Da Vinci is not a surname, but it means that he was born in Wenxi city. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci's full name is Leonardo, the son of Messer Piero in Wenxi.

brief introduction

Da Vinci (1452- 15 19) was the most famous artist, sculptor, architect, engineer, mechanic, master of science, literary theorist, great philosopher, poet, musician and inventor in Italian Renaissance. He was born in Finch, a suburb of Florence, and died in France. His father is a lawyer and notary, and his mother is a peasant woman. He came to Florence in 15, studied in the workshop in verrocchio, and joined the painters' association in 1472. His personal style matured in the mid-1970s. He has been working in Milan from 1482 to 1499, mainly serving the Duke of Milan and carrying out a wide range of artistic and scientific activities. The Virgin of the Rock is his most famous masterpiece in this period. He is a genius. On the one hand, he is keen on artistic creation and theoretical research, studying how to express various problems of the body with lines and three-dimensional modeling; On the other hand, he also studies natural science.

Genius Junior

Leonardo da vinci was born in the village of Ann Kiano near the Italian town of Finch, which is close to Florence. My father is a well-known local notary with a well-off family. Leonardo da vinci is an illegitimate child and spent his childhood in his grandfather's grange. Da Vinci was smart, diligent and had a wide range of interests when he was a child. He sings very well and learned to play the pipa very early. His impromptu singing, whether it is lyrics or tunes, is amazing. He loves painting very much and often paints for his neighbors. He has the reputation of "painting prodigy".

At that time, pierrot was entrusted by a farmer to draw a shield painting. He heard that his son could paint and wanted to try his son's painting skills, so he gave the task to Little Finch. With rich imagination, Little Finch spent a month drawing a terrible monster. This monster has fireball-like eyes, an open maw, and flames and poison gas spew out of his nostrils. It looks terrible. After the work was finished, Little Finch invited his father to his room. He covered half the window and erected an easel where the light just fell on the monster. When pierrot walked into the room for the first time, he saw this hideous monster at a glance and cried with fear. The sparrow smiled and said to her father, "Please accept it, it is the effect it should have." Convinced that his son had a talent for painting, pierrot sent Finch to Florence to study plastic arts systematically under the guidance of the famous artist Rocchio. At this time, Da Vinci was only 14 years old.

Rocchio's original boat was a famous art center in Florence at that time, where Italian humanists often gathered to discuss academic issues. Da Vinci established a large number of well-known humanists, artists and scientists here, and began to accept the influence of humanism. By the age of 20, Leonardo da Vinci had reached a high artistic attainments. He used brushes and carving knives to express the truth, goodness and beauty of nature and real life, and enthusiastically praised the happiness of life and the beauty of nature.

Leonardo da vinci is not satisfied with his talent. He wants to master all fields of human thought. He has a unique vision, capable work and artistic soul. Once, he got lost in the mountains and came to a dark cave. When he later recalled this experience, he said, "I suddenly had two emotions-fear and longing: I was afraid of the dark cave and wanted to see if there would be anything strange in it." His life has been bound by these two emotions-he is afraid of the unknowable mystery of life, but he wants to expose, study, explain its meaning and describe its grandeur. He made up his mind to be a researcher, a teacher, and especially an artist.

Master of Science

In the early Renaissance, people blindly accepted traditional ideas and worshipped ancient authorities and classical works. People learn scientific knowledge only by studying Aristotle's theory like the Bible, and only believe in written records. Leonardo da vinci objected to scholasticism taking past teaching and speeches as the knowledge base. He encouraged people to learn from nature and seek knowledge and truth from nature. He believes that knowledge comes from practice, and only by starting from practice can we explore the mysteries of science through practice. He said that "it is the greatest misfortune that theory is divorced from practice" and "practice should be based on good theory". Leonardo da Vinci put forward and mastered this advanced scientific method, and applied it to scientific research, making great contributions to natural science. This method, which he proposed, was later developed by Galileo and theoretically summarized by British philosopher Francis Bacon, and became the most basic method of modern natural science. Leonardo da Vinci believed in science. He hates religion and attacks Catholicism as a "shop selling deception". He said, "There is only one truth. He is not in religion, but in science. " Leonardo da Vinci's experimental working method paved the way for the later inventions of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Newton.

