1. Overview Goose is a treasure, with high comprehensive utilization value, simple feeding, high input-output ratio, low feeding risk, better economic benefits than raising chickens and ducks, and it is a good way to get rich. Raising geese means exchanging grass for meat, and geese eat a hundred herbs, which can make use of a lot of green feed and some coarse grains. This is determined by the physiological characteristics of geese. The muscle and stomach pressure of geese is more than half that of ducks and 1 times that of chickens. Under this intense exercise and the grinding of sand and gravel, the cecum of geese contains more microorganisms, which can ferment and decompose cellulose into lower fatty acids, making cellulose easy to dissolve and absorb. The absorption rate of protein in grass by geese was 76%. Goose feed has wide sources, low price and low cost. Goose has good adaptability, strong disease resistance, low requirements for environmental conditions in the shed, and no need for a good shed. Except for the gosling house, the temperature in the house can be kept above 0℃ in winter. Goose has few diseases and is an infectious disease that threatens poultry. According to the type of natural infection rate, geese are less than chickens 1/3. Goose production cycle is short and quick. Generally, it takes a production cycle from birth to slaughter and listing. Among herbivorous livestock and poultry, cows average 18 months, mutton sheep 5-6 months, meat rabbits 3-3.5 months, and the shortest production cycle of geese is 2-3 months. At present, the production cycle of most goose breeds in China is 70-80 days. Geese live in groups and are easy to manage. Goose is gentle, does not run around and jump around, is convenient for grazing and yard management, does not necessarily occupy strong labor, and can be raised by women, children and the elderly.

Second, the variety of geese.

Variety is the internal factor that determines benefit. Plant good seedlings, good seedlings bear good fruits, and good fruits have good benefits. As for the varieties of geese, it can be said that China is rich in goose resources, only 12 is listed in the national poultry variety catalogue, and there are some varieties. For example, Guangdong Province is used to raising local grey geese, such as Lion Head Goose, Wuzong Goose and Magang Goose, which have good meat quality. Anhui likes to raise geese and white geese in western Anhui. Although there are 30-40 fewer eggs, there are 3-4 laying periods for geese, and they can lay eggs and hatch in all seasons to produce meat geese. Jiangsu Province is used to raising Taihu geese, laying more eggs (more than 60), and likes goslings listed around 2 ",with tender meat. Northeast China likes to raise gouge-eyed geese and breeding geese, laying more than 100 eggs every year. The advantage of raising Dong Zhe White Goose in Zhejiang is that it can lay eggs and hatch meat geese in all seasons, and its weight at 60 days can reach 3.5㎏. Although Xupu geese are raised in Hunan Province, with an annual egg production of about 30, the meat yield is 87.3%-88.6%, the weight of 60-day-old geese is over 3㎏, and the fatty liver can reach 600 grams. Sichuan Province likes to raise Sichuan White Goose, which has a balanced performance in laying eggs, producing meat and wool. It is the first choice for general scale farming, laying 60-80 eggs a year. Due to the poor climatic conditions in Xinjiang, they raise Ili geese extensively. Most of them fly away during the day and come back for food at night. It is the only goose species in China that evolved from grey goose. If the feeding environment conditions are changed, this goose has great potential for production performance. After a large number of breeding, it lays 65,438+00-20 eggs every year. What kind of geese to raise depends on the combination of production purpose and economic benefit with local natural conditions. If fatty liver and fatty liver sauce are mainly produced, Lionhead Goose, Xupu Goose, French Lande Goose or their hybrid varieties should be raised. If foie gras is specially produced and exported, Rand geese should be mainly raised. If you mainly produce goose meat, use hybrid geese.

Third, the location of goose house

1, sufficient water;

2, there is a feed production base, in order to grow green feed. High-quality forage can provide 60%~80% diet nutrition for geese.

