Oranges can be divided into early maturity and late maturity. Generally speaking, early maturity can be in August, and late maturity can reach 1 1 at the latest. Citrus, orange and orange are three different varieties of citrus fruits, which are easily confused because of their similar shapes. Citrus is the general name of orange, tangerine, tangerine, kumquat, pomelo and bitter orange. The names of oranges and oranges have long been confusing. From a scientific point of view, oranges are the basic species with small flowers, easy peeling and dark green embryos. Citrus is a hybrid of orange and sweet orange. The flower is big, the fruit is not peeled like an orange, and the embryo of the seed is light green. Therefore, among the wide-peel oranges, the orange (Rutan) is orange, and the Wenzhou tangerine is orange, not orange. Citrus and orange belong to the same family but different species in plant taxonomy. In addition, oranges and oranges are often collectively referred to as "citrus".
Chinese medicine believes that oranges have the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, resolving phlegm, strengthening spleen, promoting qi circulation and quenching thirst, and are excellent fruits for men, women and children (especially the elderly, patients with acute and chronic bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases). Oranges are treasures: not only the pulp has high medicinal value, but also its skin, core, collaterals and leaves are "authentic medicinal materials". Orange peel, medically known as "dried tangerine peel", has the effects of regulating qi, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, strengthening spleen and regulating stomach, and is often used to prevent and treat chest pain, hernia, breast distension, breast lump, stomachache and dyspepsia.
Cherry tomato
Small tomatoes ripen in late winter. Small tomatoes, also known as cherry tomatoes, are mostly plum-shaped and pear-shaped, and mature fruits are often bright red, pink, orange or yellow. There are pink, orange or yellow.
Tomatoes like large fruits are not suitable for eating on an empty stomach, because tomato fruits contain a lot of pectin, gossypol and other ingredients, which are easy to form insoluble lumps with gastric acid, causing gastric dilatation and severe pain. Traditional medicine believes that tomatoes are slightly cold, sweet and sour, and have the functions of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing away heat and cooling blood, tonifying kidney and promoting diuresis. Modern research has found that the vitamin C content of cherry tomatoes is slightly higher than that of large-fruit tomatoes, but it is not high on the whole. But because fruit contains a lot of organic acids, it can protect vitamin C very well. Experiments show that the preservation rate of vitamin C is as high as 93% when tomatoes are peeled, cut into pieces and fried in oil for 3 ~ 4 minutes. Considering that the color pigment lycopene in fruits belongs to carotenoids, in order to facilitate the use of lycopene by human body, it is best to fry it with vegetable oil.
Like tomatoes, olives are inedible. Because the immature fruit contains lycopene, it will cause poisoning. The content of vitamin PP in cherry tomatoes ranks first among fruits and vegetables. The role of vitamin PP is to protect the skin, maintain the normal secretion of gastric juice, promote the production of red blood cells, and also have an auxiliary treatment effect on liver diseases. The content of vitamin C in cherry tomato is 10 times that of watermelon. Because organic acids can protect vitamin C from being destroyed or less destroyed during cooking, they have a preventive effect on many cancers.
pawpaw
Papaya will be produced all year round, because there are few other temperate fruits in winter, and ordinary tropical fruits such as papaya will become people's choice this season. Papaya is known as the "king of all kinds of fruits". There are two kinds of papaya, plant papaya and tropical fruit papaya. Papaya is divided into edible papaya and medicinal papaya from the use.
Papain in papaya can break down fat into fatty acids. Modern medicine has found that papaya contains an enzyme, which can digest protein and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of food, so it has the function of invigorating the spleen and promoting digestion. Carica papaya L. and papain have anti-tuberculosis effects and anti-parasitic effects such as tapeworms, roundworms, whipworms and amoeba, so they can be used to kill insects and fight tuberculosis.
Chymosin in papaya can promote lactation, and papaya has anti-lymphocytic leukemia effect, so it can be used to promote lactation and treat lymphocytic leukemia (hematologic cancer). Papaya contains a lot of water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and a variety of essential amino acids, which can effectively supplement human nutrition and enhance human disease resistance.
Papaya contained in papaya pulp can relieve spasmodic pain and has obvious therapeutic effect on gastrocnemius spasm. Fruit is rich in papain, vitamins C and B, calcium, phosphorus and minerals, and it is nutritious. The fruit is rich in carotene, protein, calcium salt, protease, lemon enzyme and so on. It has the functions of preventing and treating hypertension, nephritis, constipation, digestion and gastropathy, promoting metabolism, resisting aging and caring skin.
sugarcane
65438+sugarcane ripens in February. The most common edible sugarcane in China is bamboo cane. Sugarcane is suitable for planting in places with fertile soil, abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between winter and summer. Sugarcane is a temperate and tropical crop, which is the raw material for making sucrose. Ethanol can be extracted as an energy substitute.