● astronomy. Leonardo da Vinci held a negative attitude towards the traditional "geocentric theory". He believes that the earth is not the center of the solar system, let alone the center of the universe, but just a planet orbiting the sun, and the sun itself does not move. Leonardo also believed that the moon itself did not shine, but only reflected the brilliance of the sun. His view was put forward earlier than Copernicus's "Sun-centered Theory". Even then, Leonardo da Vinci fantasized about using solar energy.

● Physics. Leonardo da Vinci rediscovered the concept of liquid pressure and put forward the principle of communication device. He pointed out: in communication devices, the liquid level of the same liquid is the same, the liquid level of different liquids is different, and the height of liquid is inversely proportional to density. He discovered the principle of inertia, which was later proved by Galileo's experiment. He believes that a projectile initially rises along an inclined straight line, makes a curve displacement under the mixed action of gravity and impulse, and finally runs out of impulse under the action of gravity and makes a vertical falling motion. His discovery shook Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He developed the lever principle, which not only deduced the relationship between acting force and arm length, but also calculated the relationship between speed and arm length. He pointed out that perpetual motion machine is impossible as an energy source. Leonardo also predicted the atomic principle of matter and vividly described the power of atomic energy: "that thing will explode from the ground, ... causing people to die suddenly in silent breathing, and the castle will be completely destroyed." It seems destructive in the air. "

● Medicine. Leonardo da vinci has also made great achievements in anatomy and physiology, and is known as the originator of modern physiological anatomy. He mastered the knowledge of human anatomy and studied physiology and medicine from anatomy. He first used wax to express the internal structure of human brain, and was also the first person to imagine making hearts and eyes out of glass and ceramics. He discovered the function of blood and thought that blood played a metabolic role in human body. He said that blood constantly transforms the whole body, bringing nutrition to all parts of the body, and then taking away the waste in the body. Leonardo da Vinci studied the heart. He found that the heart has four chambers and drew the heart valve. He believes that one of the causes of death in the elderly is arteriosclerosis, which is caused by lack of exercise. Later, William Harvey in England confirmed and developed these physiological achievements of Leonardo da Vinci.

● Architecture. In architecture, Leonardo da Vinci showed outstanding talent. He designed bridges, churches, domes and urban sewers. In the design of urban streets, he separated the driveway from the sidewalk; When designing urban buildings, the height of houses and the width of streets are specified in detail. He designed and built the moat in Milan.

● Water conservancy project. Leonardo da Vinci's research on water conservancy was a century earlier than that of Italian scholar Costelli. In order to remove the sediment, he made a construction plan for dredging the Yano River. He designed and personally presided over the canal irrigation project from Milan to pavia. Some reservoirs, sluices and dams he built facilitated farmland irrigation and promoted the development of agricultural production. Some water conservancy facilities are still in operation today.

● Military and mechanical. Leonardo da Vinci's research and inventions also involved military and mechanical aspects. He invented aircraft, helicopters, parachutes, machine guns, grenades, tanks, submarines, double-hull warships, cranes and so on.

● Geology. Leonardo da Vinci inferred that the earth's crust had changed according to the fact that there were fossils of animals in the sea on the mountain, and pointed out that the traces of floods on the earth were proof of the changes of land and sea, which was quite similar to Hutton's discovery in geology 300 years later. Before Magellan sailed around the world, he calculated that the diameter of the earth was over 7000 miles.

He also made great contributions in the fields of mathematics and hydraulic engineering. It can be said that Leonardo da Vinci's research involves all departments of natural science, and his thoughts and talents go deep into all fields of human knowledge. He is a rare scholar with all-round development in the world. However, most of Da Vinci's works and manuscripts were published many years after his death. Dampier, a historian of science, said of Leonardo da Vinci, "If he publishes his works, science will jump to the situation a hundred years later."

He is the father of helicopters.

This renaissance genius may have created the history of human flight long before the Wright brothers.

"If he publishes his book, science will jump to the situation in one hundred years. For human academic and social progress, it is of course useless to speculate on this situation, but we can safely say that if this happens, human academic and social evolution will be very different. " Dampier, a historian of science, relished that the giant of science was Leonardo da Vinci.

In fact, people in the Da Vinci era had the same dream of flying as their predecessors. After staying in Florence for a while, Leonardo da Vinci came to Milan again. From 1483 to 1486, Leonardo da Vinci drew a sketch of an aircraft.

