "An Lan Garden". At that time, Changchun Garden also built three other famous gardens. One is the Xiaoleyuan Garden, which was built in the East Courtyard of Siyongzhai in the 23rd year of Qianlong's reign, modeled after the Wangyuan Garden of West Lake in Hangzhou. One was built in the thirty-second year of Qianlong, modeled after Jiangning (Nanjing). One is the lion forest built in the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, modeled after the famous gardens in Suzhou. For example, the Garden and Lion Forest have 16 scenic spots respectively. The west peak of Yuanmingyuan is beautiful, and it is the place where yongzheng emperor and Emperor Qianlong held a wonderful Tanabata feast on the seventh day of July. Here, you can borrow the scenery of the western hills. On the west bank of the river, there are a group of overlapping mountains, majestic and steep, and waterfalls in the mountain stream rush down. Looking closely, it looks like the majestic momentum of Lushan Mountain, hence the name "Little Kuanglu". Sitting on a stone by a stream, imitating the Yinshan Lanting in Shaoxing. Built in Yongzheng period, commonly known as Liu Beiting. Scholars such as Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty once lived in Yonghe on March 3, 1999 (the last day). They would gather in Lanting to meet, meander water, compose poems and repair wedges (sacrificial activities), which became a much-told story. The Lanting in the Yuanmingyuan, in the ravine, is rugged with rocks and continuous shock waves, and there are three-bay double-eaves pavilions. In the forty-four years of Qianlong, six "Preface to Lanting" posts by famous calligraphers of past dynasties were collected, which, together with the handwriting of great scholar Yu Min and Emperor Qianlong himself, became the "Eight Columns of Lanting". Emperor Qianlong requested that the pavilion be converted into eight directions and replaced with stone pillars, each of which was engraved with pillars. This is the famous Eight Pillars of Lanting in Yuanmingyuan. Dagong Kuanran, later also known as Shuanghezhai, was modeled after Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi. The northern part of this scene is in the middle period of Qianlong, which is modeled after the Yunlin stone chamber rock of Panshan Jingji Mountain Villa. Jiaqing poem praised "Shuanghe Zhai": the structure is deeply like Huishan, and the famous garden is quiet and leisurely. The winding path is steep, the pine and cypress are lush, the hole is rugged, and the stone is not stubborn. People know that the humorous garden in the Summer Palace is modeled after Huishan Airport Garden. In fact, there was a Jichang Garden in Yuanmingyuan at that time. It's just that the artistic conception of the two imitations has its own merits. Spring scenery in Wuling describes the artistic conception of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. Built at the end of Kangxi, it was called Taohuawu during Yongzheng. This used to be the place where Li Hong studied, and the library was called "Leshan Hall". In this scene, it is said that there are 10 thousand mountain peaches. There is an ancient Taohuawu in Nagato, Suzhou, which is said to be the former residence of Tang Bohu. Although the name of Taohuawu in Yuanmingyuan is adopted, it is not as good as Shengyuan in Peach Blossom Garden.
Modeling features of architecture:
There are more than 100 gardens and scenic buildings in Yuanming Three Gardens, which are usually called Hundred Scenery. It integrates various garden buildings such as halls, pavilions, pavilions, halls and corridors, covering an area of about 6.5438+0.6 million square meters. More than the total construction area of the Forbidden City 10000 square meters. The buildings in the park not only absorbed the advantages of the palace-style buildings of past dynasties, but also broke through the shackles of official norms in many aspects such as plane configuration, appearance modeling and group combination, and recruited a wide variety. It has created many rare architectural forms in the north and south, such as Zixuan, Ma Yuexuan, Tian Zi Temple, fan-shaped, bow-shaped, round mirror-shaped, I-shaped, mountain-shaped, cross-shaped, square-shaped, book-shaped and so on. In addition, in the layout of the garden, the scenery changes with the situation; All kinds of scenery in the park are interlocking and distinct, forming a colorful, natural and harmonious overall beauty. Wang Zhicheng, a French missionary, once had an image description. He said: there are many changes in the form of the buildings in Yuanmingyuan, which are uneven and have no stereotypes. Each of its small palaces seems to be made according to a strange model, which seems to be randomly arranged, and none of them is the same as the others. Everything is so interesting that people can't enjoy the scenery at a glance. They must study it carefully bit by bit.
