Apple 1. Explanation of Chinese nouns Pí nggu ǒ a. Deciduous trees, with oval leaves, serrated leaves, red and white, round fruits and sweet taste, are common fruits. The fruit of this plant. 1.2. mbth's English name: apple's English plural: apple's Japanese name: リンゴ (ri n go) Zhiguo's Korean name:? 1? 7? 7? 7 (special consultant/melon) 2. Introduction 2. 1. Cultivation History Apples are native to Europe, Central Asia and western Xinjiang, China, with a cultivation history of 5,000 years, which has exceeded one dynasty. Wild apples in Central Asia are considered as one of the birthplaces of modern cultivated apples and the original species of cultivated apples in Europe and America. European apple cultivation originated in Greece. With the discovery of the New World 300 years ago, apples were introduced from Europe to America, Japan introduced cultivation from Europe and America during the Meiji Restoration, and modern cultivated apples were introduced to Asia. Since then, Australia and Africa have also introduced planting. Cotton apples originated in China, recorded in Qin and Han Dynasties, and cultivated in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Qian and Lin Ling are discussed in detail in Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yaomin. Now it's apples, including betel nuts. Lingling is a sand fruit, so apples have been cultivated in China for more than two thousand years. There are still cotton apples in Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and other places, and Hexi Corridor is its central producing area. At present, most of the economically cultivated varieties are imported from abroad, called West Apple, with a cultivation history of less than 200 years. 2.2. Nutritional value Apple, called Taopo in ancient times, is sweet, sour and nutritious, and is one of the fruits suitable for all ages [2]. Its nutritional value and medical value are very high, and it is called "the first medicine for doctors" by more and more people. Many Americans think that apples are a necessity to lose weight. They go on a diet one day a week and eat apples on this day, which is called "Apple Day". ◇ Efficacy Vitamin C in apples is the protector of cardiovascular system and a healthy element for heart patients. People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Now the air pollution is more serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function and protect the lungs from dust and smoke in the air. The colloid and carrier element chromium in apple can keep blood sugar stable, so apple is not only a healthy snack for diabetics, but also an essential fruit for everyone who wants to control blood sugar. But also can effectively lower cholesterol. Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning. Chinese medicine believes that apples have the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, moistening lung to relieve annoyance, invigorating spleen and stomach, nourishing heart and benefiting qi, moistening intestine to stop diarrhea, relieving summer heat and sobering up. Nowadays, the pace of urban life is very tense, and professional people are under great pressure. Many people have different degrees of tension and depression. At this time, picking up an apple and smelling it will relieve the bad mood and refresh your mind. Expectant mothers eat an apple every day, which can reduce the reaction during pregnancy. Eating apples can not only lose weight, but also help digestion. It's good for the elderly. Apple contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats and so on. It constitutes an essential nutrient for the brain. The fiber in apple is beneficial to the growth and development of children and can promote the growth and development. Zinc in apples is beneficial to children's memory and can enhance their memory. But the acid in apples will corrode teeth, so it is best to rinse your mouth after eating apples. ◇ Applicable people are very suitable for infants, the elderly and patients. Applicability Eating 1-2 apples a day is enough to achieve the above effect. Men should eat more apples than women, because apples can lower cholesterol. Apples are rich in nutrition. Chewing slowly when eating apples is not only conducive to digestion, but also conducive to reducing human diseases. Don't eat fruit before meals, so as not to affect normal eating and digestion. Apples are rich in sugar and potassium salt, so patients with nephritis and diabetes should not eat more. ◇ Main nutrients [3] (per 100g) Component name content Component name content Edible part 86 Moisture (g) 85.8 Energy (kcal) 50 Energy (kj) 209 protein (g) 0.2 Fat (g) 0.2 Carbohydrate (g) 13. 1.7 cholesterol (mg) 0 ash (g) 0.2 vitamin a (mg) 8 carotene (mg) 50 retinol (mg) 0 thiamine (mg) 0 riboflavin (mg) 0.0 1 nicotinic acid (mg) 0.2 vitamin c (mg)/kloc- -E0δ-E0Ca(Mg)4 P(Mg)0K(Mg)70 Na(Mg)0.6Mg(Mg)0 Fe(Mg)0.6 Zn(Mg)0 Se(Mg)0.03 Cu(Mg)0 Mn(Mg)0 I(Mg)0 2.3。 