In Leonardo da Vinci's vision, this is an airplane driven by the pilot's own power. The genius called his design a "flapping-wing plane", and leonardo da vinci gave his plane propulsion and lift.

Let's reconstruct this plane according to Leonardo da Vinci's sketch. The shape of the plane was made of wood, canvas and other materials at that time. On both sides of the plane, there are a pair of membranous wings, which are similar to bats or pterosaurs in structure and shape. Wings can reach 1 1 meter. The pilot carries this huge airplane and drives it by constantly stepping on the power pulley, and this driving force is amplified by hand cranking the crankshaft and provides power for the lifting device.

When designing this plane, Leonardo da Vinci always had an idea in his heart: as long as he had enough power, he could fly. It seems that this Renaissance genius may have created the history of human flight before the Wright brothers. In fact, the mechanical design of this earliest aircraft is perfect, but because the power provided by human beings is not proportional to the weight of the aircraft itself, it cannot be applied in practice. In fact, Leonardo da Vinci said that his invention also provided a helicopter power, not a real working plane. To this day, people still regard Leonardo da Vinci's design as the ancestor of helicopters.

He designed a junior robot.

Even more amazing, Leonardo da Vinci also designed a set of methods for heart repair surgery.

Leonardo once claimed that he had no book education and was naturally his real teacher. Know nature and yourself. Renaissance geniuses spared no effort to realize it. In order to understand human beings, Leonardo personally dissected dozens of corpses and accurately understood and drew human bones, muscles, joints and internal organs.

After many autopsies, Leonardo da Vinci discovered the metabolic effect of blood on human body. Blood brings nutrition to all parts of the body and takes away waste from all parts. In the specific anatomical observation, Leonardo da Vinci found that the heart consists of four ventricles, and drew the heart valve diagram.

In fact, Leonardo da Vinci even knew nothing about the working mechanism of the human circulatory system. Even more amazing, in 2005, a British surgeon used the method designed by Leonardo da Vinci to perform heart repair surgery. However, the study of anatomy did not bring Leonardo fame at that time, but was slandered countless times.

However, it is this in-depth understanding of the human body that Leonardo even drew the first humanoid robot in the western civilized world in the manuscript.

Leonardo da Vinci gave the robot a shell made of wood, leather and metal. How to make the robot move is a problem that puzzles Leonardo da Vinci. In Leonardo da Vinci's mind, he thought of using a lower gear as the driving device. Therefore, the robot's arm can swing, sit or stand through the meshing of the gears of two mechanical rods with the disk gears of the chest. More importantly, it is connected with the head through a transmission rod, so that the head can rotate and even open and close the jaw. Once equipped with an automatic drum device, the robot can even make a sound.

It turns out that more than 500 years ago, there was a prototype of the robot.

● It was this "Da Vinci Car" that inspired the invention of modern cars.

Leonardo da Vinci's 7000-page manuscript (now about 5000 pages) is still affecting scientific research. He is a prophet of the modern world, and his manuscript page is called/kloc-the real encyclopedia of science and technology in the 5th century.

In the early days, Leonardo was dissatisfied with the carriage at that time. In his scientific world, there has long been a shadow of the car. In fact, it was this "Da Vinci Car" that inspired the invention of modern cars.

Since it is a car, we have to consider the power problem. Leonardo da Vinci installed two springs in the middle of the car to solve this problem. When the rear wheel of an automobile is rotated by manpower, the gears mesh with each other, and the tension of the spring generates a force, which is then transmitted to the wheel through leverage.

So how to control the speed? Da Vinci also thought of it. He installed a disc device on the car body. There are many square blocks on the surface of the disc, and the other end of the iron bar connected to each wheel is connected to the disc. This is the device used to control the speed. The more wooden blocks placed by the disc fan, the greater the friction between the disc fan and the iron bar, the greater the resistance, the slower the wheel running speed and the longer the driving distance.

Of course, Leonardo also thought of the braking device. There is a block of wood between the gears. Pull the rope to clamp the block between the gears, and the car can stop. However, this kind of car can't carry people, because it can't travel a long distance by spring power alone.