Religious characteristics of architecture:
The temple gardens in Yuanmingyuan also reflect the ancient culture of China. Anyou Palace (Hongci Permanent) was built according to the old practice of Jingshan Shouhuang Hall. It is the royal ancestral temple in the park, dedicated to the "Emperor" of Kangxi and Yong Zhengdi. There are nine palaces with a ridge and double eaves and covered with yellow glazed tiles. This is the largest building in the garden. There are two pairs of China watches at the southern end of the central axis, which are surrounded by Qiao Songyan's cover, giving people a sense of solemnity. Fanghu Scenic Area is located in the northeast bay of Fuhai, built according to the imaginary fairy mountain Qiongge. According to historical records, there are more than 2,200 Buddha statues and more than 30 pagodas here. The front base of the building is made of white marble, which is in the shape of a mountain and extends into the water. The whole building is huge and magnificent. Whenever the mist first rises in the morning, the building appears and disappears in the smoke, just like Qiongge Yaotai. The style and momentum of this building are rare among the existing garden buildings in China. The Acropolis is a typical Buddhist building. It is said that it was built by imitating the layout of the capital of Sharo, and it is an ancient Indian bridge. There are 326 temples and houses in this city. Since Kangxi, whenever the emperor and the empress dowager celebrated their birthdays, the Buddha statues presented by princes and ministers were stored here. Among them, there are pure gold, silver-plated, jade carving and copper plastic, and there are hundreds of thousands of them year after year. Yuanmingyuan was ransacked and burned, and the losses caused by this place alone, whether it is economic value or cultural and artistic value, are difficult to measure by numbers.
Architectural evaluation of Yuanmingyuan;
Yuanmingyuan, which embodies the essence of ancient gardening art in China, was the most outstanding large-scale garden at that time. Emperor Qianlong put it well: "There is no better place, a place full of treasures and spirits." But also occupies an important position in the history of world landscape architecture. Its reputation spread to Europe, and it was called "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". Hugo, a great French writer, commented on 186 1: "Just imagine that it is a fascinating building like the castle of the Moon Palace, and the Summer Palace is such a building." It is often said that Greece has the Parthenon, Egypt has the pyramids, Rome has the Colosseum and the East has the Summer Palace. This is an amazing and unparalleled masterpiece. Location and Scale The Qing Dynasty devoted material resources to all parts of the country, gathered countless skilled craftsmen, filled lakes and piled mountains, planted exotic flowers and trees, gathered 40 scenic spots at home and abroad, built 145 large buildings, and collected countless art treasures and books and cultural relics. Among these buildings, in addition to the quadrangles with Chinese style, there are also western-style buildings such as Haiyan Hall and Garden Cinema in Changchun Garden, which is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". 1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing and burned Yuanmingyuan. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, burned and looted, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu. Eight Banners soldiers, bandits and local ruffians took advantage of the fire to rob nearly 100 buildings that remained in the park and were basically restored, and all the buildings and ancient and famous trees in Yuanmingyuan were completely destroyed. Since then, the cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan have been plundered by bureaucrats, warlords and profiteers for a long time, and even destroyed by government authorities in a planned way. The dignitaries of Beiyang government, including some people responsible for the protection of Yuanmingyuan site, relied on their power to transport stone carvings and Taihu stones from Yuanmingyuan to repair their gardens. The invaders not only took away precious historical relics, but also turned them into ashes without mercy. Yuanmingyuan covers an area of 350 hectares, of which the water surface area is about 140 hectares. The plot ratio of Yuanmingyuan is 10,000 square meters more than that of the Forbidden City, and the water area is equal to a Summer Palace, with a total area of 8.5 Forbidden City!
