2) ozone layer destruction There is an ozone layer in the stratosphere about 20 ~ 30 kilometers near the earth's atmosphere, in which the ozone content accounts for one hundred thousand of the total gas at this height. Although the ozone content is small, it has a strong function of absorbing ultraviolet rays, so it can stop the harm of solar ultraviolet radiation to life on earth and protect all life on earth. However, some pollutants emitted by human production and life, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants used in refrigerators and air conditioners, can be strengthened after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays, forming highly active atoms to react with ozone (O3) in the ozone layer and turn them into oxygen molecules (O2). This kind of action happens in a chain, and ozone is consumed rapidly, which destroys the ozone layer. The hole of Antarctic ozone layer is one of the most obvious signs of ozone layer destruction. By 1994, the ozone layer over Antarctica had destroyed 24 million square kilometers. The ozone layer over Antarctica was formed in 2 billion years, but it was destroyed by 60% in a century. The ozone layer in the northern hemisphere is thinner than ever before. The ozone layer over Europe and North America decreased by 10 ~ 15% on average, and even decreased by 35% over Siberia. Therefore, scientists warn that the ozone layer above the earth is damaged more seriously than most people think.
(3) Acid Rain Acid rain is acidic precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6 caused by acidic pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (nitrogen oxides) in the air. A series of serious environmental problems, such as acidification of soil and lakes, destruction of vegetation and ecosystem, corrosion of building materials, metal structures and cultural relics, have appeared in areas endangered by acid rain. Acid rain first appeared in northern and central Europe in 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the acid rain in northern Europe was caused by the migration of industrial acid waste gas in central Europe. Since 1970s, many industrialized countries have taken various measures to prevent air pollution in cities and industries, one of which is to increase the height of chimneys. Although this measure has effectively changed the atmospheric environmental quality in the discharge area, the problem of long-distance migration of atmospheric pollutants has become more serious. Pollutants cross national boundaries, enter neighboring countries, and even drift over long distances, forming a wider range of transnational acid rain. In addition, the use of fossil fuels in the world is increasing, which further expands the area where acid rain is harmful. Europe, North America and East Asia are the regions with the most serious acid rain hazards in the world.
In the 1980s, acid rain mainly occurred in the southwest of China. By the mid-1990s, it had spread to the south of the Yangtze River, the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the vast areas of the Sichuan Basin.
Two, 1, turn off the tap conveniently.
When you wash your hands and soap, turn off the tap. Don't wash dishes and clothes with tap water on the tap. When you see a leaking faucet, be sure to tighten it.
2, a water multi-purpose
Try to use secondary water. For example, rice washing water or vegetable washing water can water flowers; After washing your face and clothes, water can be left to clean the floor and flush the toilet. Take more baths, which saves water and is more hygienic.
3. put a coke bottle in the water tank of the toilet.
If your toilet has a large capacity, you can put a coke bottle full of water in the water tank. Through this little gesture, you can save water 1.25 liters each time.
4. Use less detergent
Most detergents are chemical products, which will pollute water sources. When washing dishes, if there is too much greasy, you can first pour out the residual greasy, and then wash it with hot soup noodles or hot soap, so as not to let too much oil drain into the waterway. Kitchen utensils with heavy oil pollution can also be cleaned with soda water.
5. Don't leave the TV on standby for a long time.
Standby state refers to only remote shutdown, but the power supply is not completely cut off. The standby power consumption of each color TV is about 1.2W/ hour.
Step 6 cook in warm water
Cooking with warm water can save electricity by 30%. The inner pot and electric heating plate of rice cooker should be cleaned in time. Unplug the power plug of the rice cooker immediately after use, which can save electricity and prolong the service life.
7. Try to be a bus owner or a bicycle owner.
More public transport such as buses, subways and trams can not only save gasoline, but also reduce air pollution caused by automobile exhaust emissions and ease traffic jams. People with private cars try to use unleaded gasoline, because lead will seriously damage people's health and intelligence.
Environmental shopping, turn banknotes into tickets.
If we can see clearly whether the goods are marked with "China Environmental Protection Mark" before buying, the money in our hands will become a "green ballot"-which product meets the environmental protection requirements, we will buy it and make it occupy more and more shares in the market; If a product does not meet the requirements of environmental protection, we will not buy it, and at the same time we will mobilize others not to buy it, so that it will be gradually eliminated or forced to buy green food that meets the requirements of environmental protection.