3. Quiet environment, fresh air and shady trees;

4. Being far away from villages and towns is conducive to health and epidemic prevention;

5. Goose pens should be built in areas with high and dry terrain, flat or gentle slopes, facing south or southeast. The soil is mainly sandy with good water permeability, which makes the sunlight shine well, which is beneficial to drainage, heat protection, moisture prevention and cold protection. Simple sheds can be built and surrounded by bamboo fences or coarse nets, and sheds can also be built in ditches and rivers by using flowing water sources such as ditches and rivers. When the goose house is made of wood structure, special attention should be paid to ventilation and heat dissipation in summer. Two rows of floor-to-ceiling windows should be set on the front and rear walls, and the lower edge of the lower row of windows should be 30 cm from the ground.

Fourth, the construction of goose houses.

1, brooding house. The interior of the building is required to be insulated, ventilated, dry and windless, and the lighting area and building area of the window are 1: 10 ~ 15. It is suitable to raise 5 ~ 15 goslings under 20 days old per square meter in the brooding house.

2. Fattening house. There are scaffolding in the shed, divided into single row and double row, and divided into small columns, each column is about 10~ 12 square meters, which can accommodate 60 ~ 80 medium-sized geese.

Five, goose feed

1, feed classification:

Energy feed: cereals include corn, rice, barley, wheat and wheat bran, bran, corn bran, tubers, tubers and melons such as potatoes, pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes. Protein feed: Protein feed refers to feed containing 20% crude protein, which can be divided into plant protein feed and animal protein feed. Plant protein feed includes beans, bean cakes and oil cakes, and animal protein feed includes fish, shrimp, bone meal and feather meal. Mineral feed: including bone powder, shell powder, eggshell powder, limestone (fluorine-free), salt, etc. Vitamin feed: Green feed includes tender grass, aquatic plants, Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Viburnum bracteatum, cabbage and non-toxic wild vegetables. Algae and grasses are rich in vitamins and minerals, mainly including shrimp algae (Liuzao), Ceratophyllum, aquatic plants, barnyard grass, water hyacinth, water hyacinth and artificially cultivated grass, and leaf powder such as sweet potato leaves. Other feed: onion, ginger, garlic, pepper and other stimulating feed. Has the functions of promoting blood circulation, improving digestion, stimulating appetite, expelling worms and sterilizing. Additives include feed additives for various purposes, such as vitamin additives, mineral additives, amino acid additives and antibiotic additives.

2, feed processing modulation:

Except for feeding geese when grazing, the rest of the feed should be crushed, chopped, soaked and cooked according to the actual situation, and the crushing should not be too broken. Feed geese that are too broken are not very delicious, and they are not easy to swallow. Generally, they can be ground into small pieces. Chopped turquoise feed is not easy to accumulate for a long time to avoid deterioration, and geese are prone to illness or poisoning after eating. Hard grains, such as corn and wheat, can increase their volume and softness after soaking. Goose is easy to eat and digest, but it is not easy to ferment and deteriorate, which reduces its palatability. The palatability and digestibility can be improved after cooking, but some nutrients will be destroyed during cooking.

3. Diet coordination of geese:

Generally, 0-6 weeks old should be fed with complete granular compound feed, but green feed should be added, and the ratio of feed to compound feed should be at least 1: 1. Growing geese are grazed and properly supplemented with compound feed. At present, most rural geese are not fed with complete compound feed. After birth, they were fed with broken corn and egg yolk, and after 3 days of age, they were fed with all kinds of green leaves (finely cut) and broken corn. In the growing goose stage (after 25 days old), if there is no grazing condition, silage corn can be fed, and each goose can be fed with 6-8 Liang (wild vegetables can be collected and fed in small feeding groups) and 1 Liang corn flour every day. Start short-term fattening at the age of 65-70 days, and eat green feed casually. Each goose supplements about 3 Liang of full-price fattening feed every day. Reference formula: corn flour 55% (or rice plus 15%), wheat bran 19%, rice bran 10%, vegetable cake 1%, fish meal 3.7, bone meal1%. In some areas, fattening geese are fed rice (with shells). Therefore, geese try to use green feed without adding any additives that affect meat quality. The cost is low, and products such as meat are green food.

