As early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there were records of witch doctors treating people by massage. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many schools appeared and recorded the methods of massage to treat diseases. In terms of naming, the therapy of suppressing kneading was called "massage" at that time; The therapy to make the patient's hands and feet flex, breathe and pitch is called "guidance" and "lifting", and the combination of the two methods is called "pressing lifting" and "rubbing". Han Feizi, Lao Zi, Mo Zi, Han Feizi, Biography of Historical Records and Bian Que, etc. There are descriptions of massage therapy and some techniques have been formed. Qin and Han Dynasties is an important stage of China's historical development, and massage techniques have formed an independent system with the development of medicine. The first book in the history of massage in China, Huangdi Qibo Massage, appeared in volume 10, which had a great influence on the history of massage.
After a long time, massage technology has gradually developed in China. Nearly 700 years before and after Jin and Tang Dynasties, massage reached its peak, and new methods of massage for children were constantly introduced. The Theory of Etiology in this period and the three famous prescriptions in history, Elbow Backup Urgent Prescription, Qianjinfang and Taitai Secret Recipe, recorded the outstanding achievements of massage techniques in this period. Massage has become one of the four major subjects in court medicine teaching. According to the introduction of Six Classics in Tang Dynasty, massage can treat eight diseases, such as wind, cold, heat, dampness, hunger, satiety, fatigue and relaxation, which greatly expands the application scope of massage. At this moment. Medical science in China has developed rapidly, and medical knowledge and technology have spread overseas with the expansion of Sino-foreign exchanges.
Massage technique was seriously hindered in Song and Yuan Dynasties. In Song Dynasty, the Imperial Medical Bureau cancelled the massage department established in court education since Sui and Tang Dynasties. Nevertheless, Taiping Shenghui Fang and Shengji Zonglu, which mainly collect folk prescriptions and prescriptions, still record the achievements of doctors in the Song Dynasty in massage. This period attaches great importance to the analysis of technology.
The Ming Dynasty was the second prosperous period in the history of Chinese massage development, and the massage department was re-established in Thai hospital. He has accumulated rich clinical experience and theoretical knowledge in children's massage. In A.D. 160 1 year, the first monograph on massage for children was published in China. As a branch of tuina, infantile tuina has formed a unique system in syndrome differentiation, manipulation, acupoint selection and treatment. In addition, the name "Tuina" was first put forward in this period.
Although the massage department was abolished in Taiyuan Hospital in Qing Dynasty, great achievements were made in bonesetting massage, one-finger massage and health massage. In addition, the massage doctors in Qing dynasty also made remarkable achievements in treating traumatology diseases with massage. Touching, receiving, lifting, pressing, kneading, pushing and taking are listed as eight methods for traumatology in the synopsis of the golden chamber of medical cases. Massage methods in traumatology were basically formed in this period.
In the early days of the founding of New China, massage therapy ushered in a period of vigorous development. Many provincial and municipal hospitals have set up massage departments, held massage training classes all over the country, and have special massage training bases. After the reform and opening up, chiropractic therapy and massage anesthesia were developed on the basis of traditional massage techniques and applied in clinic. Now the whole world is paying attention to massage, an ancient therapy. I believe that in the near future, massage therapy with China characteristics will be rapidly promoted and developed all over the world.
In the long development process of massage therapy, due to academic origin, mentoring relationship, society, region and other complex reasons. Gradually formed many unique tuina schools and branches. Moreover, most of these tuina schools have a long history and are popular in a certain area. He has certain academic theoretical guidance and rich practical experience, and a good technology is called "genre technology" or "attending technology". For example, in northern China, the techniques of various massage schools are often bright and vigorous, while those of southern schools are more delicate and soft. Representative massage schools mainly include: one-finger massage, massage by pressing, massage by pushing inside, acupoint massage, bone-setting massage, massage for children, health care massage and so on. For example, acupoint massage therapy is a kind of massage therapy evolved from acupuncture, building, acupoint selection, kicking and acupoints in China traditional martial arts, which is popular in Qingdao and Jiaodong. In martial arts, the above acupuncture is not only an offensive means, but also a healing method. Acupoint massage therapy refers to the active acupoints in Wushu and summarizes the experience of medical acupoints. A school of massage used to prevent and treat diseases under the guidance of the theory of meridians and qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine. Its surgical style is vigorous and agile. The main technique is tapping, and other techniques are tapping, tapping, pressing, pinching and hitting. The whole technique is based on various points, punches, strokes and strokes. Acupoint massage needs the finger strength, arm strength and whole body support of the performer, so beginners should practice acupoints first. The main techniques are shield-lifting, luck-hitting, supine, back-hitting, centipede jumping, eagle claw force, mountain-pushing and waist-tying.
Manipulation is the basis of massage. Skillful and appropriate use of techniques. Directly affect the therapeutic effect of the disease. Massage techniques pay attention to persistence, strength, softness and penetration. It mainly includes various manipulations such as kneading, kneading, patting and stretching, and each manipulation has its own characteristics, adaptive parts and symptoms. For example, kneading methods can be divided into thumb kneading, thenar kneading, thenar kneading, palm root kneading, forearm kneading, elbow tip kneading and so on. During the operation, different surgical techniques should be selected according to the different lesion sites, such as elbow-tip kneading for muscle-rich parts and thumb kneading for cervical vertebrae and other parts with less muscle distribution. Through proper treatment, you can relax muscles, promote blood circulation, reduce swelling and relieve pain.
Massage therapy has magical curative effect, mainly because it acts on the operation site, meridians and acupoints through different methods, which plays a role in promoting local blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating tendons and restoring, and correcting abnormal anatomical parts of human bones and soft tissues. It also achieves the purpose of treating diseases by adjusting yin and yang, relaxing tendons and strengthening bones, and regulating the functions of meridians, qi and blood and viscera. Massage therapy is widely used in clinic because it brings little pain to patients, has no toxic and side effects, is easily accepted by patients, and has quite good therapeutic effect, and will certainly play a greater role in TCM diagnosis and treatment activities.