8 buy green food
Many vegetables and fruits were sprayed with pesticides and fertilizers, and many foods used additives. This kind of food is harmful to health and intelligence. Therefore, we should buy fresh fruits and vegetables without pesticides and fertilizers, and eat less convenient fast food with preservatives, colored drinks and crispy snacks with additives. Or look for the "green food" sign to buy food.
9. Choose phosphorus-free washing powder
After phosphorus-containing washing powder enters the water source, algae in the water will grow wildly, the oxygen content in the water will drop, and the creatures in the water will die due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, water has become stagnant water and smelly water.
10 Buy rechargeable batteries
The batteries we use every day rely on chemical action, also known as corrosion, to generate electricity. When it is abandoned in nature, these substances will slowly overflow from the battery, enter the soil or water source, and then enter the human food chain through crops. After the waste dry batteries reach 30 kg, you can contact the local garbage recycling center for recycling.
1 1. Overpackaging is rejected.
The packaging cost of cosmetics, health care products and many other commodities has accounted for 30%~50% of the cost. Excessive packaging increases the economic burden of consumers, increases the amount of garbage and pollutes the environment.
12, bring your own basket to buy food.
Take less plastic shopping bags when shopping, and take cloth bags or vegetable baskets when shopping on the street.
13, use less disposable tableware
When eating out, bring your own chopsticks and spoons. Use less fast food boxes, paper cups, paper plates, etc. In particular, use fast chopsticks less once. Disposable chopsticks were invented by the Japanese. Japan's forest coverage rate is as high as 65%, but their disposable chopsticks are imported. The forest coverage rate of China is less than 14%, but it is a big exporter of disposable chopsticks.
14, less wooden pencils, more mechanical pencil.
Some developed countries have regarded the production of wooden pencils as a "sunset industry" and started to produce only mechanical pencil.
15, make full use of white paper and try to use recycled paper.
Used paper can be turned over to make draft paper and post-it notes. Refuse to accept those publicity materials that are distributed everywhere. Making these publicity materials will not only waste a lot of paper, but also destroy urban sanitation because of distributing and posting them everywhere. Recycled paper is made of recycled waste paper. One ton of waste paper = 800kg of recycled paper = 17 big trees.
In many countries, the use of recycled paper has become fashionable. People are proud to show a sentence printed with "made of recycled paper" to show their awareness of environmental protection and civilized education.
Classified recycling, regaining the old tradition of waste recycling
"Recycling" is no stranger to us. I remember when I was a child, I could save three toothpaste skins for a candy cake; Orange peel can be sold to pharmacies when it is dried; Waste cloth ends and waste ink bottles can be reused. Garbage not only did not cause environmental disasters, but also provided raw materials for society. Now, we have made it a habit to mix garbage.
We should know that garbage mixing is to treat garbage as waste, and garbage repackaging is to treat garbage as resources; The mixed garbage is sent to landfill, occupying a lot of land, and the sub-packaged garbage is distributed to various recycling departments without occupying land; Mixed garbage, whether buried or burned, will pollute the land and atmosphere, and repackaging garbage will promote harmless treatment; Mixed garbage increases the work of sanitation and environmental protection departments, and repackaging garbage only requires our little efforts.
16. Set up three sorting garbage baskets at home.
Domestic waste can usually be divided into: 1. Recyclable materials, including waste paper, waste plastics, waste glass, waste metal, etc. 2. Non-recyclable materials, including kitchen residues, such as lime soil, vegetable leaves, skins and cores of melons and fruits; 3. Harmful substances, including batteries and fluorescent tubes. Setting up three garbage baskets at home can produce garbage and repackage garbage at the same time.
17. Sell plastic garbage, waste paper, waste glass and metal once a month.
Many waste plastics can be reduced to recycled plastics, and all waste lunch boxes, food bags, textile bags and soft packaging boxes can be recycled into fuel.
1 ton waste plastic = 600kg gasoline.
Each piece of paper can be recycled at least twice. Office paper, old envelope stationery, notebooks, books, newspapers, advertising paper, cartons, paper tableware, etc. It can be recycled for the first time and printed into books, manuscripts, business cards, post-it notes, etc. After the second recycling, it can also be made into toilet paper.
Recovering aluminum from aluminum cans consumes 7 1% less energy than extracting aluminum from bauxite. The energy saved by recycling a glass bottle can keep the light bulb on for 4 hours.
18, exchange, donation and transformation of surplus items
There may be some useless things thrown away in your home. Have you ever thought about reusing them through exchange and donation?
