Zhang Zhongjing's resume Zhang Zhongjing was a native of Nieyang County, Nanyang County (now dengzhou city and zhenping county, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a great physician in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty and a great man in the history of world medicine. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first classic work integrating theory, method, prescription and medicine in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, Zhongjing was honored as a "medical saint" by later generations, and there was a temple dedicated to incense.
Zhang Zhongjing was born in a declining bureaucratic family, and his father Zhang Hanzong was a North Korean official. Due to the special family conditions, he has been exposed to many classics since he was a child. He saw the story of Bian Que's visit to Cai Huangong from the history books, and he admired Bian Que. Throughout his life, he assiduously sought the ancient method, learned from others, collected the achievements of his predecessors, absorbed the essence of four generations, and wrote the immortal medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. This medical book integrates theory, method, prescription and medicine in one furnace, which is the first in syndrome differentiation and treatment, and forms China's unique medical thought system, which has played a great role in promoting the development of medicine.
He likes medicine since he was a child. "Read a lot of books and concentrate on Taoism." When he was ten years old, his fellow countryman He Qing appreciated his cleverness and specialty, and once said to him, "Use your brain carefully but your charm is not high. You will be a good doctor" (Biography of He Qing). Later, Zhang Zhongjing really became a good doctor and was called a "medical sage". Of course, this is related to his "using the essence of thinking", but it is mainly the result of his love for the medical profession and his good at "assiduous pursuit of ancient methods and learning from others".
When I was young, I studied medicine in the same county town as Zhang Bozu. After years of hard study and clinical practice, he became an outstanding doctor in the medical history of China.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, people abandoned agriculture, urban farms were mostly wilderness, and people were displaced, hungry and cold. Plague broke out in various places, especially in Luoyang and Huiji (Shaoxing). "Every family has the pain of zombies, and every household has the sorrow of wailing." Zhang Zhongjing's family is no exception. Zhang Zhongjing witnessed this sad scene.
According to the Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, since the first year of Jian 'an (AD 196), two-thirds of Zhang Zhongjing's family members died in ten years, 70% of them died of typhoid fever. He "felt the loss of the past, and the injury was hopeless", and he studied medicine hard, determined to be a doctor who could relieve the suffering of the people. "Treat your relatives' diseases from the upper level, save the poor from the lower level, and protect your health and raise your life from the middle level." Later doctors called Zhang Zhongjing a "medical sage", and his book 1600 has been a must-read classic for studying Chinese medicine for more than 600 years.
At that time, there was a man in his family named Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor. Zhang Zhongjing went to worship him as a teacher in order to study medicine. Seeing that he was smart and eager to learn, Zhang Bozu taught him his medical knowledge and skills without reservation, and Zhang Zhongjing passed it on. The book Xiangyang Fuzhi once praised: "Zhongjing's skill is better than Bozu's".
The principle of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" he founded is a bright pearl in the great treasure house of Chinese medicine, which makes Chinese medicine unique among the nations in the world. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhang Zhongjing's works have spread overseas and enjoyed a high reputation in the world medical field. Since the Jin Dynasty, 1700 Chinese and foreign scholars have compiled, annotated, researched and developed Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which is rare in the history of world medicine. Zhang Zhongjing is one of the most outstanding doctors in the history of Chinese civilization. His theory has cultivated generations of famous doctors and made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation, and "it will still be more brilliant after thousands of years."
Nie Yang, Zhang Zhongjing's hometown, is located at the junction of dengzhou city and zhenping county. Every year, people spontaneously come to Nanyang Medical Shrine to commemorate and pay tribute. "Visiting the medical sage", "folding paper for medical treatment", "touching the head of a sheep" and "receiving holy water" are the main contents of mass sacrificial activities, which generally last for three days. Zhang Zhongjing's sacrificial activities have been selected as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Henan Province. Nanyang medical shrine is a national key cultural relic protection unit, which preserves Zhang Zhongjing's tomb and temple.
Determined in troubled times
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a great clinician-Zhang Zhongjing appeared in China. He not only has rich clinical experience and treated many patients with superb medical skills, but also wrote a creative medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The publication of this masterpiece has brought China's clinical medicine and prescription science to a more mature stage.