At the same time, Leonardo da Vinci skillfully applied the spring to the design of clocks and watches. Later, the principle adopted by large clocks was conceived by Leonardo da Vinci. Only in this way of thinking, the elastic force of the spring is replaced by the gravity of the object, and the downward gravity of the object is evenly transmitted through the meshing action of many gears, thus keeping the clock moving at a constant speed.

In addition, river diggers, submersibles, cranes, cameras, heaters, thermometers ... Leonardo da Vinci has many inventions and designs. These inventions can completely advance the progress of scientific civilization in our world by 100 years.

● Obsessed with the mechanical world

Underwater breathing device, traction device, clockwork transmission device, ball device, reverse screw, differential screw, fabric expander ... leonardo da vinci showed the world countless fantastic ideas. At the beginning of the story, I have to talk about Leonardo da Vinci's first experience of studying painting in Florence. In fact, this experience opened the door for artist Leonardo da Vinci and also for scientist Leonardo da Vinci.

1460, Leonardo da Vinci came to Florence with his father, started his apprenticeship and began to learn painting at the same time. Leonardo da Vinci, who studied painting, participated in the installation of the giant copper ball on the dome lighthouse of Notre Dame de Florence, thus contacting and feeling the magic of various mechanical systems.

The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Florence is the beginning of Renaissance architecture. When Da Vinci installed a giant copper ball on the dome lighthouse, he witnessed the efficiency of the three-speed hoist and other mechanical devices, and was deeply impressed by this magic. Thus, brunelleschi's mechanical system design concept had a great influence on Leonardo da Vinci. At that time, a group of "Siena engineers" also had an important influence on Leonardo da Vinci's scientific community.

Engineers in Siena designed a river silt excavator that looks like a boat, used to remove gravel and silt in shallow water, and a paddle boat that can increase the loading capacity and speed up the driving. The inventions of these Siena engineers made Leonardo da Vinci interested in the magic of machinery.

Since then, Leonardo has been fascinated by the mechanical world.

maestro

When it comes to artistic creation, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael achieved the highest achievements during the Renaissance. Their artistic achievements reached the second peak of western plastic arts after ancient Greece, and reached the first peak in Europe only in painting. Among them, Leonardo da Vinci is the most prominent, and Engels called him a giant among giants. In artistic creation, Leonardo da Vinci solved the main problems in three fields of plastic arts-architecture, sculpture and painting:

1, which solves the problems of architectural design and ideal urban planning of memorial central dome;

2. Completed the task of15th century, which has been a headache for sculptors;

3. Solved two important problems in painting at that time-memorial murals and altar paintings.

Leonardo da Vinci's artistic works not only reflect things like mirrors, but also express them by thinking, observing and choosing beautiful parts of nature, thus guiding his own creation. Mural The Last Supper, Altar Madonna in the Rock and Portrait Mona Lisa are three masterpieces of his life. These three works are one of the treasures left by Leonardo da Vinci to the world art treasure house and the cornerstone of European art.

Legend has it that when he was young, he helped his teacher draw a little angel in a painting called John the Baptist Christ. As a result, his level surpassed all the other characters drawn by the teacher. The famous teacher was ashamed, so he stopped dabbling in painting and only engaged in sculpture.

Leonardo da vinci is best known for his superb painting skills. His most famous works include Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Our Lady in the Rock, Santa Anna and The Virgin.

The Mona Lisa was painted for four years. It is said that the model is a Florentine who just lost her child. In order to relieve her pain and show her natural smile, Leonardo asked someone to play music for her. Her smile is a topic that people talk about, sometimes it looks serious and sometimes it looks gentle; Sometimes it's sad, sometimes it's ironic. Mona Lisa's right hand is called "the most beautiful hand in art history".

The Last Supper was painted on the wall of the sacred dining room of Gracy Church. Leonardo da Vinci changed the layout of the Last Supper painted by his predecessors, so that all the characters sat in a row facing outward, with Jesus Christ in the middle.

The representative of the Renaissance spirit.

Leonardo da Vinci had more and wider fantasies than anyone in the Renaissance. He is profound in thought and knowledge. He studied all the mysteries of nature and life with a never-ending spirit of exploration. He integrated art and science, reason and emotion, body and spirit, inherited and carried forward the humanistic thought and realistic expression of predecessors, pushed art to an unprecedented height and made great contributions to the development of natural science. Leonardo da Vinci is well-deserved "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance".