4. Several problems that should be paid attention to in forage planting:

(1) Overcome the misunderstanding of forage planting. Some people think that grass can be planted anywhere without any technology. Planting grass is for grazing, and sowing is planting grass. Forage can completely replace concentrated feed, and it lacks a comprehensive understanding of forage varieties, characteristics, quality, yield, nutritional components, palatability and many other factors. Planting grass is to plant artificially cultivated high-quality pasture. Only by raising awareness, learning and mastering the technology of planting grass and scientific methods of raising geese can we ensure the economic benefits of planting grass and raising geese.

2, according to local conditions, scientific seed selection. For high-quality forage suitable for raising geese, different varieties have different requirements for soil. When planting forage grass, we should choose suitable grass seeds according to soil structure and water and fertilizer conditions. In the selection of forage varieties, some people have high expectations for the yield of perennial forage. In order to save trouble, it is effective to plant perennial forage once a year, but the yield of perennial forage in that year is low, which can not solve the urgent need and the problem of summering in different regions. Therefore, the varieties with short growth cycle, strong regeneration ability, high quality and high yield and effective in the same year should be selected for the first time.

(3) Matching crop rotation and reasonable mixed sowing. The practice of planting grass and raising geese proves that selecting forage varieties with strong adaptability, rich nutrition and good quality according to local conditions and implementing supporting rotation can prolong the supply cycle of green feed. According to the nutritional characteristics of different forage varieties, reasonable mixed sowing of several varieties can not only play the role of diverse collocation and nutritional complementarity, but also greatly reduce the breeding cost and obtain better economic benefits. In practice, according to the local climate and soil ecological conditions, we should choose forage varieties with good adaptability for mixed sowing, and at the same time, we should consider the utilization years and compatibility of forage, especially the rationality of mixed sowing combination of leguminous forage and gramineous forage, in order to achieve high quality and high yield.

(4) Scientific planting and utilization. Forage has a set of scientific planting and cultivation techniques, which should be strictly implemented in the planting process. In terms of utilization, generally speaking, goslings under 15 days old should use leafy vegetables or young grass of about 30 cm, geese under 15 ~ 30 days old should use grass of about 50 cm, and geese after 1 month old can use grass of about 70 cm. Therefore, cutting grass and feeding grass should be decided according to the size of geese and the utilization ability of crude fiber.

5. Wasteland, forests and orchards should be selected to build artificial grassland, and plants such as alfalfa, white clover, red clover, Mexican corn, perennial ryegrass, chicory, Rumex, etc. which are barren, trampling-resistant, drought-resistant, tender, juicy, palatable and nutritious should be planted. In order to meet the needs of raising geese all the year round, the planting should adopt the annual forage rotation mode, such as sowing Mexican corn in early April of that year, sowing winter wheat 70 ryegrass and ryegrass after the end of mid-June of/kloc-0, and ending the growth in mid-May of the following year, and so on.

Six, goose feeding management

The daily management of geese should first pay attention to the regularity of daily management, establish goose conditioned reflex and reduce various stress reactions. Including feeding, cleaning pens, closing houses, releasing geese, bathing in water, washing dishes, sanitation and disinfection, lighting, picking eggs and so on. It should be regularized and institutionalized. Once the program is set, it cannot be changed at will, but it can be gradually adjusted with the change of season day and night. Pay attention to ensure the appropriate temperature and density of geese of all ages. At ordinary times, we insist on "keeping geese with geese", pay attention to the diet collocation of geese, observe the state of geese, group them strictly according to their size and strength, and artificially prepare feed to make up for the shortage of green feed. Find the abnormal situation, analyze the reasons in time and take countermeasures.

1, breeding of goslings. 30 days after hatching is the key stage to raise geese and achieve high yield. We should pay special attention to the following links:

(1) "Tidal mouth" and feeding: The first time a gosling drinks water, it is called "Tidal mouth", which can stimulate its appetite or expel meconium. Generally, it is "tidal mouth" first, and then feeding. When the goose's hair is dry and it can walk freely with its fingers and padding, it can start the "tidal mouth". (usually 24 hours after hatching) You can hold the water edge of the water dispenser and press the goose's head down. After several trainings, it will drink freely. When the outside temperature rises, you can put the gosling in the "tidal mouth" of the water dispenser for two to three minutes at a time. When goslings can walk and peck freely, they can start eating. When they start eating, they should be fed a finely chopped mixture of green and fine. Sprinkle it on clean plastic sheets and bamboo mats when feeding, and let the goslings peck freely. When you are full, you should catch it in time or rush into the goose house to rest. The goslings in a week should be fed at least 7 times during the day and 2 times at night, and the feeding times should be less. With the increase of age, the amount of gastric materials can gradually decrease. When feeding in large groups, the individuals with weak physique and slow development should be fed in groups in time, and more green materials and good grass should be given, carefully cared for, and then fed in groups after catching up with growth.