Dietary value II. It is cultivated in Northeast China, North China, East China, Northwest China, Sichuan and Yunnan. Harvest fruits in summer and autumn when they are ripe, wash them for fresh use, or slice them and dry them in the sun. Sweet taste, slightly sour, cool nature, spleen and lung meridians entered. Has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing away heat, relieving vexation, moistening lung, stimulating appetite, invigorating spleen and relieving diarrhea. Indications: Qi deficiency, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, mild diarrhea, constipation, vexation with heat and thirst, excessive drinking, hypertension, etc. Reference contains sucrose, reducing sugar, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, alcohol, pectin, vitamin C, potassium and sodium. Apple injection without pectin can raise blood sugar, induce diuresis, adjust intestinal function (make it too excited or inhibited to be normalized) and slightly prevent the antihypertensive effect of deoxycorticosterone on rats. Usage: It can be used for vexation and thirst, or excessive drinking; Dyspepsia or spleen yin deficiency, eat less diarrhea. Usage: eat raw, wring juice, boil paste, or grind dry products into powder and decoct soup. 2.3.2. Nutritional analysis: 1. The colloid and trace element chromium in apple can keep blood sugar stable and effectively reduce cholesterol; 2. In the air pollution environment, eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke; 3. Polyphenols and flavonoids contained in apples are natural chemical antioxidants, which can reduce the risk of lung cancer and prevent lead poisoning; 4. Apple's unique fragrance can relieve the bad mood caused by excessive pressure, and also has a refreshing effect; 5. Apples are rich in crude fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help the human body to discharge waste smoothly, and reduce the harm of harmful substances to the skin; 6. Apples contain a lot of trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, iodine, manganese and zinc, which can make the skin delicate, smooth, ruddy and shiny. 2.3.3. Related groups: the general population can eat 1. Chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, constipation, chronic diarrhea, neurocolitis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, cancer patients, anemia and vitamin deficiency are particularly suitable. Expectant mothers eating an apple a day can reduce pregnancy reaction; 2. Patients with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, nephropathy and diabetes should not eat more. Patients with myocardial infarction are also not suitable for eating. Apples are rich in sugar and potassium salt. Food Matching: Apples should not be eaten with aquatic products, which will lead to constipation. 2.3.4. Attachment Yurongdan: fresh apples 1000g, chopped and mashed, squeezed into juice, boiled into thick paste, and mixed with honey. 65438+ 0 spoon each time, delivered in warm water. Originated from southern Yunnan materia medica. This product can benefit the stomach and promote fluid production. Used for deficiency of stomach yin, dry throat and thirst. Apple yam powder: dried apple 50g, yam 30g. * * * Grind into fine powder. Every time 15g, add appropriate amount of sugar and take it with warm water. This recipe combines apples and yam, which can benefit the spleen and stomach, help digestion and stop diarrhea. Used for dyspepsia, diarrhea due to eating less, or chronic diarrhea due to deficiency of spleen yin. The formula for treating infantile diarrhea with apples: Wash several apples with boiling water, peel them, steam them in water, and mash them for later use. Administration method: four times a day, each time100g, and about 50g for infants under one year old, 3-4 times a day. Don't eat other food at this time. After the symptoms improve, you can reduce eating apple puree and increase cow cheese appropriately. Efficacy: benefit the spleen and stomach, thicken the intestines and stop diarrhea. It also applies to frequent loose stool. Description: Soak peeled apples in cold boiling water to prevent oxidation and make apples brittle and sweet. Apple Steamed Eggs Therapy for Bronchial Asthma. I have been in poor health since I was a child, suffering from bronchial asthma. I'm prone to attack if I'm slightly allergic or tired, so my grandmother took me everywhere for medical advice, which didn't have much effect. Once, my grandmother got a medicated diet from an old Chinese doctor-steamed eggs with apples, so I ate it once a day for seven days, and my condition eased. The method is: choose a flat-bottomed apple, take out the stem with a knife, take out the core and part of the pulp to make an apple cup, then take a fresh grass egg, break it, pour it into the apple cup, cover the stem, put it in a steamer, steam it for 20 minutes after the water is boiled. Take it out while it's hot. Seven days later, my mother took me to the old Chinese medicine department for reexamination. After