It inherits the excellent gardening tradition of China for more than 3,000 years, which has both the elegance of palace architecture and the euphemism of Jiangnan gardens. At the same time, it absorbs European garden architecture forms and blends different styles of garden architecture, making people feel harmony and perfection in the overall layout. It can really be said: "Although it was made by people, it is a fable." Yuanmingyuan is not only famous for its gardens, but also a royal museum with a rich collection. Hugo, a great French writer, once said: "Even if all the treasures of all museums in China are added together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum." The lobby of the park is decorated with countless mahogany furniture and displays many rare cultural relics at home and abroad. Garden Hanyuan Pavilion is one of the four royal libraries in China. There are precious books and cultural relics such as Sikuquanshu, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books and Essentials of Sikuquanshu in the park.
Yuanmingyuan was once famous for its grand geographical scale, outstanding architectural skills, exquisite architectural landscape, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was known as "the model of all gardening arts" and "the garden of ten thousand gardens".
18601October 6, the British and French allied forces looted the Yuanmingyuan, and all the cultural relics were looted. 18-0916 October, more than 3,000 intruders broke into the courtyard and burned the buildings in the garden. The once miraculous and mythical Yuanmingyuan has become a ruin, leaving only broken walls for tourists to mourn.
1? Early scenic spots
The northwest suburb of Beijing has been a good place to attract tourists since ancient times because of its beautiful scenery and clear springs. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has attracted the attention of Ji Cheng citizens and literati. During the Nanjing period of Liao Dynasty and the Zhongdu period of Jin Dynasty, royal and religious buildings such as palaces and monasteries began to be built here. It has gradually developed into a scenic spot in the suburbs of Ji Cheng. After the Yuan Dynasty, the palace buildings in ancient gardens were in ruins, but many pleasant places scattered with ponds and pastoral buildings were dubbed by poets as "You in a Single Ling". Since then, it has become a villa resort for later dignitaries. For example, the Tsinghua campus, in the area opposite the West Gate of Peking University (east of Kunming Lake), and the Tsinghua campus built by Li Wei in Wuqing, Ming Dynasty, are typical gardens.
2? The rise and fall of Yuanmingyuan
The Qing Dynasty made its capital in the Central Plains, built Beijing, followed the cities and palaces of the Ming Dynasty, and focused on developing the western suburbs. Emperor Kangxi made six southern tours, introduced the scenery and architectural style of the south of the Yangtze River to Beijing, and built Changchun Garden on the former site of Tsinghua campus in Li Wei. This garden is an alien detached palace, which was completed in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690). Near Changchun Garden, "Fuyuan" borders the suburbs. One of them was given to his fourth son Yong in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709). NFDBE？ Wang's Yuanmingyuan, but the garden is much smaller than the later Yuanmingyuan. Will this garden open in the future? Quot scenic spot, covering an area of about 500 mu. After Yin Zhen ascended the pole, the Yuanmingyuan was expanded, and a temple was built in the south, called "Outer Court", and a large number of buildings behind it were called "Inner Court". After the expansion, it covers an area of about 3000 mu. Among them, the big water surface is Fuhai. Emperor Qianlong also visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, collecting the world's famous places, "moving the sky and shrinking the land" to decorate the garden, and spared no effort to expand and repair the Yuanmingyuan. At this time, the park has the name of "Forty Scenes". This has led to an unprecedented heyday. Nine years after Qianlong, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (later changed to Wanchun Garden) were built in the east and south of Yuanmingyuan. The three gardens are connected by doors, one integrated mass, and the plane layout is inverted. Yuanmingyuan is the floorboard of the three major gardens. During the Jiaqing period, the renovation of Yuanmingyuan was still going on. At this time, the total area of Yuanmingyuan has reached more than 5200 mu, and the artificial water surface accounts for more than half of the total area. There are more than 300 embankments in Fu Gang Island, with a building area of 1.5 million square meters and 6 scenic spots 1.6. The temples in the garden are not only beautifully decorated and well furnished, but also a comprehensive art treasure house with countless ancient books and arts and crafts. It is a pity that such a magnificent 150-year-old garden was built continuously and destroyed by the British and French Coalition forces. 1In September, 860, the allied forces occupied Dagukou and occupied Hexi affairs along the Baihe River, which shocked the capital. Emperor Xianfeng fled to Chengde on September 22nd, 10 10 on October 5th, and the allied forces occupied Haidian. On the evening of the 6th, the French army entered the Yuanmingyuan, and on the 7th, the British army also entered the park. First, looting and destruction, 17 began to burn. The evil flames of the allied forces burned to 19, and the flames of three days and three nights swallowed up the magnificent palaces and human civilization in Yuanmingyuan.