Mona Lisa. Also known as LA GIOCONDA

No work of art in the world is as famous as the Mona Lisa, and it has also attracted various opinions and comments. According to vasari's records, we can confirm that the person in the painting is Lisa, the wife of Florentine banker Francesco Gerardo Zogondo. She was born in 1479, and Finch painted her in 1503, when Lisa was 24-27 years old. The main expression of people in the painting is "smile", which is called "mysterious smile" by the world.

Zogondo, a banker, asked Finch to paint for his wife with rich remuneration. When the lady appeared in front of the painter, she wore luxurious clothes and had a fashionable hairstyle. She has a plump figure, neat eyebrows, flushed cheeks, and precious jewels on her neck and arms, and her whole body is full of naive and natural interests. Bright eyes sparkled under curved eyebrows. When she fixed her eyes on the famous painter, a head of Socrates with infinite wisdom came into view, with a silvery white beard on her face, which looked like a temporary god, quite different from the vulgar businessman she saw all day. A momentary heartfelt smile made her face look radiant and charming: shy and naughty, as if her lost youth had returned. The mystery in the depths of the soul was suddenly caught by an observant painter. "I agree to start work at once." Finch nodded to the Mona Lisa.

In order to maintain Lisa's smile, the painter told her wonderful and pleasant stories with his wise mind, and invited various clowns, pianists and street performers to perform for his wife, so as to wake up this depressed, indifferent and sleepy young woman. After Lisa sat down, she put one hand on the other and made a gesture of a young woman. The painter noticed that her bare neck and plump hands were unfortunately occupied by gold and silver jewelry. Finch said to Lisa, "if your wife doesn't object, I'd like to describe the neck and arms without any decoration." This is your purest beauty. Please take off all the ornaments symbolizing wealth and let me describe all the beauty that belongs to you. " So Lisa quickly faded all the ornaments. What we are seeing now is a young woman with no decoration and natural taste.

Mona Lisa reminds Finch of his birth mother, Albella. Once, the master confided his life experience to a young woman affectionately, as if he saw the image of his own mother from Lisa's figure. When talking about the death of his 24-year-old mother, his voice was full of pity and sorrow. Lisa said, "I'm 24 years old, too. I remind you of her." Lisa became the mysterious incarnation of Abena. So when the master painted Lisa, he painted it with sincere and pure feelings. He painted the portrait of this man with double feelings for his mother and lover. Not only that, he also described her as an ideal, a symbol of beauty, a joy and light of the human world. He wants to convey his beauty and experience to everyone with a brush. With the arrival of the Renaissance, God stepped down from the altar and became a man of flesh and blood, with feelings and desires. Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa became a symbol of this new era and went down in history.

Some anecdotes about Mona Lisa

1503- 1505, Leonardo da Vinci began to paint the Mona Lisa. This painting followed him until a few years after his death. The portrait was bought by the French emperor Francis I, and it remained in the possession of the French royal family until Napoleon collected it in the Louvre in 1805. This painting is like a living alien, and its extraordinary charm and anecdotes are amazing and even unbelievable:

After King Louis XIII of France got the Mona Lisa, he hung it in the family training hall and ordered his daughter to imitate the smile in the painting all day. After several years of hard work, the princesses finally imitated the mysterious smile perfectly.

When Napoleon owned the Mona Lisa, he liked to hang it in his bedroom. He watches it many times by himself every morning and evening, and sometimes he can stand in front of the screen for a day and a half, so fascinated that he forgets everything.

From June 65438 to June 0963, Mona Lisa was exhibited in Washington, USA. There are more than 40,000 security guards, and every tourist has to go through six checkpoints and be checked by various instruments. The Mona Lisa was exhibited in Tokyo, Japan on May 1974, and each visitor was only allowed to stand in front of the painting for 9 seconds.

The number of visitors to the Louvre is about 7 million every year. According to the incomplete statistics of UNESCO, by the end of 199 1, there were more than 200 monographs on Mona Lisa in the world, and there were countless other publications.

More than 200 fake paintings of Mona Lisa have been found all over the world, and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher collected 34. She said: "I really like the Mona Lisa, but she is an orphan, so I can only entertain myself with fakes."