examination, my condition was stable, but in order to prevent recurrence, the old Chinese doctor suggested that I take the egg yolk rock sugar formula again for diet therapy. The method is to take egg yolk10g, rock sugar10g, mix them evenly, add 500g of yellow wine, and leave them for10g. 25 grams each time, twice a day. After eating for a while, my symptoms of bronchial asthma disappeared. Dr. Zhao Wenshuo's comments on folk dietotherapy in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Bronchial asthma is a common clinical disease, which is related to personal physique. This disease is stubborn and may accompany many patients for life. At present, there is no radical cure for modern medicine. There are many folk experiences, each with its own characteristics. For example, the method of steaming apples and eggs mentioned by the editor above is proved to be effective by the editor's practice. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, of course, asthma should be blamed on the lung, but the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine does not regard the lung as an isolated organ, and its function is related to the spleen and kidney. First of all, lung belongs to gold, spleen belongs to soil and kidney belongs to water in the five elements. Their relationship is that soil can produce gold and gold can produce water. That is, the spleen is the mother organ of the lung and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Therefore, the treatment of lung diseases is sometimes achieved by regulating the function of spleen and kidney. In addition, the apples in this recipe are sweet, so eating them often can tonify the temper, and play a role in improving soil fertility and producing gold. It is said that some remedies for asthma have added eggs, and the yolk enters the kidney meridian to tonify kidney qi, which can also achieve the effect of mutual growth of gold and water. Rock candy is a good product for moistening lung, which may be the reason why this prescription can have a certain curative effect on asthma. Apple+green tea may set off the beauty of thinness. You have tried the apple diet and the green tea diet. Apples and green tea are obviously good diet foods, but why are the effects not obvious? Ladies and gentlemen, have you ever thought about mixing apples and green tea to lose weight? Haha, let's try it! Method: Beat 1 apple into juice, add 1 teaspoon of green tea powder, and drink 1 time in the morning and evening. If you drink apple pomace together, it will be elegant and beautiful. Delicious apples really have many benefits, such as weight loss, skin beauty and detoxification ... it is really the first choice to lose weight this season. Cost: It only costs about 1 yuan each time. PS: Green tea powder can be bought in the teahouse. Generally, it is 20 packets 10 yuan, which is equivalent to 50 cents per packet. The amount of each packet is about 3 or 4 spoonfuls. Expert interpretation: suitable for people who can't control their appetite and want to eat everything when they see it. Drinking period: you can drink it every day before meals. Weight loss principle: apples are rich in potassium, which can not only relieve edema caused by excessive sodium intake, but also have diuretic effect, which can excrete excess water in the body. PS: Apple juice with dregs is rich in pectin and cellulose. The fiber content of each apple (about 3 grams) is equivalent to half a catty of celery. They can help digestion and absorption in the stomach and prevent constipation. Drinking a cup of green tea and apple juice before meals (apple pomace cannot be filtered out) will make you feel full first, so you won't eat too much. Intimate suggestion: However, nutritionists suggest that in order to increase the weight loss effect of green tea and apple juice, it is best to drink 1 cup before meals, and then start eating after the information of satiety reaches the brain. This can reduce at least 1/3 calories (about 240 calories) when eating. Eating apples can cure prostatitis. Patients with prostatitis [1] eat 3-5 apples a day, or often drink high-concentration apple juice, which can improve the zinc protein in prostate fluid, thus improving the antibacterial and bactericidal ability of prostate. In order to achieve the purpose of treating and preventing prostatitis! 2.4. Life-related: 2.4. 1 Apple selection method: Apples include: Red Fuji, Gala, Red General, Jonakin, Red Star, Qin Guan, Huang Yuanshuai, etc. Red Fuji: 1 See if there are concentric circles on the apple handle. Because of the sunshine, the sweeter the apple, the more ripe it is. See if there are any stripes on the apple. The more, the better. The redder the apple, the brighter the better. Qin Guan Apple: 1 Pick a symmetrical apple (preferably a medium-sized apple) 2 Press the apple with your hand, it will be sweet when pressed, and it will be sour if it is not pressed. 