⑵ Feed and feeding: goslings are mainly fed with concentrated feed and green feed, and the ratio of concentrated feed to green feed is 1: (2 ~ 3), and clean and sufficient drinking water should be ensured. Drinking water many times can promote the growth of goslings. Goslings under the age of 10 were fed 9~ 10 times a day, supplemented 2~3 times at night, and then fed 4~6 times a day.

(3) Grazing and swimming: 7 ~ 15 days after the goslings are hatched, grazing can be carried out intermittently in sunny days, and the goslings are allowed to swim 1~2 times, each time 15~30 minutes. In the future, the time will be gradually extended to promote the development of goose flippers, which is beneficial to the growth and development of goslings.

⑷. Prevention of hair pecking and deworming: Due to improper drinking water feeding, 3~ 15-day-old goslings will peck hair, which is not conducive to their growth and development. Preventive measures are: to avoid the wet body hair of goslings; Feed the feed on time, and at the same time feed more green and tender feed and mineral feed. After seven days of age, goslings can use kerosene or peanut oil to drip their ears every 3~4 days, which can repel insects and kill insects, especially in summer.

5. Night lighting: When feeding goslings, indoor lighting should be lit all night to prevent rodent damage, which is beneficial for goslings to feed at night. The lighting requirement is to use 40W lamp for every 40m2 goose house, which is about 1.5m from the ground. After 30 days, you can gradually reduce the lighting time until you stop lighting. Keep the geese quiet at night.

[6] Group insulation: In order to improve the survival rate, it is advisable to raise 20~30 animals in each group, and 50~ 100 animals in each large group. The newly hatched goslings are afraid of cold and heat, so it is better to keep warm within 1~2 weeks. The temperature should be kept at 30~32 degrees Celsius within 7 days after hatching, and then the temperature should be reduced by 0.5 ~ 65438 0 degrees Celsius every day until normal temperature. That is, the indoor temperature is kept at 15~25 degrees Celsius.

2. Feeding and management of China geese.

China goose, also known as gosling or young goose, refers to the goose that has been bred or fattened for more than 4 weeks. China geese mainly graze, supplemented by supplementary feeding. It is necessary to choose a good pasture, graze during the day and graze all day, and supplement forage according to forage quality, feed intake and weight gain speed. Generally, wheat bran and grain are the main forage, and 1% ~ 1.5% bone meal and 0.3% ~ 0.4% salt should be supplemented in the diet to promote the normal growth of bones and prevent rickets and dysplasia. The feeding of green feed depends on the grazing situation, and the feeding times are flexibly controlled according to the age, weight gain speed, forage quality and feed intake of geese. Feed it 5-6 times a day for 30-50 days and 4-5 times a day for 5 1-80 days. Feed 30~50% green feed in the goose's ration, and pay attention to providing enough clean drinking water and mineral and vitamin additives. In sunny weather, you can graze for a whole day, replenish food in the pasture before noon, and replenish food when you get back to your house at night. When grazing, remember not to expose geese to sunlight and rain. In hot weather, grazing is easy to go out early and return late. At noon, let the geese rest in the shade. Before grazing, let the geese rest in the house and replenish supplies outside. On hot summer nights, you can sleep outside.

Seven, fattening method

1, grazing fattening method Grazing fattening method is the most economical fattening method, which is widely used in rural areas. Rice plants remaining in stubble fields after harvesting are mainly used for fattening. Grazing and fattening must fully grasp the harvest season of local crops, brood in advance, and make a good grazing and fattening plan. After grazing in the stubble field, a lot of concentrate must be used to maintain the fatness, otherwise the goose will lose weight.