3? Yuanmingyuan robbery
The British and French allied forces wanted to raze the Yuanmingyuan to the ground, but after all, the area of the three gardens was too large for the evil clutches to cover for a while, so some scenic spots such as "Kulan Dagong" and "Pengdao Remote Taiwan" survived. Surviving at that time opened the door for future generations to steal. In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1837), Cixi's attempt to restore Yuanmingyuan failed because of the huge loss of the park and the emptiness of the national treasury. Therefore, the reconstruction plan has to focus on Yuanming and Wanchun Garden first. Even so, due to the contradictions within the ruling class and the lack of building materials, it was forced to stop work. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, and Cixi Guangxu fled to the west. The Eight Banners stationed in the northwest suburb colluded with the palace supervisor and the local ruffians, demolished and sold the buildings in the park and cut down trees, leaving no buildings in the park. In the early years of the Republic of China, warlords and bureaucrats were even more unscrupulous, excavating underground architectural relics on a large scale, not to mention the relics on the ground, such as huabiao, Shishi, stone carving and Taihu stone, which had already been sold elsewhere. This phenomenon lasted for decades and still existed on the eve of the founding of New China. Quot treasure digger. Because this phenomenon lasted for a long time, a special industry was formed at that time, and the site was regarded as a "treasure house".
4? Disposal of Yuanmingyuan Site
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people paid more attention to the site of Yuanmingyuan, but there were different opinions on how to deal with it. In 1950s, a large area of greening work was carried out here, and some houses and roads were built one after another to facilitate the management of the site. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, residential areas have naturally formed in the ruins. Although the government has repeatedly refused to move into the park, natural reproduction is also an irresistible force. By the early 1980s, there were more than 3,000 farmers living in the park, some of whom were the fourth generation. A scholar said: "It is impossible to passively protect the site of Yuanmingyuan. Only through transformation and utilization can we actively protect it and truly protect it. After the mid-1980s, through the efforts of all parties, a new way to protect and build the site was found, that is, the government, the management office and nearby farmers cooperated to build the park, and the private office assisted and raised the park. So a new atmosphere appeared in the Yuanmingyuan site. By the early 1990s, it had become a large-scale "ruins park".
(2) Introduction of the site
1? Old Summer Palace
(1) "former dynasty" political activity area
10 1 To the west of middle school and to the north of Summer Palace Road, is the Grand Palace Gate of Yuanmingyuan. Inside the palace gate is a group of palace areas centered on "Zheng Da Guangming Hall", which forms a central axis around thousands of households, including "Jiuzhou Banquet" behind thousands of households and a group of "Diligence" in the east. NFDBE？ Fairy Hall, Baohe Hall and Auspicious Place; Fan Shuxin, Changchun Fairy Hall and Siyilou in the west. In this group of buildings, there are six central organs on both sides of the central axis to defend Yuanmingyuan, including the Cabinet and the Eight Banners Pavilion.
(2) Anyou Palace is dedicated to the portrait of the Qing emperor.
In the northwest corner of Yuanmingyuan, there is a group of special palace areas, which are majestic and solemn. This is the Anyou Palace dedicated to the statue of the Qing emperor. This group of palaces was built in Qianlong for five years (1740) and completed two years later. There are nine pagodas in the main hall, five pagodas in the left and right, five pagodas in the palace gate, two pairs of China watches (now one in Peking University and one in Beijing Library) and three archways, which are very spectacular.
(3) Wanfang Anhe
This is a group of buildings with strange architectural forms. Located in the west of Houhu Lake and northwest of Xinghuachun Pavilion, the plane layout is "?" 33-shaped, can meet the requirements of warm in winter and cool in summer. This form belongs to the type of "outdoor room" suitable for building in southern gardens. Currently "?" The zigzag temple base is still clearly visible.
(4) The Acropolis
This is another special group of buildings, in the northwest of Fuhai. There is a shopping street in the city, where the palace supervisor and the maid-in-waiting dress up as shop assistants and traders, similar to Suzhou Street in the Summer Palace. There are 326 halls and corridors in the city. Acropolis, Fanghu Scenic Area and Anyou Palace are the three largest groups of buildings in the park.