3 the color should be uniform. Marshal Huang Apple: 1 Pick a yellow apple, the more pockmarked the better. Weigh it by hand, the lighter one is cotton, and the heavier one is crisp. Yellow banana apple: 1 The more pockmarked. The tanks, cans and altars used must be washed and dried, and the inner walls of the tanks, cans and altars should be wiped with white wine. You can also put half a bottle of white wine in it (the dosage can be determined according to the storage capacity), and the bottle mouth is open. After harvesting, put the apples in the shade for a few days, and then put them in pots, cans or jars in layers. Spray white wine after filling, which can vary from 50- 150g depending on the storage capacity. Cover it with absorbent cotton, and then cover it with a plastic sheet to prevent the smell of alcohol. When eating apples, cover them with it, which can generally be kept for more than half a year. The box for storing apples should be clean and tasteless, with two layers of paper at the bottom and around. Each apple should be wrapped in soft white paper and placed neatly in the box. For ruby, red star, banana and other round apples, it is best to put them horizontally, while Guoguang, India and other varieties are flat and round, so that apples are under greater pressure. The box is most suitable for inspection at 0-2℃ every other month, and some rotten fruits should be removed in time. 2.5. When it comes to apples in other places related to apples, we have to mention Lingbao, because China has a high altitude, which is especially suitable for the growth of apples, and the fruit taste is higher than that in other parts of the country in both sour and sweet. As one of the three treasures of Lingbao, with the strong support of government departments, it has gradually formed a good industrial chain of production, storage, processing and sales. Tianshui Huaniu Apple is the first apple variety with official trademark in China international market. As early as forty years ago, Tianshui "Hua Niu" apple was as famous as American "Snake Fruit". In 2008, Tianshui City was listed as the second batch of superior apple producing areas in China by the Ministry of Agriculture. At present, the total area of apples in the city is1157,000 mu, and the area of "Hua Niu" alone is 758,000 mu, with a total output value of 5 10/00,000 yuan. It is the largest marshal apple production base in China. Yantai apple is one of the famous products in Shandong Province, and its main producing areas are Qixia, Zhaoyuan, Haiyang, Muping and Fushan. Yantai apples are famous at home and abroad for their sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and have always been loved by domestic and foreign markets. As the birthplace of Yantai apples, the development of Yantai apples has entered a new stage of leap-forward development. By 2000, the ratio of orchard area to apple yield in the whole city 1978 increased by 6-7 times. Exported to Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Russia and other countries and regions, deeply loved by consumers all over the world. China is the world's largest producer and consumer of apples, accounting for more than 40% of the world's total apple planting area and output, and occupies an important position in the world's apple industry. There are four major apple producing areas in China: Loess Plateau, Bohai Bay, Old Yellow River and Southwest Cold Region. According to the climatic and ecological suitability standards, the Loess Plateau in Northwest China and Bohai Bay are the most suitable areas for apple production in China. The planting area of apples in these two areas accounts for 44% and 34% of the country respectively, the output accounts for 49% and 365,438+0% of the country respectively, and the export accounts for more than 90% of the country. The old Yellow River production area belongs to the sub-suitable area of apple production, and the apple production scale in the southwest cold plateau is small and the industrial base is poor, which can not meet the requirements of the apple production advantage area. 3. Introduction to the classification of cultivated botany The botanical classification of apples is [9]: phylum: angiosperms: dicotyledonous plants: Rosaceae: Rosaceae: Applesubfamily Weber: Malus: Group. Apple: Apple series. Category: Apple. Apple is the fruit of Malus in Rosaceae, with about 25 species. Apple tree is the most widely cultivated fruit tree. Apple is a kind of pear fruit, which is developed from ovary and tissues around it. Most apple trees are cross-pollinated, and 2 ~ 4% of apple trees have ideal fruit setting. Although the size, shape, color and acidity of mature apples vary greatly with varieties and environmental conditions, they are usually round, with a diameter of 50 ~ 100 mm (2 ~ 4 inches) and a reddish or yellow color. There are thousands of varieties of apples, which are divided into three categories: wine varieties, cooking varieties and tail foods. The three varieties are different in color, size, fragrance, smoothness (and possibly crispness and flavor). Many varieties have high sugar content, moderate acidity and low tannin content. Besides raw apples, there are many cooking methods, which are often used as snack fillings. Apple scones may be the earliest sweet-tailed food in America. Fried apples are often eaten with sausages, pork chops and other dishes, especially in Europe. 