More than 100 countries in the world produce sugarcane, and the largest sugarcane producers are Brazil, India and China. Sugarcane is rich in sugar and water, and also contains a variety of vitamins, fats, protein, organic acids, calcium, iron and other substances that are very beneficial to human metabolism. It is mainly used for sugar production and is now widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. Sugarcane is the main raw material for sugar production in China. In the world total sugar production, sucrose accounts for about 65%, while China accounts for more than 80%. Sugar is one of the necessities of human beings, and it is also an important raw material for candy, beverage and other food industries. At the same time, sugarcane is an important raw material for light industry, chemical industry and energy.
Sugarcane is sweet in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, regulating stomach to stop vomiting, nourishing yin and moistening dryness. Indications: dry mouth, insufficient body fluid, dysuria, dry stool, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, hiccup, high fever and excessive drinking.
oranges and tangerines
The harvest period of oranges is from June 65438 to February of the following year. The fruit of orange is oblong or oval, small, with a single fruit weight of about 1 10g, a round top, a large and obvious sealing ring, a flat pedicle and a slightly concave pedicle. Peel orange or orange, slightly smooth or with obvious ribs; Thick skin and sweet taste. There are many varieties of oranges, such as blood orange and navel orange.
Oranges contain a lot of vitamin C and carotene, which can inhibit the formation of carcinogens, soften and protect blood vessels, promote blood circulation, and reduce cholesterol and blood lipids. Studies have shown that drinking three glasses of orange juice a day can increase the content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the body, thus reducing the possibility of heart disease. Orange juice contains a specific chemical component, namely flavonoids and limonin, which can promote the increase of HDL and transport low-density lipoprotein to the outside world. Regular consumption of oranges is effective in preventing gallbladder diseases. The smell of oranges helps to relieve people's psychological pressure and help women overcome their nervousness.
It should not be eaten before meals or on an empty stomach, otherwise the organic acids contained in oranges will stimulate the gastric mucosa and be harmful to the stomach. Don't drink milk within 1 hour before and after eating oranges, because protein in milk will solidify when it meets fruit acid, which will affect digestion and absorption. Oranges are delicious, but don't eat too much. Brush your teeth and rinse your mouth in time after eating oranges to avoid harm to your mouth and teeth. Don't soak the orange peel in water to drink, because there are preservatives on the orange peel, which is difficult to wash off with water.
shaddock
The maturity of common pomelo varieties is mostly concentrated in11~ 65438+February, while the maturity of short late pomelo is in the second year of1~ February, that is, during the Spring Festival. Grapefruit is sweet and sour, cool and moist, rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value. It is one of the precious fruits that people like to eat, and it is also recognized by the medical community as the most therapeutic fruit. Citron tea and grapefruit peel also have practical value.
Modern pharmacological analysis shows that the pulp and peel of grapefruit are rich in immature bitter orange, new orange peel, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, minerals, sugars and volatile oil. Pomelo peel is similar to other flavonoids and has anti-inflammatory effect. Pomelo peel compound has stronger anti-inflammatory effect than pure product. Modern medical research has found that grapefruit meat is rich in vitamin C and insulin-like components, so it has the effects of lowering blood sugar, reducing blood fat, losing weight, beautifying skin and nourishing. If eaten regularly, it has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on diseases such as diabetes and arteriosclerosis, and has the effect of strengthening the body and caring skin for obese people. But you shouldn't eat too much. If you eat too much grapefruit at a time, it will not only affect the detoxification function of the liver, but also cause other adverse reactions, even poisoning, including dizziness, nausea, palpitation, tachycardia, fatigue, hypotension and so on.
Knowledge points woody plants and herbs
Woody plants and herbaceous plants are the general name of a kind of plants, but they are not a unit in the scientific classification of plants. They correspond to each other. Woody plants are solid plants whose roots and stems thicken and form a large number of xylem, and their cell walls are mostly lignified. The aboveground parts are perennial plants, which are divided into trees and shrubs, and are generally called "trees".
Corresponding to woody plants, people call other plants herbs. The xylem of herbaceous plants is underdeveloped to underdeveloped, and the stems are juicy and soft, which is usually called "grass". But occasionally there are exceptions, such as bamboo, which belongs to herbs, but people often regard it as a tree. According to the life history of herbs, they can be divided into annual, biennial or perennial plants. Most herbs die at the end of the growing season. Natural landscapes in different seasons; Natural landscapes in different seasons.