1. Grasp the characteristics of the described object.
When writing explanatory articles, we must have a deeper understanding of the explanatory objects, that is, grasp the characteristics of the explanatory objects. What are the characteristics of things? Characteristics are the signs and symbols that distinguish one thing from other things, that is, the unique personality of the thing. Often manifested in two aspects: first, explicit features, such as color, texture, spatial position, shape, temperature and so on. ; Second, hidden characteristics, such as causes, principles, changing process, internal structure, habits, performance, style and so on.
How to grasp the characteristics of things? We must start from the following aspects.
First of all, we must observe carefully. Through careful, repeated and profound observation, we can see, hear, taste, smell and touch the things to be explained with the sensory organs such as eyes, ears, mouth, nose, body and skin, and we can also do experiments when necessary to accurately and comprehensively grasp the characteristics of things. Second, we should think deeply. By comparing the object of explanation with similar things in many aspects, screening relevant information, deeply analyzing their similarities and differences, and grasping the "differences", we can grasp the characteristics of things and grasp the key points of explanation. Third, we should pay attention to accumulation, broaden our life horizons and reading scope, constantly enrich our knowledge, accumulate writing materials, pay attention to the acquisition of indirect experience, and improve our rational understanding.
2. Reasonably arrange the instruction sequence.
There are three interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. When writing expository articles, it is often based on a sequence. Of course, in specific applications, sometimes the phenomenon of overlapping interpretation sequence combinations occurs. For example, Marching into the Desert introduces the comprehensive management of desert in a logical order, and explains how to resist sandstorm attacks and sand dune attacks with spatial order (high → low).
Reasonable arrangement of the explanation order, first, we should consider the structural characteristics of the things explained and the internal logical relationship of things; Second, we should consider the general order in which people know things; Third, we should consider the relationship between the explanation center and the materials.
(1) If the process of development and change of things is explained in the order of "time", it can be traced back from ancient times to the present or from the present to the present. For example, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to zoom books.
(2) If it is to explain the orientation and morphological characteristics of things, the order of "space" is adopted. It can be from near to far, from far to near, from left to right, from south to north, from low to high and so on. Monument to the People's Heroes
(3) In order to clarify some operation procedures, we should take "procedures" as the order, that is, explain them one by one according to the order of operation behavior, so as to facilitate readers to operate step by step and accurately. For example, some instructions for household appliances.
(4) If the purpose of explanation is to explain things, it is necessary to adopt a "logical" order: generally, the order is arranged according to causality and primary and secondary relations. Such as "Japanese Flat Crab"
3. Appropriate interpretation methods should be adopted.
Proper explanation can make things clearer and easier for readers to understand. Proper use of expository writing is an important symbol to measure the level of expository writing. For example, it is said that "the wind speed often reaches 55.6 kilometers per second, so people call Antarctica the hometown of snowstorms or the wind pole". 1960, Fukushima, a player who spent the winter at the Showa base in Antarctica, walked out of the base building only a few steps before being swept away by the howling wind. It was not until seven years later that people found his body far away. The former accurately illustrates the characteristics of Antarctic strong winds by enumerating figures and analogies, while the latter emphasizes the magic of Antarctic winds by examples. Enhance the persuasiveness of the article.
Common explanation methods include: example, classification, analogy, enumerating data, comparison, definition, explanation, imitation, drawing charts and so on. You should choose flexibly according to your written requirements.
4. The language should be accurate, concise and popular.
The accuracy of explaining language is the premise of explaining things. Express time, space, quantity, scope, degree, nature, procedure, etc. All require accuracy.
The language of the explanatory text should be accurate, not necessarily using exact figures, but also using approximate figures. For example, "about", "about", "possibility" and "estimation" can also reflect the accuracy of the interpretation language.
On the premise of accuracy, the language style of expository writing can be both plain and vivid. For example, the use of metaphor, personification, dialogue, self-report, storytelling and other explanation methods can enhance the vividness of the explanation language.
If we break through the clouds, we will see the sun. As long as we master the essentials of expository writing, we will certainly be able to write excellent expository writing.
Second, how to make your expository writing shine?
As long as the explanation text is mentioned, the teacher must emphasize the so-called "explanation elements" such as the object of explanation, the characteristics of explanation, the explanation procedure, the explanation method and the explanation language, and the students will immediately present those boring and lifeless explanations on the brain screen. Explanatory Text is regarded as the bible of expository text by many students, so that the expository text in his works is all routine and nothing new. Similarity and rigidity have become "stubborn diseases" in expository writing. In fact, expository writing can also make new achievements, as long as you-
First, make the object of explanation more novel and avant-garde.
Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in Yang Liuzhi Ci that "Please don't play the songs of the former dynasty, but listen to the new Yang Liuzhi". Poetry, prose and other creations are like this, and so is expository writing. Only by writing more new things and spreading more information of the new era can the article present a new atmosphere. This new thing can be a new phenomenon in the process of reform and opening up, such as market economy, stock market, laid-off and reemployment, and burden reduction. It can be a new concept in economic construction, such as relocation, transformation, information expressway, work and so on. It can reflect the new achievements of modern science and technology, such as computer, network, cloning technology, gene, nanotechnology and so on. It can be new things that reflect people's life changes, such as credit cards, shopping vouchers, welfare lottery tickets, red tea houses, fast food, slimming, tutoring and so on. In a word, the times are advancing, and a series of new phenomena, new things and new changes in the new era should be the writing objects we pay attention to. Please have a look-
[Example 1]