Analysis of common causes of pigskin pallor and its diagnosis and prevention
1 feed coefficient
In the process of feeding, if pigs suddenly become pale in a short time, and pigs with large size and good health are the first to get sick, it should be considered that the skin paleness is caused by feed factors.
1. 1 feed mycotoxin exceeded the standard.
Excessive mycotoxin in feed can cause multiple organ diseases, lead to the decline of growth rate and disease resistance of pigs, immune suppression and reproductive disorders of breeding pigs, and even lead to acute toxin poisoning death. At present, the common mycotoxins are aflatoxin (AFB 1), Fusarium moniliforme toxin (T-2 toxin), emetic toxin (DON), FUM toxin (FUM) and zearalenone, among which AFB 1 and T-2 toxin can cause liver damage and intestinal bleeding, and then make pig skin pale. The content of mycotoxin in feed should be monitored at any time, and mildew removers such as montmorillonite should be used, and moldy feed should be refused, and moldy and deteriorated feed in feed lines and troughs should be cleaned in time.
1.2 feed nutrient deficiency
Due to improper feed formula, lack of trace elements and vitamins, especially iron and B vitamins, can cause nutritional anemia in pigs, which will lead to emaciation, pale skin and visible mucosa. Therefore, it is necessary to feed pigs with complete feed to achieve a balanced nutrition.
Analysis of common causes of pigskin pallor and its diagnosis and prevention
1.3 feed pellet characteristics
Gastric ulcer is mainly caused by gastric acid and pepsin digesting mucosa itself, in which gastric acid is the decisive factor of ulcer. Coarse and small feed particles, lack of crude fiber, fine crushing, partial powder and high acidity may all lead to gastric ulcer. Because of the long onset time, it is often difficult to find at the initial stage, so it often occurs in pigs with a weight of 100 kg or more. The main symptoms are vomiting, gradual weight loss and dark stool color caused by slight bloody stool in the later stage, which can cause gastric perforation and peritonitis in severe cases.
Therefore, attention should be paid to the size of feed particles in the feeding process to avoid feeding powder for a long time, and baking soda can also be added to the feed to reduce the occurrence of gastric ulcer. Pigs with gastric ulcer can be fed bismuth nitrate and tannic acid protein, and severe cases should be eliminated in time.
2 disease factors
2. 1 Swine dysentery
Swine dysentery is an intestinal infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, which is characterized by mucinous or mucinous diarrhea, mainly manifested as diarrhea, blood samples in feces, stench and dehydration and emaciation. Anatomical lesions are mainly confined to the large intestine, with thin feces mixed with mucus, blood and tissue fragments. Mequindox can be used for intramuscular injection or mixed feed (4 mg/kg twice a day for 5 days).
2.2 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli enteritis
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli enteritis is an acute infectious disease caused by hemorrhagic Escherichia coli, mainly diarrhea. Acute diarrhea and death of sick pigs. Autopsy mainly showed gastrointestinal bleeding. Gentamicin, neomycin and colistin sulfate have good therapeutic effects on the disease.
Analysis of common causes of pigskin pallor and its diagnosis and prevention
2.3 Parasitic infection
Parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Eperythrozoon, Protozoa, Leptospira) are infected for a long time, which absorbs nutrients from pigs or destroys red blood cells, leading to malnutrition and blood thinning. Intestinal parasites can be treated with ivermectin and fenbendazole, and blood parasites can be treated with doxycycline and Xuehujing. At present, the proportion of parasite infection in large-scale pig farms is low, and the harm caused is relatively small.
2.4 Proliferative ileitis
Proliferative ileitis is a contagious disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, which is characterized by hemorrhagic, intractable or intermittent diarrhea in sick pigs, slow growth and pale skin as the main symptoms. Anatomically, the main manifestation is the thickening of ileum wall, which looks like sulcus gyrus. The intestines are full of coal tar-like feces. Can be mixed with 150 g/t for continuous use10 d.
In addition, pathogens such as porcine circovirus, porcine blue-ear virus and mycoplasma cause long-term diarrhea, cough and wheezing. Blue ear virus can directly or indirectly destroy the formation of red blood cells and cause anemia. After infected piglets, circovirus will enter the blood circulation system, leading to pig anemia. It will also make pigs pale. In view of the disease, it is necessary to prescribe the right medicine and deal with it in time.
3 Other factors
3. 1 congenital factors
Pigs with congenital anemia and pale face should be eliminated in time, and their male and female parents should be eliminated in time.
3.2 wound
In the process of feeding, internal injuries are not easy to find. Anatomy of some dead pigs showed that their livers and spleens ruptured, resulting in blood filling the abdominal cavity and excessive blood loss. Therefore, when transferring and unloading pigs, we must pay attention to the safety of pigs, reduce accidents and prohibit violent driving.
Analysis of common causes of pigskin pallor and its diagnosis and prevention
3.3 pallor caused by drugs
Long-term use of drugs that affect hematopoietic function, such as florfenicol, can also cause pigs to turn white. Although there are many reasons for pig body white, and the methods of treatment and prevention are different, the main reasons for pig economic loss are mycotoxin poisoning, proliferative ileitis and gastric ulcer. Therefore, in the management of fattening pigs, attention should be paid to detail management, reducing mycotoxin content, paying attention to biological safety in the field, reducing the stress of pigs and other factors that can lead to pig diseases. It is necessary to carry out targeted treatment for pig skin whitening caused by diseases, feed drugs sensitive to pathogenic microorganisms (such as mequindox and Zhiyuan Jing), and at the same time strengthen the nursing of pigs to speed up their recovery. However, it should also be noted that for some big pigs with long course of disease and poor treatment effect, it is recommended to eliminate them in time to avoid causing greater losses.