2. House feeding fattening method. The fattening method of house feeding is more suitable for short-term fattening of professional households. It is carried out in a fattening house with dim light, limiting the activities of geese, feeding cereal or root feed rich in carbohydrates 3-4 times a day, so that fat can be quickly deposited in the body, and at the same time, providing enough drinking water to stimulate appetite and help digestion, and killing can be carried out in about half a month.

3. Feeding and fattening method. The method of watering geese is similar to that of watering ducks. This method can shorten the fattening cycle, and the fattening effect is good, but it is more troublesome. Wet the flour (preferably corn flour) into strips of food balls, and then steam them slightly to make them have a certain hardness. Food balls are forcibly stuffed into the esophagus of geese, 3 ~ 4 times a day, and then they are rested and fed for about 10 day. The body fat is increased, and the meat is tender and delicious.

Eight, disease prevention

From a large number of practices, it is found that the main causes of death of geese are gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus disease, gosling cold, gosling dehydration, gosling water poisoning, gosling harmful gas poisoning, feed poisoning, extrusion caused by low temperature environment, parasitic disease, thermal radiation disease, solar radiation disease and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to completely correct the misconception that geese have strong resistance to merger and extensive feeding management will not get sick. Attention should also be paid to sanitation and epidemic prevention in goose production, first of all, infectious diseases should be eliminated, and then the occurrence of common diseases and parasitic diseases should be controlled and reduced, so as to reduce morbidity and mortality. Disease prevention and control should take comprehensive prevention and control measures from all aspects of production.

1. Strengthen feeding management. Feed nutrition should be reasonable, green feed should be satisfied, goose body resistance should be enhanced, and management should be meticulous, such as brooding 1-3 days old should be attended by special personnel.

2, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, strict health and epidemic prevention system. There is a disinfection pool and a disinfection box in front of the door. People coming and going should be disinfected (1% caustic soda, quicklime, etc. ). Drinking and eating utensils should be cleaned regularly every day and disinfected at least/kloc-0 times a week. Disinfect the fence at least once a month 1 time and clean it regularly every day. There are many disinfection drugs, such as Baidusha, peracetic acid, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and so on. Geese of unknown origin are not allowed to be brought into this farm. Once the geese sold in this farm leave, they are not allowed to return to this farm. Usually, breeders should carefully observe geese to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation treatment. Feces, bedding and dirt are fermented in remote places. The body should be buried.

3. Do a good job of vaccination. The infectious disease "Gosling Plague", which is a great threat to geese, was injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously 1 month (diluted to 1: 100) before breeding geese, and each goose developed immunity after 1 ml and 15 days. Goose breeders who are not vaccinated should be immunized within 18 hours after birth, or goslings should be vaccinated with gosling plague vaccine for 5 days at 0. 1 ml. To prevent influenza, oxytetracycline can be ground into powder and mixed with feed at a ratio of two ten thousandths. It can be treated by intramuscular injection of penicillin at a dose of 20,000 units per kilogram of body weight. In addition, taking mashed garlic with sugar water can also prevent and treat it. There are two ways to prevent "shaking head plague" (pasteurellosis): drinking water immunization and injection immunization. Drinking water immunization: 10 10 live poultry cholera vaccine is specially designed for oral immunization of waterfowl. Drugs for avian cholera cannot be used for 3 days before and after immunization. The immunized geese must stop wetting for 4 ~ 6 hours before taking the seedlings. 1 Immunity can be generated in 4-5 days after vaccination, 1 It can last for 8 months after vaccination, usually 3 days after the second vaccination. Injection immunization: each bottle of attenuated CV freeze-dried vaccine for avian cholera was dissolved and diluted with 100 mg aluminum hydroxide diluent. Each adult goose was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml, and the second immunization was carried out at intervals of 2 weeks. Attenuated vaccines can only be injected in non-epidemic areas. Antibodies are generally produced after 7 days of injection, and the immune period is about 3 months. If the vaccine is inactivated, each adult goose is injected with 2 ml of pectoral muscle, and immunized 3 ~ 5 days after injection, and the immunization period is 3 months. Generally speaking, after vaccination, geese have a reaction and have a certain impact. The treatment method is: firstly, intramuscular injection of high-dose antibiotics 1 ~ 2 times, and at the same time, sulfonamides are added to the feed for 3 ~ 5 days. When necessary, the first dose of sulfonamides can be doubled. Therapeutic drugs must last for a course of treatment, that is, they cannot be stopped immediately after the onset of illness and death.