1987, British and Israeli archaeologists unearthed a mosaic in an ancient Roman-style villa in Tripoli, which borders Israel and Lebanon. The pattern is exactly the same as the Mona Lisa. This painting was born in the 4th century A.D., about 1 100 years before Leonardo lived.

The Last Supper

The Last Supper is the most important story in Christian legends, which is described by almost all religious painters. However, before Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper for the dining hall of Gracie Monastery in Milan, all painters had the same feature when dealing with the artistic image of the picture: Judas was separated from his disciples and painted across the dining table, and was tried in an isolated position. This is because painters can't express people's inner complex feelings, and it is difficult to distinguish good from evil in image. Because Leonardo da Vinci has made in-depth observation and research on people's image and psychology, he can gain insight into the subtle psychological activities of characters from their movements, gestures and expressions and show them.

The painter chose the moment when Jesus learned that he was betrayed by his disciple Judas, and sent his disciple Peter to inform him to have dinner with his disciples on the evening of Yueyue Festival, not for dinner, but to expose the traitor in public. After Jesus sat down, he said extemporaneously, "One of you betrayed me." As soon as this was said, there was a commotion among the disciples present, and everyone responded to this sentence in line with their own personality: some expressed their loyalty to the teacher; Some people are not confused and ask to trace who it is; Some asked their elders, and the whole scene was anxious. The previous painter could not express this complicated scene and the different inner spiritual activities of his disciples. It's just that Finch got different personality images from observing various personalities in real life, so he created different characters in his paintings. The audience can make different psychological analysis of the people in the painting from their own life experiences.

The psychology and modality of the disciples described by the painter can be found in similar models in real life, but it is difficult to draw the image of a traitor. Leonardo da Vinci has stopped writing for a few days in order to create the image of Judas. He often stands in front of the painting and meditates. At that time, Finch was paid on time for painting, but the dean was very angry because he didn't write for the next few days. He planned to deduct Finch's salary. The dean told Finch the idea through the manager, and Finch said the reason for stopping writing. Although the manager can understand, it is not his intention to deduct wages, but the dean's will. At this time, Finch turned to look at the dean and immediately said that he could complete the image of Judas quickly. If he really couldn't find the model of Judas, he painted the head of the dean as Judas, and the manager smiled knowingly. Later, the Grand Duke of Milan came to see Finch's painting. When he saw the dean sitting in Judas' seat, he smiled and said, I also received accusations from monks that he deducted monks' salaries. He's like Judas. Let him sit here forever. The archduke said to Finch, "He was unfair to you, and you got back at him cleverly." Finch used the dean as an example, not out of personal revenge, but because he found that the dean and Judas were greedy for money, which was essentially the same. Therefore, Judas entered Finch's works as a typical example of greed, betrayal and evil.

This magnificent picture hanging on the dining hall wall of Gretchen Temple is neat, balanced and full of changes. From the aspects of perfect conception, compact plot, typical characterization and skillful expression, it can be called the representative of painter's art. It is also one of the best paintings of mankind, and Leonardo da Vinci is famous all over the world because of its appearance.

Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait

An exquisite sketch by Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. His sketch art level has reached a high level, and he is praised as a model of sketch art. In this Self-portrait, the painter observes carefully, and the lines used are rich and varied, combining rigidity with softness, and he is especially good at expressing subtle changes in light and shade with diagonal lines with different densities. The lines used in this painting are vivid and flexible, with strong generality, but the simple strokes contain many twists and turns, and the relationship is decent, and the hair line is used instead of the face, which has a strong three-dimensional sense. And the expressions of the characters are very vivid.

See Leonardo da Vinci

Ma Shu, a famous thief, joined the international painting stealing group in prison. As soon as he was paroled, the organization offered him a "job" to get the priceless masterpiece "The Woman Holding the Silver Rat" that customers all over the world dreamed of. This painting is the treasure of the Polish Museum. It has just been exhibited in Japan and is now on its way back to Poland, under the strict protection of the police. In order to get a huge reward, Ma Shu sought the help of Julian, an old ally of the police, and tried to steal the famous painting unnoticed. Therefore, they invited Hagen, the master painter, and his granddaughter, the motor, who is very talented in reproduction, to draw an almost authentic copy. But Julian, who has a sense of justice at this time, hopes that the famous painting will stay in Poland forever. ...