(5) Fanghu Scenic Area
In the bay to the north of Fuhai, a three-story "mountain"-shaped stone platform made of white marble extends into the water, with Lu 'an Hall, Qionghua Building and? Zhu Gong, wait. Among the existing gardens, few scenery can match this.
(6) Fuhai
Fuhai is the center of the whole park, and the water surface in the park is the largest. There are three small islands in the sea. There are seven buildings on the central island, including Pengdao Yaotai, Changjin Building and Sui 'an Room. There is a pavilion with "three mountains facing the sea" on the southeast island, crossing the bridge to the northwest North Island. This construction also belongs to the pattern of "one pool and three mountains".
2? Changchun garden
From Fuhai to the east, cross Yuanmingyuan and Mingchun Gate to Changchun Garden. The main building in the park is Chunhua Xuan, and there are 12 galleries on the left and right. Each gallery is embedded with 6 stone tablets, and dozens of books and posts are collected, with 99 people from each school. The most famous building in the garden is the Garden Cinema in the West Building. The park is famous for its combination of Chinese and western architecture, beautiful scenery, magnificent architecture and unique style. Other landscapes include Lion Forest, Najing Hall, Qingmen Pavilion, Zhanfeng Pavilion, Qingshuzhai and Yanjing Building. Serene Kincaid, built in the lake, is a two-story circular platform building with Dejin Pavilion built on it, which looks like a mirage from a distance.
3? Wanchunyuan
Southeast of Fuhai, formerly known as Qichun Garden. The gate of the Grand Palace is in the southeast corner of the garden, and there is an east-west room in front of it. The main hall inside the door is Ying Hui Hall. This garden is the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi and concubines. It was rebuilt by Cixi and renamed Wanchunyuan. There are 30 scenic spots such as "Guanglou" and "Siyi Bookstore" in the park. Although the "Dew Tower" is not within 30 scenes, the casting of its bronze dew is very unique. Wanchun Garden is not as grand as Yuanmingyuan and different from Changchun Garden, but it has its own special style of fluency and freedom.
(3) Ruins Park
In order to realize the policy of transformation and utilization, the government and local farmers have made joint efforts and cooperated in many aspects. First, the residents of the park moved, and then decided to focus on the development of Fuhai in the central area, so that it could benefit the people first. 1984, hundreds of thousands of people took part in voluntary labor to dig Fuhai, and at the same time piled the excavated earthwork into hills. Those who fail to take part in voluntary labor voluntarily donate money to support the restoration of Fuhai. With everyone's efforts, Fuhai restored the "Pengdao Yaotai" as planned. The clear water in the lake is clear, pointed lotus boats emerge from the water, and more than 200 yachts float on the 800-acre lake. Fuhai finally dried up 125 years, 1 July 19851day began to receive tourists. Following the development of Fuhai, the palace gate of Wanchunyuan and its affiliated buildings were repaired, and the Yuanmingyuan exhibition hall, several small bridges and flower arrays were newly opened. In recent years, the newly resurrected ruins park often holds large-scale sightseeing activities. For example, in the summer of 199 1, ethnic culture and art festivals are held, and ethnic minorities come to the park to display cultural programs, attracting a large number of tourists. Road Map of Yuanming, Changchun and Wanchun Gardens
(D) the big classroom of patriotism education
The site of Yuanmingyuan itself is irrefutable evidence of the invasion of China by foreign powers, and all China people who come to visit the park are filled with indignation. More than 60 years ago, when Li Dazhao paid tribute to Yuanmingyuan, he wrote poems angrily and denounced the thieves who destroyed the garden. Now, although the gardens have been afforested in a large area and garden villas have been built in Wanchun Garden, the remains of the West Tower, Dashui Law, Shuiguan Law and Yuanyingguan have been consciously preserved, and the ruins have been cleaned up, and the stone carvings have been sorted out, keeping the tragic situation after being stolen as a big classroom for patriotism education. Now it is often the place where party member leads an organized life and young students and workers receive education.