?

Li Qingzhao, a talented woman in the Song Dynasty, has a nickname "Li Sanshou", no problem. Only some rambling writers who scribbled articles took it for granted to write "Praise at that time", "Zhang Sanying" and "Zhang Sanzhong". It seems that the nickname "Li Sanshou" has existed since ancient times. Actually, it's wrong. It's not from ancient poetry, but from the name of the late famous classical literature research expert Fu Gengsheng (1943).

The so-called "three thinness" means that Li Qingzhao likes to use the word "thinness" in her ci, leaving three famous sentences with the word "thinness" for the ci world. The first famous sentence with the word "thin": "Do you know? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " (A Dream) The poetess broke away from convention and was unique. She transferred the "fat" and "thin" that usually describe people or animals to flowers and plants, and wrote her interest, feelings and modality of loving flowers: the language is novel and meaningful. Li Qingzhao is good at ordinary phonetic spectrum and new sounds, and won the praise and appreciation of literati in past dynasties. Hu Zai, a litterateur in the Southern Song Dynasty, praised: "Recently, women can write such beautiful words as Yi Lee's Ann. ......' green fat and red thin', this language is very new. " (Volume 60, the first episode of Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua) Shen Jifei, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The word' do you know' is wonderful. Green, fat, red and thin' was created by a woman, which is amazing! " Su Huang, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "Being green, fat, red and thin is infinitely sad but subtle. Short pictures have numerous twists and turns, which are sacred to words. "(Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire) Liaoyuan Huang is absolutely right and deeply understood. The second famous sentence with the word "thin": "New to thin, not dry wine, not sad autumn." ("Recalling Feng Tai Xiao") "Poetry is literature, not expensive." (Qing Shi Puhua's On Servant Poetry) The gifted scholars do not directly tell the reason of "new thinness", but use negative sentences to exclude and imply, so that readers can think and get it implicitly. Li Panlong, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, commented on the famous sentence "I'm new here and thin": "Writing a parting heart and thin sadness is really like a building for a woman in A Qin, and it is harmonious. "Chen Tingzhuo, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, commented:" The word' new here' is tactfully tortuous and wonderful. The pen is excellent and the rhyme is excellent. " (Shao Yunji, Volume 10). Tang Guizhang, a contemporary lyricist, thinks: "The phrase" I'm new here and thin "is more bitter than bitter wine. "("A Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci ") These are so refined that they comment on the taste and meaning beyond rhyme of" new here, as thin as cicada wings ",which is convenient for us to be full of lofty sentiments. The third famous sentence with the word "thin": "Mo Tao is unnecessary, and the curtain rolls west, and people are thinner than yellow flowers" ("Drunken Flowers"). The word "people are thinner than yellow flowers" echoes the word "sorrow" in the first sentence, meaning that people have flowers, similar in form and spirit, and things and I blend. This creates a sad and lonely situation of cherishing people, and outlines a picture of cold festivals, thin chrysanthemums in the west wind and beautiful flowers: the artistic conception is extremely beautiful and implicit. Xia, a contemporary master of Ci, thinks that the word "thin" in "people are thinner than yellow flowers" is "the eye of the word", which "summarizes the feelings of the whole word" and embodies the spirit of the whole word. ("Appreciation of Tang and Song Ci") It is said that Li Qingzhao gave it to her husband Zhao Mingcheng after writing "Drunken Flowers" in Chongyang. Zhao sighed and felt ashamed, but wanted to please her. So I closed the door and thanked the guests. I worked hard for three days and nights, filled in the word "Drunken Flower Yin", mixed my wife's words, and invited my friend Lu Defu to enjoy it. After repeated tastes, Lu said, "Only three sentences are excellent", that is, "... people are thinner than yellow flowers". (Yuan Yishen quoted Biography from Tianshu Kuku) The story told is not necessarily true, but the three quatrains it said are true. Li Qingzhao's "three thin" words describe the feelings of hurting spring, express the sadness of parting, and describe loneliness. They write "melancholy" from different angles, which is novel and ingenious; Give people an unusual aesthetic experience; Therefore, this name will last forever. Mr. Fu Gengsheng thinks: "Yi Anyou uses the word" thin ",so Mr. Zhang first named it" Sanying ",which means" Li Sanshou ".