Many old things can be reused. You might as well try to replace some useless things with some useful household gadgets and supplies. For example, photo frames made of white foam plastic, bedspreads or wall hangings made of cloth heads or outdated clothes, various decorations made of plastic juice bottles, postcards and New Year cards made of waste paper, etc. As long as you use your brain a little, you can turn many useless things into your own creative works, which are both leisure and environmentally friendly, killing two birds with one stone.
Protecting nature means protecting ourselves.
On the earth, human beings are not the only animals, there are many other creatures. Like human beings, they are all natural people. The extinction of any species will affect the balance of the whole biological chain. Protecting biodiversity means protecting ourselves. Let's build a nature reserve in everyone's mind.
19, refused to eat wild animals and refused to use wild animal products.
Don't go to restaurants that eat wild animals. Do not wear rare animal fur clothing, do not use wild animal and plant products, such as ivory, tiger bones, mahogany furniture, etc.
20. Adopt a tree or be an environmental volunteer for one day.
Take part in the activity of adopting a tree, hang a small sign on the tree, write your name, water it regularly, cultivate the soil, take care of its growth and make it a member of your family.
The value of oxygen produced by a 50-year-old tree is about 250 thousand yuan; The value of absorbing toxic gases and preventing air pollution is about 500 thousand yuan; Increase the value of soil fertility by about 250 thousand yuan; The water conservation value is 350,000 yuan; Providing breeding grounds for birds and other animals is worth about 250 thousand yuan; Protein is worth 20,000 yuan. Excluding the value of flowers, fruits and wood, the total value is about 6.5438+0.5 million yuan.
How to reduce the influence of TV on health?
The flame retardant in TV sets will split at high temperature, resulting in dioxin bromide, which is harmful to human health. So what should we pay attention to when watching TV?
When watching TV, it is best to take air every 1 hour 10 minute, so as to effectively reduce the indoor concentrations of inhalable particles and brominated dioxins. In addition, don't eat while watching TV, because bromodioxins have a strong adsorption capacity on food.
When watching TV, you should sit in front of the TV, and the best distance is 6-8 times the diagonal of the TV picture. Wash bare skin with warm water after watching TV.
After the TV set is used for a period of time, it is best to ask professionals to dust it, or simply use a small vacuum cleaner to dust the cooling holes.
It's no use opening the window in traffic jams.
Traffic jams are common in cities. In case of traffic jam, many people will roll down their windows to get some air, or turn off the air conditioner and open the windows to save fuel. As we all know, it is best not to open the window when there is traffic jam.
According to experts, the places with serious traffic jams are narrow, crowded, with poor air circulation and high benzopyrene content. Benzopyrene is a kind of gas with special smell, which is produced when burning gasoline, coal or smoking. It not only stimulates the respiratory tract, but also is a carcinogen. In addition, due to the incomplete combustion of the engine, other harmful substances, such as benzene, toluene, xylene and suspended particles, will be produced in the air.
Generally speaking, the main roads and traffic lights are seriously polluted. The main road of expressway is easy to form a banded pollution zone, and the pollution degree is centered on the main road and gradually weakens from the middle to both sides. At the intersection of traffic lights, when the green light is on, the engine begins to release toxic gases.
In fact, many people open windows to breathe because they are annoyed when they encounter traffic jams. At this time, you might as well listen to music or chat to relax your mood, or you can conceive a dinner menu or plan your work for a week, so that you won't feel tired of traffic jams.
How to clear and reduce the air pollution of new cars
With the improvement of people's living standards, some consumers have bought their beloved new cars, but the air pollution in new cars has attracted more and more attention. Experts remind car buyers to pay attention:
1. Never close the window when the new car is opened for half a year, use air conditioning as little as possible, strengthen ventilation, and release harmful substances in the car as soon as possible;
2. If the owner has his own garage, he can open the doors and windows for ventilation at any time when he is not driving;
3. The interior should be YEATION to prevent some floor glue and seat covers containing harmful substances from being decorated in the car;
4. Newly-bought textiles such as car seat covers are easy to contain formaldehyde, so it is best to rinse them with clean water before use.
5. You can choose some plants, flowers or fruits that can release fragrance and put them in the car. However, this can only cover up the unpleasant smell in the new car, but it can't remove the air pollution of the vehicle;
6. Many car owners like to spray perfume in their cars to improve the smell of new cars. They should pay attention to the choice of natural materials. At present, many perfumes are chemical synthetic products, which have certain pollution, so we should choose them carefully.