4. Drug prevention and treatment. Goslings are 1 ~ 3 days old or are prone to intestinal diseases in rainy season. Drugs such as furazolidone, oxytetracycline and so on can be added to the feed to prevent intestinal diseases. Usually ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin can be used irregularly to prevent or treat intestinal diseases (diluted according to the instructions). After the outbreak of gosling plague, the gosling was urgently controlled with anti-gosling plague serum. The protective rate of 0.5 ml anti-gosling plague serum injected subcutaneously into each gosling was 98%, and the cure rate was 70% ~ 85% when each infected gosling was injected 1 ml, and each gosling aged over 15 days was injected with 2 ml, and repeated injection 1 time every other day. Goose fatty liver needs to be rid of worms and tapeworms before fattening or feeding. The drug: praziquantel, 5 ~ 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, given once. Dichlorothiophenol, 150 ~ 200mg/kg body weight, given once. The dosage of albendazole is 25 mg/kg body weight.

Nine, timely raising geese and selling geese

At present, geese are raised mainly in the traditional way, adapting to the natural climate and relying on the weather to eat. Generally speaking, the live goose market can be divided into three stages: the low price period from July to September, the medium price period of 10- 12, and the high price period of1-April. There are great differences between different prices and benefits. Therefore, goose breeding now should be anti-season, that is, geese are raised at the end of September every year, and 3 ~ 4 batches of broilers are continuously raised at the end of April the following year. This is the high price period for live geese with high efficiency. The traditional goose raising started in late February or early March and remained until the end of June, so it was necessary to keep up with the market. Meat geese should also be sold in time. For example, 1 medium-sized goose, 70-80 days old, weighs about 4 kg. When their feathers grow up, they should be released in time. If the feeding period is prolonged, they will consume a lot of materials but gain little weight, resulting in low profit or loss.

Family goose raising technology

Goose is a treasure with high comprehensive utilization value, simple breeding and high input-output ratio. In recent years, raising geese has lower risks and better economic benefits than raising chickens and ducks, which has become a good way for farmers to get rich. Expert tip: However, the investment in raising geese should be tailored to local conditions, according to one's ability, and willing to make efforts to learn technology, with more money and less money.

In general, the following conditions should be met when selecting abandoned sites:

(1) There is enough water;

(two), the establishment of feed production base, mainly to grow green feed;

(3) The environment is quiet, the air is fresh and the trees provide shade;

(4) Being far away from villages and towns is beneficial to health and epidemic prevention;

(5) The site of Goose House should be slightly higher and slightly inclined to the south or southeast. This kind of sunlight is beneficial to drainage, as well as heat, moisture and cold protection.

1. The brooding house requires good thermal insulation, good air circulation, dryness and windlessness, and the lighting area and building area of windows are 1: (10- 15). It is suitable to raise 5~ 15 goslings under 20 days old per square meter in the brooding house.

2. The fattening shed is equipped with scaffolding, which is divided into single row and double row, and divided into small columns, each of which is about 10~ 12 square meters, and can accommodate 60~80 medium-sized geese.

3. Goose breeding house, the lighting area ratio of the inner window of the house is 1: (8 ~ 12), which can accommodate 2.5~4 geese per square meter. There is a spawning room in the corner of the house, and there are land and water sports fields outside the house. Expert tip: It is best to have a water sports field around the goose house. This condition can be used as the main condition to determine the site.

Breed raised:

There are many varieties available for breeding, mainly white geese and gray geese, most of which can be bred in our county (to be introduced to you later).

Goose feed:

Goose is a herbivorous waterfowl with a wide range of feed sources, which are usually divided into five categories according to nutritional components:

First, energy supply.

(1), cereals

Include corn, rice, barley, wheat and wheat bran.

(2), bran

Include rice bran, bran, corn bran, etc.

