At the same time, the production scale of processing enterprises is small, mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, and there are few large brand-name enterprises with international competitiveness. Small and medium-sized enterprises have high management costs and compete with large enterprises for raw materials, which also causes the equipment utilization rate of large enterprises to decrease, resulting in a vicious circle of high production costs and unstable product quality. In addition, the unreasonable distribution of enterprises, too concentrated or too scattered, will increase the cost of products and make it difficult to use resources effectively. After the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of agriculture and the gradual improvement of the income level of urban and rural residents, the development of agricultural products processing industry has obviously accelerated. Especially since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, agriculture and rural areas have entered a new stage of development, and the processing industry of agricultural products has developed rapidly. Agricultural products processing industry has played an active role in supporting agricultural development and competition, ensuring farmers' income, adjusting and optimizing rural economic structure, improving agricultural quality and efficiency, and increasing employment. Agricultural products processing industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy.
At the same time, the phenomenon of relative surplus of major agricultural products has become increasingly prominent, which has seriously affected farmers' income increase and rural market prosperity, and has become the primary problem of agricultural development at this stage, and it is also the "bottleneck" to realize China's transformation from an agricultural power to an agricultural power. After the main agricultural products are changed from seller's market to buyer's market, people's direct consumption of basic agricultural products tends to decline, and higher requirements are put forward for the quality and variety of agricultural products. The contradiction between the low processing capacity of agricultural products in China and the increasingly rich consumer demand of the people is becoming increasingly prominent. China's per capita grain is 400kg, which is only 1/3 of that of the United States. However, there has been a serious situation of poor sales and a sharp drop in farmers' income. The key problem is the limitation of processing capacity. The government and relevant departments should put the technological innovation and scientific and technological progress of agricultural products processing industry in an important position. While protecting and optimizing traditional crafts with national characteristics and flavors, we should strengthen technical research and innovation. Vigorously introduce, develop and apply high-tech, equipment and technology, speed up the technological transformation of enterprises, constantly cultivate and improve the independent development ability of enterprises, focus on developing intensive processing, improve the quality and grade of products, and promote the transformation of agricultural product processing industry from extensive to intensive.
It is necessary to take safe and healthy food processing as the development focus of agricultural product processing industry, accelerate the pace of technological transformation and innovation, strive to expand the scale of processing enterprises, and cultivate a number of leading enterprises with higher efficiency, stronger competitiveness and greater driving ability; Improve the fine processing of vegetables, fruits and aquatic products, the deep processing capacity of miscellaneous grains and the speed of grain transformation; Rationally adjust the layout of agricultural products processing industry. Continuously improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of the entire agricultural product processing industry; Promote the flow of capital, technology and talents to industries or fields with great value-added potential, high efficiency and broad prospects for agricultural products processing. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, in order to meet the requirements of the new stage of agricultural development, promote the rapid development of agricultural product processing industry, improve agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income, the state attaches great importance to the scientific and technological development of agricultural product processing industry in China, and further increases the research and development efforts and scientific and technological investment in agricultural product processing industry. Give key support to agricultural products processing projects in scientific and technological plans such as agricultural science and technology research, spark plan, agricultural scientific and technological achievements transformation fund and basic scientific and technological work special projects. Especially in the 12 national major project, three R&D projects related to the development of agricultural products processing technology were arranged, namely, the research and development of agricultural products deep processing technology and equipment, the research on key technologies of food safety and the demonstration of major key technologies of dairy industry. The investment of special funds for science and technology reached 500 million yuan, which laid a technical and talent foundation for the country to implement major industrial technology development projects for agricultural products.
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period should be a stage of rapid development of China's agricultural product processing industry. Under the control of national policies. Take safe and healthy food as the main line and take the market as the guidance. To stabilize agriculture and increase farmers' income as the goal. Focusing on the development of the four leading industries of animal husbandry, vegetables, fruits and miscellaneous grains, we should adjust measures to local conditions and rely on advanced technologies at home and abroad to accelerate the improvement of the overall technical level of China's agricultural product processing industry. In particular, we should vigorously improve the deep processing capacity of agricultural products. Accelerate the improvement of the quality and variety of agricultural products, improve the convenience and safety of food, actively guide enterprises to develop new products with market potential and guide consumption. Compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in the level of agricultural products processing industry in China, especially in deep processing capacity and safe production. 1. 1 High-tech is widely used in all aspects of agricultural products processing.
With the development of food chemistry, biotechnology and other related disciplines, the processing technology of agricultural products has developed rapidly. Instantaneous high-temperature sterilization technology, microcapsule technology, microbial fermentation technology, membrane separation technology, microwave technology, vacuum freeze-drying technology, aseptic storage and packaging technology, ultra-high pressure technology, ultra-fine grinding technology, supercritical fluid extraction technology, expansion and extrusion technology, genetic engineering technology and many other high-tech technologies. , has been widely used in the field of agricultural products processing, and will be rapidly promoted and deepened.
1.2 has more and more intensive processing power and more comprehensive resource utilization.
The comprehensive utilization of agricultural raw materials can not only improve economic benefits, but also effectively solve environmental pollution, which has become an important development direction of agricultural products processing. There have been many successful examples, such as the full utilization of roots, stems, flowers, leaves and fruits of plants, and the utilization of livestock and poultry by-products and aquatic products. The processing of agricultural products is marching to the molecular level. At the molecular level, the functional components of raw materials are studied and used to extract and develop nutritional and health foods needed by the human body, also known as molecular foods, in order to improve the deep processing ability of agricultural products.