Zhang Zhongjing was born in a declining bureaucratic family. His father, Zhang, is a scholar and an official in the court. Due to the special conditions of his family, he was exposed to many classics since he was a child. He is also studious, well-read and loves medicine. He saw the story of Bian Que's visit to Qi Huangong from the history books and admired Bian Que's superb medical skills. "The more I look at everyone's diagnosis, the more I look at Hou's color, and I can't help but sigh his talent." From then on, he became interested in medicine, which laid the foundation for him to become a generation of famous doctors.
At that time, social politics was dark and political affairs were corrupt. Peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and wars broke out everywhere. The Lebanese people suffered from the war, and with the epidemic, many people died. It's really "a lot of lives, corpses everywhere", which is terrible. However, the government and yamen did not want to save them, but fought for power and profits blindly, launched wars and oppressed the people. This made Zhang Zhongjing hate officialdom, despise official career and pity the people since he was a child, and he sprouted the desire to study medicine to save the country. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty spent four years (A.D. 16 1). About 10 years old, he studied medicine under Zhang Bozu, a doctor from the same county.
Zhang Bozu was a famous physician at that time. He has a calm personality, a simple life and studies medicine hard. Every time I see a patient and prescribe a prescription, I am very careful and thoughtful. Nine times out of ten, the patients he treated can be cured and are deeply respected by the people. Zhang Zhongjing studied medicine with him very attentively. Whether going out for medical treatment, copying prescriptions and taking medicines, or going up the mountain to collect medicines and go home for processing, he is not afraid of suffering and fatigue. Zhang Bozu liked this student very much and taught him his rich experience of practicing medicine all his life without reservation. He Qing, a fellow countryman older than Zhang Zhongjing, knows him quite well. He once said, "You must be a good doctor if your heart is not high." It means that Zhang Zhongjing is talented, studious, smart and steady, but he does not have the temperament and demeanor of being an official and is not suitable for being an official. As long as you concentrate on studying medicine, you will definitely become a famous doctor in the future. He Qing's words strengthened Zhang Zhongjing's confidence in studying medicine and studied harder from then on. He read a lot of medical books, extensively absorbed the experience of various doctors for clinical diagnosis, made great progress, and soon became a famous doctor, even "shine on you is better than Blue", surpassing his teacher. At that time, people praised him as "more subtle than his teacher in knowledge and application."
Zhang Zhongjing advocated "diligent pursuit of ancient religion" and earnestly studied and summarized the theoretical experience of predecessors.
He carefully studied ancient medical books, such as Su Wen, Lingshu, Difficult Classics, Yin and Yang Theory, pregnancy and drug records. Among them, Su Wen had the greatest influence on him. "Su Wen" said: "Those with husband fever are all typhoid fever and so on." He also said, "When a person is injured by cold, he is ill with heat." Zhang Zhongjing developed this theory according to his own practice. He believes that typhoid fever is the general name of all fever, that is, all diseases caused by exogenous diseases can be called "typhoid fever". He also carefully studied the treatment principle of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" left by predecessors, and thus put forward a new viewpoint of "six meridians of typhoid fever"
In addition to "seeking the ancient teachings", he also "learned from many prescriptions" and widely collected effective prescriptions and even folk prescriptions for ancient and modern treatments. He studied acupuncture, moxibustion, warm ironing, rubbing medicine, sitting medicine, bathing, moistening and guiding, soaking feet, washing ears, blowing ears, sublingual administration, artificial respiration and other specific therapies that people like to use, and accumulated a lot of information. After decades of struggle, Zhang Zhongjing collected a lot of information, including his personal clinical experience, and wrote sixteen volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases (also known as Treatise on Febrile Diseases). This book was written around 2005 and became "popular in the world". Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor in Jin Dynasty, arranged it. In the Song Dynasty, it was gradually divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is a miscellaneous disease part of the book.