(3), tubers, tubers and melons

Such as potatoes, pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes.

Second, protein feed.

Protein feed refers to feed containing 20% crude protein, which is divided into plant protein feed and animal protein feed. Plant protein feed includes beans, bean cakes and oil cakes, and animal protein feed includes fish, shrimp, bone meal and feather meal.

Third, mineral feed.

Including bone powder, shell powder, eggshell powder, limestone (fluorine-free), salt and so on.

Fourth, vitamin feed.

(1) Green feed: it includes tender grass, aquatic plants, Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, Ixeris pedunculata, Chinese cabbage and nontoxic wild vegetables.

(2) Algae and grasses: rich in vitamins and minerals, mainly including shrimp algae (Liuzao), Ceratophyllum, aquatic plants, barnyard grass, water hyacinth, water hyacinth and artificially cultivated grasses.

(3) Leaf powder: such as sweet potato leaves and pine needle leaves. 、

Five, other feed

(1), stimulus feed:

Onion, ginger, garlic, pepper, etc. Has the functions of promoting blood circulation, improving digestion, stimulating appetite, expelling worms and sterilizing.

(2) Additives:

Comprises a plurality of feed additives with different purposes. Such as vitamin additives, mineral additives, amino acid additives and antibiotic additives.

Processing and preparation of feed:

Except for feeding geese when grazing, the rest of the feed should be crushed, chopped, soaked and cooked according to the actual situation, and the crushing should not be too broken. Too broken feed geese are not very delicious, and they are not easy to swallow. Generally, they can be ground into small pieces. Chopped turquoise feed is not easy to accumulate for a long time to avoid deterioration, and geese are prone to illness or poisoning after eating. Hard grains, such as corn and wheat, can increase their volume and softness after soaking. Goose is easy to eat and digest, but it is not easy to ferment and deteriorate, which reduces its palatability. The palatability and digestibility can be improved after cooking, but some nutrients will be destroyed during cooking.

Dietary coordination of geese;

Choose at least three kinds of compound feed, and choose the feed with convenient source, low price, good quality and good palatability, which is relatively stable and does not deteriorate.

Proportion of compound feed

Examples of feed types proportional to feed types

45-70 parts of grain and 35-65 parts of corn.

20-30 parts of rice

30-50 parts of broken rice

Bran bran 10~25 bran 5~ 10

Wheat bran 5~ 15

Plant protein feed 10~25 bean cakes, etc. 10~25

Animal protein feed 3-7 fish meal and bone meal 3-7.

5-7 parts of mineral feed and 3-5 parts of shell eggshell powder.

Bone meal calcium phosphate 1~ 1.5

0.3-0.5 of salt

Vitamin feed 30-50 parts of various grasses.

Vitamin additive 1

Expert tip: If you are raising geese in a shed, don't blindly apply the technology of raising ducks in a shed based on compound feed. It is very important for geese to provide fresh forage.

Feeding and management of geese;

First, the cultivation of goslings, only 30 days after hatching, is the key stage to raise geese and achieve high yield. We should pay special attention to the following links:

(1), group insulation: In order to improve the survival rate, it is advisable to feed in groups, with 20~30 in each group and 50~ 100 in the large group. The newly hatched goslings are afraid of cold and heat, so it is better to keep warm within 1 ~ 2 weeks. The temperature should be kept at 30~32 degrees Celsius within 7 days after hatching, and then the temperature should be reduced by 0.5 ~ 65438 0 degrees Celsius every day until normal temperature. That is, the indoor temperature is kept at 15~25 degrees Celsius. (4) Grazing and swimming: 7 ~ 15 days after the goslings are hatched, grazing can be carried out intermittently in sunny days, and the goslings are allowed to swim 1~2 times, each time 15~30 minutes. In the future, the time will be gradually extended to promote the development of goose flippers, which is beneficial to the growth and development of goslings.

(5) Prevention of hair pecking and insect repellent: Due to improper water feeding, goslings will peck hair, which is not conducive to their growth and development. Preventive measures are: to avoid the wet body hair of goslings; Feed the feed on time, and at the same time feed more green and tender feed and mineral feed. After seven days of age, goslings can use kerosene or peanut oil to drip their ears every 3~4 days, which can repel insects and kill insects, especially in summer.

