Artemisia is panicum miliaceum. The stem is erect, with many branches on the upper part and longitudinal ridges. The leaves are alternate, and the leaves in the middle of the stem are pinnately divided with linear lobules. Flowering in summer, the head is hemispherical, mostly conical and tubular, with female flowers outside and bisexual flowers inside.

It contains volatile oil, artemisinin (C2 1H22N2O) and picroside. It is used as medicine, but it is not a real Chinese medicine "Artemisia annua".

Artemisia annua, a traditional Chinese medicine, is the aerial part of the dry aerial part of Artemisia annua in Compositae. Harvesting in bud stage, cutting off the aboveground parts, chopping and drying in the sun. It was called "Qi" (Qin) in ancient times. Clearing heat and relieving summer heat, eliminating steaming and stopping malaria. It can be used for fever due to summer evil, fever due to yin deficiency, night heat and early cooling, bone steaming fatigue, malaria cold and heat, and damp-heat jaundice. This is a cheap antimalarial drug. The stem of Artemisia annua is cylindrical, with branches on the upper part, 30 to 80 cm long and 0.2 to 0.6 cm in diameter; The surface is yellow-green or brown, with longitudinal ridges; Slightly hard and easily broken, with marrow in the middle. Leaves alternate, dark green or brownish green, curly and fragile, complete with deep feathers, lobules oblong or oblong, short hairs on both sides. Unique smell, slightly bitter taste and cool feeling. It is best to be green, leafy and fragrant.

Chongqing Youyang enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of Artemisia annua L. in the world", which is the most important production base of Artemisia annua L. in the world, and is also a rich area with high artemisinin content. The average content of artemisinin is as high as 8‰, and 80% of Artemisia annua raw materials in the world are produced in Youyang, Chongqing. Its Artemisia annua production and planting technology has passed the national GAP certification, and Youyang Artemisia annua is also a national geographical indication protection product.

Chinese name: Artemisia annua

Latin scientific name: Artemisia

Nicknames: Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia mongolica, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, wormwood.

The method of two names: Artemisia

Field: the field of plants

Phylum: Angiosperm phylum

Category: Dicotyledonous plants

Subclass: sympodial flowers

Objective: Campanulaceae.

Family: Compositae

Yayako; carduoideae kitam

Ethnic group: Huang Ju ethnic group in spring.

Genus: Artemisia

Subgenus: Subgenus Artemisia.

Type: Artemisia annua

Subspecies: Artemisia macrophylla

Distribution: Nepal, India, Japan, Vietnam, North Korea, Myanmar, Chinese mainland.

Latin name: Artemisia

Geographical indication: Artemisia annua in Youyang

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plant morphology

What is the content of this paragraph? China Plant Image Database (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences)? Provide and participate in editing

plant morphology

What is the content of this paragraph? China Plant Image Database (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences)? Provide and participate in editing

morphological character

Youyang Artemisia annua Atlas? 42 species of panicum miliaceum; These plants smell good. The main root is single, vertical, with few lateral roots. Stem solitary, 30- 150 cm high. The upper part is multi-branched, green when young, with longitudinal stripes, and the lower part is slightly lignified, slender and hairless. Leaves blue-green or light green on both sides, glabrous; The basal leaves and lower leaves of the stem are divided into three comb-shaped feathers, with long petioles and withered leaves at flowering stage; The middle leaf is oblong, rectangular, oval or oval, 5-15cm long and 2-5.5cm wide. The second comb is pinnately divided, and the first comb is completely divided, with 4-6 lobes on both sides, and the base is round and wedge-shaped. Each lobe has many comb teeth in the shape of the Yangtze River Delta or small, slightly linear-lanceolate lobes with sharp tips and usually 60 on both sides. The upper leaves and bract leaves are divided into one (or two) comb-like feathers, sessile. The head is hemispherical or hemispherical, with a diameter of 3.5-4 mm, the peduncle is short and drooping, and there are linear bracts at the base, which are arranged in spikes on the branches and form a moderately spreading panicle on the stem; The involucral bracts have 3-4 layers, the outer layer is narrow, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, the back is green, hairless, with fine white spots, the edge is wide and membranous, the middle layer is slightly larger, the edge is wide and membranous, the inner layer is semi-membranous or membranous, and the top is round; Inflorescence spherical; The flowers are light yellow; The female flower is 10-20, the corolla is narrow and tubular, the eaves are 2-toothed, the style protrudes from the corolla tube, the apex is 2-forked, and the fork tip is pointed; 30-40 bisexual flowers, pregnant or not. Corolla tubular, anther linear, upper appendage pointed, Yangtze River delta-shaped, obtuse at the base, style equal to or slightly longer than corolla, forked at the top, truncated at the fork end, with eyelashes. Achenes oblong to elliptic. The flowering and fruiting period is from June to September.

It contains volatile oil, artemisinin (C2 1H22N2O) and picroside. It is used as medicine, but it is not a real Chinese medicine "Artemisia annua". It is reported that this species has the effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, relieving fever, expelling wind and relieving itching. Used as an antipyretic for yin deficiency and hot flashes, it can also stop night sweats and heatstroke, but it does not contain "artemisinin" and has no antimalarial effect. "Artemisia annua is light blue and yellow" described in ancient cursive scripts such as Compendium of Materia Medica may be this species; The "evil Artemisia" contained in "Disaster Relief Materia Medica" and "Wild Vegetables Record" is also this kind.

growing environment

Changxing is scattered in sandy land, valleys, forest edges and roadsides. It is also found on low-altitude and wet river banks and in coastal areas.

geographical distribution

China distribution

Artemisia annua is mainly produced in Chongqing Youyang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei (South), Shaanxi (South), Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan (East), Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. North Korea, Japan, Vietnam (North), Myanmar, India (North) and Nepal.

The type specimens were collected from the southeast of Himalayan Mountains.

production base

The base is located in Youyang County, Chongqing, Wuling Mountain, enjoying the reputation of "the capital of Artemisia annua". Youyang Artemisia annua is distributed all over the country, with large quantity and high quality. The average content of artemisinin, the effective component, can reach more than 8‰, and the content of artemisinin in some preferred varieties even reaches 16‰, ranking first in the world. Because malaria has been prevalent in Africa, America, Southeast Asia and other countries for a long time, quinine, an internationally used malaria treatment drug, was used in the past.