Life story:
See a doctor in Xiangyang
When Zhang Zhongjing was young, he became famous in medicine. But he is still diligent and studious, visiting famous doctors everywhere and asking for advice. This year, Zhang Zhongjing's younger brother wanted to go out to do business. When he left, he said, "Brother, I'm leaving this time. Please show me any serious symptoms in the future! "
Brother caressed his brother's pulse and said, "I'm afraid you'll get sores on your back next year!" " "
The younger brother was surprised and said, "Oh dear! I often hear you say that sore is afraid of fame, and illness is afraid of anonymity. I have a sore on the back of the tower. I can't see with my eyes, I can't touch with my hands. What should I do? "
Zhang Zhongjing said, "Don't be afraid! I'll write you a prescription. Take this medicine at this time and move the sore to the soft meat of the ass. In the future, whoever can recognize back sores will be treated. If anyone is cured, give me a letter. " My brother left safely.
Zhang Zhongjing's younger brother went to Hubei to do business for a year. The next year in Xiangyang, I suddenly felt backache, so I took the medicine according to my brother's prescription. A few days later, the sore really broke out from the ass. He begged all the doctors in Xiangyang that this was a boil and that was a sore, and they didn't know. Later, the famous doctor "Wang Shenxian" appeared in Tongji Pharmacy. He smiled and said:
"This turned out to be a sore! Who moved it to the ass? "
Answer: "My brother moved".
Wang Shenxian said: "Since he can move, of course he can be cured!"
Zhang Zhongjing's younger brother said: "He is far away in Nanyang, and the water is far from thirsty. I still hope that Teacher Wang will work hard to cure it! "
Wang Shenxian immediately prescribed a prescription. Zhang Zhongjing's younger brother took medicine and put on some plaster. Soon, the sore healed, and he immediately wrote a letter to his brother. Zhang Zhongjing was very happy after receiving the letter. He immediately prepared meals, packed his bags and headed for Xiangyang.
Early this morning, in front of the gate of Tongji large pharmacy in Xiangyang, stood a young man carrying luggage and holding an umbrella. He begged the housekeeper: "I am from Henan, and my life is impermanent." Please accept me as a buddy! "
Wang Shenxian came out of the drugstore when he heard the sound. Seeing that the young man was young and tidy, he said, "All right! I'm short of people here, so I'll accept you as a fellow villager who cooks medicinal materials! " This epigenetic is Zhang Zhongjing.
Since then, Zhang Zhongjing has been living in Tongji Pharmacy. He is smart, studious and proficient in pharmacology. He is not only familiar with the properties of various Chinese herbal medicines, but also processes them quickly and well. In a few days, he was replaced by a drugstore by Wang Shenxian. He is in charge of medicine and medical treatment. People in the shop have a headache and fever, and they also come to him for treatment. Everyone praises him as Mr. Er!
Seeing that Mr. Er really has two hands, Wang Xiannv asked him to be his helper. Wang Shenxian took a pulse to see a doctor, and he copied the medicine list; When the immortal king encounters an incurable disease, he will know where the disease is and how to treat it by taking the pulse and letting him feel it. Zhang Zhongjing kept these medical theories in mind and in his notebook, and it was like this for a year.
One day, an old man riding a donkey hurried to the drugstore, saying that his son had acute symptoms and invited him to visit the king.
About half an hour later, the old man took back a prescription and went to the drugstore to get the medicine. When Zhang Zhongjing saw the poisonous gamboge in the prescription, he knew that the patient had worms in his stomach. This medicine is used to treat insects. But seeing that Garcinia Garcinia only opened five dollars, he hesitated, then grabbed the medicine and called it away. Soon, Wang Shenxian came back. When he got off the donkey, he was going to have a rest in the backyard. Zhang Zhongjing hurried forward and said, "Take care, sir! The patient will come again soon! "
Wang Shenxian was surprised: "The patient is fine, what are you doing?"
Zhang Zhongjing said, "I beg your pardon. Garcinia cambogia can poison insects in human body, so it needs one or two doses. Sir, as long as five dollars, you can only stun the insect poison, and when it wakes up, it will be even more vicious. Re-medication doesn't work, I'm afraid the patient is still in danger! "
Wang Xian listened with a grain of salt. Suddenly, the old man ran over and shouted, "Mr. Wang!" Great! My son has a terrible pain, go and have a look! "
Wang Shenxian suddenly panicked, and he was so anxious that he broke out in a cold sweat on his forehead that he didn't dare to leave in the shop. Zhang Zhongjing looked at it and said with a smile, "Sir, for better or worse, students take the liberty to go for Mr.!" " I'm riding a donkey now.