In fact, it's not just Song Ci, but almost the whole China literature is permeated with thin aesthetic spirit. Literati poets always like to use the word "thin" to describe landscapes and people's feelings, which adds to the connotation and emotion of poetry and has a touching aesthetic feeling, just like China's ink-splashing freehand brushwork, which makes people appreciate the beautiful poetic landscape and be fascinated by its enduring charm.

Du Fu is a master of "thin" style. For example, in his Thirty Rhymes on the Ridge of the Bridge, he said that "barren children are thin, and dusk cries. The master misses the old horse and cares for the autumn firefly. The word "thin" tells the desolation and guilt of Du Fu, who was not an official, and his concern for his children when he was hungry in the thirteenth year of Tianbao. " From Beijing to Fengxiang, I am happy in the three places. "The fog and trees attract each other, and the lotus peak suddenly opens. The "thinness" of "old and thin, thieves come out from toil" is about the poet who ventured out of Chang 'an and went to Tang Suzong in Fengxiang after experiencing the "Tianbao Rebellion", and experienced hardships, aging and emaciation. In Xin 'anli, the fat man has a mother to send him, and the thin man is alone. White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan is still crying. "A word" thin "can make a lonely and helpless child be forced to go to the battlefield alone. The kind of weakness that is at a loss and impossible to talk about is sad and helpless, which contains many poets' sighs of sympathy and pity. The word "thin" in Du Fu's poems shows us that the poet is frustrated in his official career, feeling sad at times and feeling sorry for others.

Not only Du Fu, but also many poets love to use "thin". Feng Yansi in the recent love (this word is Ouyang Xiu's work) has "who abandoned the long leisure? Every spring comes, melancholy remains. I often get sick before the end of the day, but I don't care if my face in the mirror is thin. " In spring, my leisure troubles remain the same. Poets would rather be thin than drink to pass away their leisure troubles, so that readers can see a soul struggling under the weight of pain but unable to get rid of it, and only in "sick wine" can they be intoxicated and numb. Lu You's "Hairpin Phoenix" has "Spring scenery remains the same, people are empty and thin, and tears are red and bitter. Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion. Although Meng Shan is here, it is hard to trust Jin Shu. Mo, Mo, Mo! " Lovers are born and die, and other lovesickness is haggard, helpless, sentimental and desperate, which makes readers move. Feng Xiaoqing, a woman of the Ming Dynasty, married Sheng Feng, the son of Hang Haozi, was jealous by her first wife and moved to a lonely mountain, suffering from illness. Before the self-portrait, she wrote a poem "Complaint": "New makeup is actually competing with drawing, and I know where Zhaoyang is. The thin shadow shines from the clear water, so you must pity me and you. " That "thin shadow" is really pathetic.

In ancient poetry, we need "thinness" not only to describe people's scenery, but also to express people's psychology. The poet uses "thinness" to describe things, which has the same meaning inside and outside, and conveys the feelings of the characters from both form and spirit. "Thin" is really the poet's thoughts, feelings and artistic ingenuity. Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si"-"The old vine is faint, the small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world ",which is very representative. The ancient west wind and thin horse, lyrical by the scenery, outline the wandering and sad feelings of travelers on the desolate background. The word "thin" fully shows the strong sadness of "heartbroken people" wandering around the world. Among Li He's "Five Musts", there are "autumn waters in Shi Gen are bright, and autumn grass on the rocky shore is sparse. The phrase "autumn grass is thin" reminds people of the cold weather of frost and wind, which is in sharp contrast with the first sentence "autumn water is thin, hard, soft, charming, withered, glorious, sad and happy", and reflects the poet's contradictory psychological experience in a delicate and tortuous way. When leaves fall in the west wind in Xin Qiji's "Zhao Jun's resentment". People * * * Castle Peak is thin ",in late autumn, the west wind swept, trees rustled, and the originally lush Castle Peak became bitter and thin; Lovesick people are doubly sad, and their belts gradually widen in autumn leaves. Isn't it true that "everyone has lost weight"? Unique, comparing people with green hills, the novel association is amazing.