3. 1. Cultivated historical apples are native to Central and Southeast Europe, Central Asia and even Xinjiang [4]. In Europe, as early as 300 BC, M.P. Cato had recorded the varieties of apples. Later, the Romans began to cultivate, graft and reproduce. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, J.B. Montessori and T.A. used natural hybridization to select seedlings and gradually popularized cultivation. When the New World of America was discovered, European immigrants introduced apples to America, and many new varieties were cultivated in America. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan introduced apples from Europe and America to Asia. Since then, Australia and Africa have also introduced apples. In the past hundred years, apples have been planted all over five continents. The earliest Europeans ate apples and improved their choices. Some varieties were seen more than 2000 years ago. Before colonizing the United States, there were hundreds of known varieties in Europe. Later, with the wave of immigration sweeping across North America, the seedlings of apple varieties also spread everywhere, becoming itinerant messengers of local legends, which played an important role in the spread of apples. The most prominent one was john chapman (nicknamed "〔Johnny Appleseed"), who planted apples widely in Ohio and Indiana. Indians and hunters may also spread apples. Apple has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years. According to legend, the "purple nai" eaten by Yu Xia is a red apple, which means that there were apples in China a long time ago. Guo of the Jin Dynasty wrote: "There are many cases in the west, and every family takes cut dew as preserved fruit, and hundreds of them are accumulated, which is called regular food." At that time, it was known that "on the second day of the first month, if the axe is mottled, it will spare the child." That is, it is similar to modern girdling technology and promotes more achievements. It can be seen that the technical level of apple planting in China in Jin Dynasty has reached a quite high level. Li, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem in "100 Poems on the South China Sea", which has been recited: "There is autumn wind in the house, and the green leaves are not exhausted. I mistakenly think it is a flower, but I don't know that the pods are scarlet." By the Ming Dynasty, there were not only "Su-naphthalene, Zhu-ban and Qing-ban" cooked in summer, but also "Liangzhou had winter-ban, which was cooked in winter and blue in color" (Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica). China Gugeng Ba and Lin Ling, though "smooth and playful, heard several steps", "taste, the immature people eat like cotton wool, and the overripe people rot with sand" (see "Group Room Spectrum"). After European apples were naturalized in China in the middle of19th century, they gradually replaced cotton apples in China. European apples first settled in Yantai, Shandong, and were introduced to Qingdao, Shandong and southern Liaoning from the end of 19 to the beginning of this century, and began to be cultivated economically. At present, in all apple producing areas in China, except for the original apple tree species, most of the economically cultivated apple varieties are introduced from Europe, the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union and other countries, which are called western apples. The history of apple cultivation in China. The history of apple cultivation was first seen in Shang Fulin: Magnolia officinalis written by Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 125- 18). Among them, "Xi" is regarded by most scholars as the later cotton apple, which is the ancient name of China apple. According to Miscellanies of Xijing (3rd-4th century AD), all kinds of fruit trees in Shanglinyuan at that time were "when Shanglinyuan was first built, the ministers gave it different fruits from afar ..." Among them, "white, purple and green". Since we have contributed to the famous fruit, the cultivation of the origin is bound to be earlier. In the 1920s, Cao Zhi had a White Form, a Form of Thanks, and Biography of Historical Records in Huo Zhi described several kinds of fruit trees that had been mass-produced in mainland China at that time, but did not mention them. In a word, according to the change of the name and connotation of Nai since the Han Dynasty, it reflects that China Mian Apple also has a development process. Second, the history of western apple cultivation1After the middle of the 9th century, the sea was closed and opened, a large number of western cultures were imported, and the exchange of fruit tree resources became more frequent. Apple trees were also introduced. 