At this time, the patient rolled on the ground in pain. Zhang Zhongjing knew at a glance that it was a bug at work. I saw him unhurried, took out a three-inch silver needle, told the patient to take off his clothes, looked at the acupoints, twisted his fingers and stabbed the worms in his head.
The worm's head was stabbed. It was a life-and-death struggle. I only heard the patient faint with a cry of pain. The old man was frightened to disgrace.
Zhang Zhongjing laughed and said, "Don't be afraid, the bug has been stabbed to death!" " "Then the patient groaned twice and woke up.
Zhang Zhongjing also prescribed laxatives for patients. In an instant, a ruler expelled the worm from the body and the patient was completely cured.
After Wang Shenxian knew it, he was pleasantly surprised. He asked, "Who are you, sir?" Zhang Zhongjing said, "My name is Zhang Mingji, and I'm here to study medicine!"
Wang Shenxian said, "Oh, no!" Hold a banquet right away.
Later, Zhang Zhongjing returned to Nanyang, and the two also interacted with each other and became good friends in medicine.
Medicate a disease.
Zhang Zhongjing became famous in medicine. He also treated his peers with an open mind and lost no time in learning from other doctors.
Once upon a time, some medical practitioners only passed on their medical skills to their descendants, but generally did not pass them on. At that time, there was a famous doctor named Shen Huai in Nanyang, who was in his seventies and had no children. All day, he was disappointed that there was no successor. He couldn't eat, couldn't sleep, and slowly became sick in worry.
When local doctors came to see Shen Huai, they all shrank back. No one can see the old man's illness clearly. It's getting heavier. After Zhang Zhongjing knew it, he came to Shen Huaigu.
Zhang Zhongjing looked at his illness and was diagnosed with anxiety. He immediately prescribed a prescription, made balls with a catty of whole-grain flour and eggs, coated them with pearl sand, and told the patients to eat them.
Shen Huai knew, and he felt funny! He ordered his family to hang pills made of grain flour under the eaves, and everyone pointed at it and laughed at Zhang Zhongjing.
Relatives came to see him, and he smiled and said, "Look! This is a prescription given to me by Zhang Zhongjing. Who has seen the treatment of whole grains? Joke! Joke! "
When his friend came to see him, he smiled and said, "Look! This is a prescription given to me by Zhang Zhongjing. Who can eat five Jin of noodles at a meal? That's funny! Funny! "
When his fellow doctor came to see him, he smiled and said, "Look! This is a prescription given to me by Zhang Zhongjing. I've been ill for decades, I haven't heard of it, hee hee! Hey! " He just wanted to make it ridiculous, put all his troubles behind him and got sick before he knew it.
At this time, Zhang Zhongjing came to visit him and said, "Congratulations on your recovery! Students dare to play tricks in front of Lu Ban. " Hearing this, Shen Huai suddenly realized, admired and ashamed. Zhang Zhongjing went on to say, "Sir, what we do as doctors is to benefit the people, get rid of diseases and prolong life. Mr. Zhang has no children. Are we not all your children? " Why worry about no successor? "
Hearing this, Shen Huai felt very reasonable and deeply moved. Since then, I have taught all the medical records to Zhang Zhongjing and other young doctors.
Government and Taiwan Province's Clever "Governance"
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang had a government. He did a lot of bad things. People hate him and want to find a chance to vent their anger.
This year, Futai's daughter fell ill. For several months, she tried to find a famous doctor again and again, but she could not cure the disease. On this day, the government sent his family to invite Zhang Zhongjing to meet his daughter. Typhoid fever was marching at that time. Zhang Zhongjing goes out early and returns late every day, and goes to the countryside to treat the people. Only his son is at home. They invited Zhang Zhongjing's son.