7, the use of car air purifier and other purifying agents must be cautious. At present, some manufacturers have produced some products to purify the air in the car, which can reduce the pollution in the car to a certain extent, but we must pay attention to choosing products with good effect and small side effects;
8. If the owner finds himself with physical symptoms after driving a new car for a period of time, such as smoking in his eyes, respiratory irritation or even dizziness, and if the smell cannot be completely distributed within three months or even six months, the air quality inside the car should be tested to find and remove the pollution sources inside the car as soon as possible;
9. Four types of people should pay special attention to the hazards of pollutants from new cars: people with weak constitution, women and children, and people with allergic constitution. These people should try to avoid driving and riding new cars for a long time. Studies have proved that women are particularly sensitive to the inhalation of benzene and formaldehyde, especially during pregnancy, which will lead to fetal malformation and abortion.
Twenty small environmental protection things that can be done conveniently! !
1, conveniently turn off the tap.
When you wash your hands and soap, turn off the tap. Don't wash dishes and clothes with tap water on the tap. When you see a leaking faucet, be sure to tighten it.
2, a water multi-purpose
Try to use secondary water. For example, rice washing water or vegetable washing water can water flowers; After washing your face and clothes, water can be left to clean the floor and flush the toilet. Take more baths, which saves water and is more hygienic.
3. put a coke bottle in the water tank of the toilet.
If your toilet has a large capacity, you can put a coke bottle full of water in the water tank. Through this little gesture, you can save water 1.25 liters each time.
4. Use less detergent
Most detergents are chemical products, which will pollute water sources. When washing dishes, if there is too much greasy, you can first pour out the residual greasy, and then wash it with hot soup noodles or hot soap, so as not to let too much oil drain into the waterway. Kitchen utensils with heavy oil pollution can also be cleaned with soda water.
5. Don't leave the TV on standby for a long time.
Standby state refers to only remote shutdown, but the power supply is not completely cut off. The standby power consumption of each color TV is about 1.2W/ hour.
Step 6 cook in warm water
Cooking with warm water can save electricity by 30%. The inner pot and electric heating plate of rice cooker should be cleaned in time. Unplug the power plug of the rice cooker immediately after use, which can save electricity and prolong the service life.
7. Try to be a bus owner or a bicycle owner.
More public transport such as buses, subways and trams can not only save gasoline, but also reduce air pollution caused by automobile exhaust emissions and ease traffic jams. People with private cars try to use unleaded gasoline, because lead will seriously damage people's health and intelligence.
Environmental shopping, turn banknotes into tickets.
If we can see clearly whether the goods are marked with "China Environmental Protection Mark" before buying, the money in our hands will become a "green ballot"-which product meets the environmental protection requirements, we will buy it and make it occupy more and more shares in the market; If a product does not meet the requirements of environmental protection, we will not buy it, and at the same time we will mobilize others not to buy it, so that it will be gradually eliminated or forced to buy green food that meets the requirements of environmental protection.
8 buy green food
Many vegetables and fruits were sprayed with pesticides and fertilizers, and many foods used additives. This kind of food is harmful to health and intelligence. Therefore, we should buy fresh fruits and vegetables without pesticides and fertilizers, and eat less convenient fast food with preservatives, colored drinks and crispy snacks with additives. Or look for the "green food" sign to buy food.
9. Choose phosphorus-free washing powder
After phosphorus-containing washing powder enters the water source, algae in the water will grow wildly, the oxygen content in the water will drop, and the creatures in the water will die due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, water has become stagnant water and smelly water.
10 Buy rechargeable batteries
The batteries we use every day rely on chemical action, also known as corrosion, to generate electricity. When it is abandoned in nature, these substances will slowly overflow from the battery, enter the soil or water source, and then enter the human food chain through crops. After the waste dry batteries reach 30 kg, you can contact the local garbage recycling center for recycling.
1 1. Overpackaging is rejected.
The packaging cost of cosmetics, health care products and many other commodities has accounted for 30%~50% of the cost. Excessive packaging increases the economic burden of consumers, increases the amount of garbage and pollutes the environment.
12, bring your own basket to buy food.
Take less plastic shopping bags when shopping, and take cloth bags or vegetable baskets when shopping on the street.
13, use less disposable tableware
When eating out, bring your own chopsticks and spoons. Use less fast food boxes, paper cups, paper plates, etc. In particular, use fast chopsticks less once. Disposable chopsticks were invented by the Japanese. Japan's forest coverage rate is as high as 65%, but their disposable chopsticks are imported. The forest coverage rate of China is less than 14%, but it is a big exporter of disposable chopsticks.