(6) Night lighting: When feeding goslings, indoor lighting should be lit all night to prevent rodent damage, which is beneficial for goslings to feed at night. The lighting requirement is to use 40W lamp for every 40m2 goose house, which is about 1.5m from the ground. After 30 days, you can gradually reduce the lighting time until you stop lighting. Keep the geese quiet at night.

Feeding management of China geese

The middle goose, also known as gosling or young goose, refers to the geese from above 4 weeks old to breeding geese or before fattening. Chinese geese are raised mainly by grazing, supplemented by auxiliary materials. To choose a good pasture, grazing during the day and all day depends on forage quality, feed intake and weight gain speed. Generally, bran and grain are the main crops, and it is also necessary to supplement 1% to 1.5% bone meal and 0.3% salt in the diet to promote normal bone growth and prevent soft foot disease and dysplasia. The feeding of green feed depends on the grazing situation, and the feeding times are flexibly controlled according to the age, weight gain speed, forage quality and feed intake of geese. Feed it 5-6 times a day for 30-50 days and 4-5 times a day for 5 1-80 days. Feed 30~50% green feed in the goose's ration, and pay attention to providing enough clean drinking water and mineral and vitamin additives. In sunny weather, you can graze for a whole day, replenish food in the pasture before noon, and replenish food when you get back to your house at night. When grazing, remember not to expose geese to sunlight and rain. In hot weather, grazing is easy to go out early and return late. At noon, let the geese rest in the shade. Before grazing, let the geese rest in the house and replenish supplies outside. On hot summer nights, you can sleep outside.

Expert tip: In a moderate scale, the less you raise, the more you sell and the more you raise, the more you will attract the attention of middlemen and form a market. At present, the consumption space of geese is very large, which is a good way to help farmers run towards a well-off life.

(2) "Tidal mouth" and feeding: The first time a gosling drinks water, it is called "Tidal mouth", which can stimulate its appetite or expel meconium. Generally, it is "tidal mouth" first, and then feeding. When the goose's hair is dry and it can walk freely with its fingers and padding, it can start the "tidal mouth". (usually 24 hours after hatching) You can hold the water edge of the water dispenser and press the goose's head down. After several trainings, it will drink freely. When the outside temperature rises, you can put the gosling in the "tidal mouth" of the water dispenser for two to three minutes at a time. When goslings can walk and peck freely, they can start eating. When they start eating, they should be fed a finely chopped mixture of green and fine. Sprinkle it on clean plastic sheets and bamboo mats when feeding, and let the goslings peck freely. When you are full, you should catch it in time or rush into the goose house to rest. The goslings in a week should be fed at least 7 times during the day and 2 times at night. With the increase of age, the amount of gastric materials can gradually decrease. When feeding in large groups, the individuals with weak physique and slow development should be fed in groups in time, and more green materials and good grass should be given, carefully cared for, and then fed in groups after catching up with growth.

(3) Feed and feeding: goslings are mainly fed with concentrated feed and green feed, and the ratio of concentrated feed to green feed is 1: (2 ~ 3), and clean and sufficient drinking water should be ensured. Drinking water many times can promote the growth of goslings. Goslings under the age of 10 were fed 9~ 10 times a day, supplemented 2~3 times at night, and then fed 4~6 times a day.

(4) Grazing and swimming: 7 ~ 15 days after the goslings are hatched, grazing can be carried out intermittently in sunny days, and the goslings are allowed to swim 1~2 times, each time 15~30 minutes. In the future, the time will be gradually extended to promote the development of goose flippers, which is beneficial to the growth and development of goslings.

(5) Prevention of hair pecking and insect prevention: Because of improper drinking water or not feeding on time, goslings' hair is wet, and goslings of 3~ 15 days old will peck their hair, which is not conducive to their growth and development. Preventive measures are: to avoid the wet body hair of goslings; Feed the feed on time, and at the same time feed more green and tender feed and mineral feed. After goslings are seven days old, dropping kerosene or peanut oil every 3-4 days can repel insects.