1.3 the processed new products will develop in the direction of safety, green and leisure.
From a global perspective, safe, green and leisure agricultural products have become the mainstream and direction of people's consumption. According to statistics, the average annual consumption of leisure products in the United States is 8. 6 kg, 6. 5 kg in Holland and 5. 7 kg in Britain. Developed countries are optimistic about the production of safe, green and leisure foods, and they have shifted from pursuing the diversity of processed agricultural products to pursuing safety and health. For example, in the processing of fruits and vegetables, we strive to keep them fresh, nutritious, convenient and delicious. In addition to traditional quick-frozen, canned and dehydrated products, the development trend in recent years is to cut fruits and vegetables with the least processing.
1.4 processing equipment is developing towards new type, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.
High-tech processing technology will drive high-tech processing equipment such as multifunctional canned beverage production equipment, aseptic packaging technology equipment, complete sets of laser grading cleaning and packaging equipment for fruits and vegetables, membrane separation technology equipment, ultra-fine crushing equipment and quick-freezing equipment.
1.5 specialization of processing raw materials.
The processing rate of agricultural products in developed countries is above 70%, and most of their agricultural products are special varieties for processing. According to the technical requirements of processing, the aquaculture production process not only ensures the product quality, but also reduces the processing cost.
1.6 Pay attention to the quality management of processing.
Establish international market standards, implement quality management for agricultural products processing in view of food safety problems, implement HACCP norms and ISO (International Organization for Standards) 9000 family norms in processing and production, establish international market standards, and ensure product quality in many ways. As the main market-oriented follow-up processing industry of agricultural products, food industry occupies a large proportion in the agricultural product processing industry and is an important pillar industry of the national economy. The food processing industry in developed countries has become an important manufacturing sector, export sector and an important growth point of national economy. Due to the early start of industrialization and urbanization and the rapid progress of science and technology in these countries, the development of their food industry started early and has a high level, which is highlighted by the following characteristics.
2. 1 has the advantage of innovative technology in the fierce market competition.
The highly developed food processing machinery departments in developed countries constantly adopt new principles, new technologies, new processes and new materials, and indirectly realize the application of advanced technologies in the field of food processing. The variety of food processing machinery products is complete with high mechanization and automation, which not only greatly improves the production efficiency of processing enterprises, but also ensures the stability, unity and reliability of product quality and the standardization and serialization of products. Their food processing machinery generally has the advantages of low power, fuel and water consumption.
2.2 Pay attention to R&D and innovation activities in food processing.
First, large food processing enterprises pay more attention to R&D investment, which generally accounts for 2% ~ 3% of sales. At the same time, the government encourages investment in food research and development. In the process of food processing, computer automatic control, detection and adjustment are basically realized. The innovation of food processing technology is embodied in packaging technology, new products, efficient processing control system, automatic grading system and description of new products. The second is product variety innovation. According to the changes of people's consumption patterns in modern society, a large number of convenient, healthy and diversified products have emerged, and the product innovation speed is fast. For example, the food processing industries in the United States, Canada and other countries, on the one hand, introduce food processing with different ethnic flavors, on the other hand, actively promote convenient foods, such as "fresh-keeping meals", "whole meal preparation" and "instant meals", as well as healthy foods, including low-fat, low-salt, low-sugar foods and diet special meals. The third is food packaging innovation. Food packaging has changed the simple function of protection and preservation in the past, and has become the main means of marketing strategy, playing an important role in promotion and communication with customers. Food packaging not only pays more attention to beauty, highlights brand and personality, meets the requirements of environmental protection, but also is designed for different needs of consumers. The fourth is the innovation of procurement and sales channels. In developed countries, many food processing enterprises use Internet technology to improve procurement efficiency. For example, a "TRANSORA" online market in the United States, which is composed of more than 50 famous food companies, is an online trading market between enterprises, and its joint purchasing capacity is 400 billion US dollars. In addition to purchasing raw materials, this network can also be used to monitor inventory and manage factories. Through this online purchase, food enterprises can save money to a great extent. The perfect internet in developed countries has penetrated into every family, and the number of online transactions in food sales is increasing.
2.3 Actively respond to changes in the global market and seek more development opportunities.
First, food processing enterprises themselves are constantly adjusting their structure according to the changes in the global market, merging, merging and merging. At the end of last century, the global reorganization of multinational food processing companies was very active, lasting for more than 10 years. On the other hand, small and medium-sized food processing enterprises reposition themselves and seek markets suitable for their own development. Second, food processing enterprises adjust their internal production according to the needs of the world food retail market. In particular, some companies implement the "total quality management" model to improve the working environment, improve productivity and product quality. From raw material preparation, transportation, factory processing to product marketing, management and quality are always closely combined. Third, food processing enterprises, especially multinational companies, set up new business concepts. The globalization of food market is not only manifested in the liberalization of world trade interests, but also includes the rapid development of information and communication technology and the progress of biotechnology. Make full use of the development opportunities of the global resource network and carry out industrial restructuring according to global standards, with the focus on brand creation and cultivation. Driven by the wave of global knowledge economy and the increasingly fierce competition in the international market, multinational food processing companies in developed countries also show an international development trend in research and development. Through direct investment and indirect holding, R&D centers are established overseas, and the proportion of R&D expenditures of foreign R&D centers in total R&D expenditures is also increasing year by year.