14, less wooden pencils, more mechanical pencil.
Some developed countries have regarded the production of wooden pencils as a "sunset industry" and started to produce only mechanical pencil.
15, make full use of white paper and try to use recycled paper.
Used paper can be turned over to make draft paper and post-it notes. Refuse to accept those publicity materials that are distributed everywhere. Making these publicity materials will not only waste a lot of paper, but also destroy urban sanitation because of distributing and posting them everywhere. Recycled paper is made of recycled waste paper. One ton of waste paper = 800kg of recycled paper = 17 big trees.
In many countries, the use of recycled paper has become fashionable. People are proud to show a sentence printed with "made of recycled paper" to show their awareness of environmental protection and civilized education.
Classified recycling, regaining the old tradition of waste recycling
"Recycling" is no stranger to us. I remember when I was a child, I could save three toothpaste skins for a candy cake; Orange peel can be sold to pharmacies when it is dried; Waste cloth ends and waste ink bottles can be reused. Garbage not only did not cause environmental disasters, but also provided raw materials for society. Now, we have made it a habit to mix garbage.
We should know that garbage mixing is to treat garbage as waste, and garbage repackaging is to treat garbage as resources; The mixed garbage is sent to landfill, occupying a lot of land, and the sub-packaged garbage is distributed to various recycling departments without occupying land; Mixed garbage, whether buried or burned, will pollute the land and atmosphere, and repackaging garbage will promote harmless treatment; Mixed garbage increases the work of sanitation and environmental protection departments, and repackaging garbage only requires our little efforts.
16. Set up three sorting garbage baskets at home.
Domestic waste can usually be divided into: 1. Recyclable materials, including waste paper, waste plastics, waste glass, waste metal, etc. 2. Non-recyclable materials, including kitchen residues, such as lime soil, vegetable leaves, skins and cores of melons and fruits; 3. Harmful substances, including batteries and fluorescent tubes. Setting up three garbage baskets at home can produce garbage and repackage garbage at the same time.
17. Sell plastic garbage, waste paper, waste glass and metal once a month.
Many waste plastics can be reduced to recycled plastics, and all waste lunch boxes, food bags, textile bags and soft packaging boxes can be recycled into fuel.
1 ton waste plastic = 600kg gasoline.
Each piece of paper can be recycled at least twice. Office paper, old envelope stationery, notebooks, books, newspapers, advertising paper, cartons, paper tableware, etc. It can be recycled for the first time and printed into books, manuscripts, business cards, post-it notes, etc. After the second recycling, it can also be made into toilet paper.
Recovering aluminum from aluminum cans consumes 7 1% less energy than extracting aluminum from bauxite. The energy saved by recycling a glass bottle can keep the light bulb on for 4 hours.
18, exchange, donation and transformation of surplus items
There may be some useless things thrown away in your home. Have you ever thought about reusing them through exchange and donation?
Many old things can be reused. You might as well try to replace some useless things with some useful household gadgets and supplies. For example, photo frames made of white foam plastic, bedspreads or wall hangings made of cloth heads or outdated clothes, various decorations made of plastic juice bottles, postcards and New Year cards made of waste paper, etc. As long as you use your brain a little, you can turn many useless things into your own creative works, which are both leisure and environmentally friendly, killing two birds with one stone.
Protecting nature means protecting ourselves.
On the earth, human beings are not the only animals, there are many other creatures. Like human beings, they are all natural people. The extinction of any species will affect the balance of the whole biological chain. Protecting biodiversity means protecting ourselves. Let's build a nature reserve in everyone's mind.
19, refused to eat wild animals and refused to use wild animal products.
Don't go to restaurants that eat wild animals. Do not wear rare animal fur clothing, do not use wild animal and plant products, such as ivory, tiger bones, mahogany furniture, etc.
20. Adopt a tree or be an environmental volunteer for one day.
Take part in the activity of adopting a tree, hang a small sign on the tree, write your name, water it regularly, cultivate the soil, take care of its growth and make it a member of your family.
The value of oxygen produced by a 50-year-old tree is about 250 thousand yuan; The value of absorbing toxic gases and preventing air pollution is about 500 thousand yuan; Increase the value of soil fertility by about 250 thousand yuan; The water conservation value is 350,000 yuan; Providing breeding grounds for birds and other animals is worth about 250 thousand yuan; Protein is worth 20,000 yuan. Excluding the value of flowers, fruits and wood, the total value is about 6.5438+0.5 million yuan.
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