1, Introduction of Early Apples There are many ways to introduce early apples. Shandong is the earliest. According to Yantai local chronicles, in 186 1 year, John L.Nevius, an American Presbyterian, was sent by the Presbyterian Church to Dengzhou, Shandong Province (now Penglai City) from Shanghai. He returned to America on 1864 because his wife was ill. When Mr. and Mrs. Ni returned to Yantai in 187 1, they brought western apples, pears, American grapes, European plums and sweet cherries and planted them in the southeast foothills of Yuhuangding, Yantai, and named them "Guangxing Orchard". 2. Introduction and production of apples in the first half of 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, apples in Liaoning and Shandong developed rapidly. 1909 The largest apple orchard in Lushun (later changed to Lushun Farm) includes 96 Guoguang and 550 Japanese tapestries. After the Russo-Japanese War, after the lease rights of Lushun and Dalian were transferred to Japan, 1909 established a nursery in Xiong Yue (19 13 was changed into an agricultural experimental field), and some main varieties were introduced from Japan. 19 10 introduced red sunflower, Zhuguang and XuHe Guoguang. During the period of1914-1921year, three varieties such as Yuyue were introduced. 3. During the recovery period of 1950- 1952 apple production, the state adopted a series of recuperation policies, supported agricultural production, granted interest-free loans to fruit tree production, and reduced the fruit industry tax. At the same time, technical guidance institutions for fruit trees were established in key fruit areas, and fruit marketing was organized through supply and marketing cooperatives, which increased the income of fruit farmers and promoted the recovery of fruit industry. In the old apple producing areas, the remaining old apple trees were quickly restored, the main pests and diseases were effectively controlled, and the first batch of state-owned horticultural farms (mainly northern apples) began to be established, and the output rebounded rapidly. 4. The rise of apple industry in 1950s and 1960s. Since 1953, the movement of rural mutual aid and cooperation in China has risen, which has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers to develop production. 1955, the Ministry of Agriculture put forward the idea of "focusing on mutual assistance and cooperation, vigorously improving the yield and quality of existing fruit trees, and actively expanding new orchards to mountainous areas and barren hills in a planned way". All new orchards will be exempted from agricultural tax, and the purchase and sale work will be improved accordingly. 5. Establishment and development of commodity bases Since 1985, due to the quick return of apple investment and high efficiency, all other regions except Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan and Shanghai have taken the development of apple production as an important means to develop mountainous areas, get rid of poverty or accumulate funds to support agricultural production, especially Shaanxi Province, where 25 high-quality apple base counties have been established. From 1992, the annual output reached 8.429× 105t, second only to Shandong and Liaoning. 1993 surpassed Liaoning and ranked second in the country. Area and output of provinces in China from 65438 to 0995. 3.2. Farming status 3.2. 1. The current situation of apple planting in the world The annual output of apples in the world is about 32 million metric tons. In Europe, most apples are used to make cider and brandy. Apples used to brew cider account for 1/4 of the world output. The United States, China, France, Italy and Turkey are the largest producers, while France, Italy, Hungary, Argentina, Chile, South Africa and the United States are the largest exporters. At present, there are more than 80 countries producing apples in the world, and the main producing countries are 12, and the annual output exceeds or approaches10 million tons. China (46%), the United States (9%), Turkey (6%), Italy (5%), France (5%) and Poland (5%) in turn. Besides China, Yuan Shuai and Jinguan are two main cultivated varieties in the world. If China is included, Fuji will become the largest cultivated variety in the world. At present, newly developed orchards in the United States, Italy, France, Chile and South Africa account for more than 50% of red Fuji, and the cultivated area of red Fuji in China accounts for 49.6% of the total apple area. Main varieties planted in various countries: Japan: Fuji, Tsutsugaru, Wang Lin, Jonathan, Lu Ao, Shanshan, etc. United States: Jonathan, Enpai, Red Fuji, New Red Star, Gallas, Briburn; Australia: imported marble, Australian green apples, Murray gems, etc. New Zealand: Gallas, Pacific Rose, Brisbane, Gorgeous; Korean: Gan Hong, Lu Hong, Shuguang, Qiu Guang, Huahong.