Zhang Zhongjing's son studied medicine with him all the year round and is also a famous doctor. He came to the mansion and asked about the young lady's illness. Before Mrs. Mansion could speak, tears fell down first: "Alas! She is sallow and emaciated, she can't eat or drink, and she keeps vomiting! " Said to let her daughter feel her pulse.
At that time, young doctors could not see women. So I had to pull a red line from the curtain, one end tied to the middle finger of the young lady, and the other end let Zhang Zhongjing's son pull it and put it in his ear. He listened carefully for a long time, but he didn't find it funny: haha! No one can see this disease?
It turns out that Futai's daughter is pregnant! But he didn't know that this "patient" was still an unmarried girl, so he said loudly to the government: "Congratulations, my Lord! Miss, there is nothing wrong with her. She is a happy girl! You are going to be a grandfather! "
Hearing this, the government stood trembling with anger and howled, "Bastard! This is complete nonsense. Get him out! " The family crowded on him, beat him up and kicked him out of the house.
In the evening, Zhang Zhongjing came back to listen. He was very angry. He asked his son, "Did you really see it?"
The son said, "I'm really pregnant, it's been six or seven months!" " "
Zhang Zhongjing pondered for a moment and said, "This government has done everything bad. Let's take it out on him tomorrow! "
The next day, Zhang Zhongjing called his neighbors and came to the government with gifts, just in time to catch up with the gentlemen and celebrities in the city. Zhang Zhongjing saw the ceremony at the mansion and said, "An unscrupulous son is ill-treated, and his words are rude. I hope you can accept your letter! Today, I apologize. Secondly, I want to personally diagnose your love! "
Hearing this, the government quickly said, "Bitch is just a little itchy, Mr. He Lao!" " He said that he would hold a banquet.
Zhang Zhongjing said: "The important thing is to diagnose your love first." The government asked the servant to invite her daughter out.
Zhong Zhang see landscape that woman's look, already understand a few minutes. I secretly spit out a little medicine with the small fingernail of my right hand, hid it in a wide sleeve, and then sat up to feel everyone's pulse.
Zhang Zhongjing felt her pulse, and sure enough, this woman was six or seven months pregnant! He said to the patient, "Open your mouth and look at the tongue coating!" " As soon as the young lady spoke, he flicked his right thumb, put the medicine in the young lady's mouth, ordered boiled water, and the young lady drank it. Zhang Zhongjing smiled and said to the government: "When the medicine is cured, send love to the ear room for observation and talk for a while."
The government was very grateful and hosted a banquet. No sooner had he picked up his glass to propose a toast to Zhang Zhongjing than his wife groaned from one side of the wing. The government was surprised. Zhang Zhongjing said: "This is medicine. Don't worry, your love will be cured in an instant! "
As soon as his voice fell, I heard the baby crying from the flank. The Futai couple were shocked at once, blushed for a while, and wanted to get into the cracks for a while. Those gentlemen and celebrities are also surprised. You look at me, and I look at you, whispering and laughing.
Zhang Zhongjing laughed angrily and pointed to the government and said, "Now the truth is out. You talk about courtesy, justice and shame, but you are a thief and prostitute! " The Futai couple fainted with anger. Zhang Zhongjing was angry with the people and went back happily.
Works:
1, Treatise on Febrile Diseases (Lost).
2. Treatise on Febrile Diseases was compiled by Wang Shuhe, a physician in Jin Dynasty, based on the anecdotes of the typhoid part of Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
3. synopsis of the golden chamber. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Zhu, Lin Bu, Sun Qi and others stumbled upon the incomplete bamboo slips Treatise on Febrile Diseases, compiled Miscellaneous Diseases into a book, renamed it synopsis of the Golden Chamber, and published it in the world.
In addition to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Zhang Zhongjing's works include ten volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases Based on Syndrome Differentiation, one volume of Prescriptions for Treating Diseases, two volumes of Prescriptions for Treating Women, one volume of Treatise on Five Zangs and one volume of Arthrology. Unfortunately, it has been lost for a long time. However, the outstanding contribution of Treatise on Febrile Diseases is enough to make Zhang Zhongjing a world medical great man admired at home and abroad.
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