Brief introduction of delphinium
Delphinium, Latin scientific name: Consolidaajacis(L.)Schur, is a perennial herb of Delphinium in Ranunculaceae. Because of its unique flower shape, it looks like a swallow, hence the name. The flower diameter is about 4 cm, which is elegant and charming. It is 35 ~ 65 cm high, with sparse branches and palmately divided leaves. The raceme has 3- 15 flowers, petal-shaped, blue or purple-blue, and is 1.5- 1.8 cm long. Delphinium is a straight-rooted plant with few fibrous roots, which is suitable for direct seeding and transplanting with soil. Cold-resistant, like sunshine, afraid of summer heat, avoid waterlogging, suitable for growth in deep and fertile sandy soil. Originated in southern Europe, it is cultivated in all provinces of China.
Cultivation techniques of delphinium
breeding method
Delphinium can be propagated by sowing or cutting.
Seed propagation
The optimum temperature for germination is l5℃, and the optimum temperature is below 20℃, and it germinates in about two weeks. Autumn sowing time is from late August to early September. Seedbeds are sown in the open field first, and then enter the cold bed or cold room for wintering before winter, and then sow in warm spring. In early spring in the south, seedlings are directly sown in the open field, and the spacing between plants is 25~5 cm. In the north, seedlings are generally raised in advance, and 2-4 real leaves are transplanted in April, and 4-7 real leaves are sown. Pay attention to drainage in rainy days. Fruit maturity is inconsistent, so it should be naturally cracked after maturity, so it should be harvested in time. Generally, mature seeds are harvested 1~2 times in June, and all selected seeds are harvested in July, dried and threshed. Cutting propagation is carried out in spring. When the new leaves grow more than15cm, the cuttings are cut and inserted into the sand.
fissiparity
It can be carried out in both spring and autumn, usually once every 2~3 years.
Cultivation method
In the hot summer area, sow in late August, when the seeds germinate and grow 2-4 true leaves in the middle and late June of 10, move them to the sunny border for cultivation, sow when the seedlings grow 4-7 true leaves in March of the following year, and bloom in May-July. If cultivated in greenhouse in hot areas, the growth period can be shortened and the flowers will bloom 2 ~ 3 months earlier.
The specific methods are as follows: sowing in the late August, transplanting in the middle and late September 1 time, sowing in the middle of1October, heat preservation cultivation, heating from February to February, which can advance the flowering period to March-May.
Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after flowering, and watering properly, and increasing light after 10 can promote early flowering. When the plant grows to 20 cm high, stretch the high scaffolding to prevent lodging.
Matters needing attention
Delphinium needs a sunny and cool growing environment. It can resist cold and drought, but it is not resistant to high temperature and water, and the requirements for soil are not very high. However, the following problems should be paid attention to when planting:
(1) sowing time. Sowing can be done in spring and autumn. If you sow in autumn, you must sow in mid-September.
② Maintenance. The soil must be kept moist after sowing. The easiest way is to cover some grass and gradually remove the cover after seedling emergence.
③ transplantation. When delphinium delphinium grows two true leaves, transplant them into a small pot with soil, and then change the pot after the seedlings grow up 1 time.
4 water. Water should be dry and wet, and a little more water should be poured during flowering to avoid excessive soil drying.
⑤ Fertilize. When changing pots, dry manure should be applied as base fertilizer, and 1~3 times of decomposed cake fertilizer and water should be applied every month according to the growth situation.
⑥ Height control. Control plant height with paclobutrazol after changing pots. The specific method is to apply 0.5% paclobutrazol/kloc-0 every two weeks.
⑦ Collect seeds. Seeds should be collected in time to avoid cracking after maturity.
control of insect
Black spot, root rot and chrysanthemum leaf blight are common diseases that harm leaves, flower buds and stems, and 500 times of 30% thiophanate wettable powder can be used.
Inconsistent spraying. Pests are endangered by aphids and noctuids, and spraying 10% pesticide emulsifiable concentrate is 2000 times.
powdery mildew
1, symptom: the disease harms the leaves and stems of plants. At the early stage of the disease, white powdery mildew spots appeared on the diseased parts of infected plants. When the disease is serious, the young leaves and shoots curl and their growth is inhibited. In the late stage of the disease, small black particles are formed in the mildew spot, which is the closed capsule of the pathogen.
2. Pathogens: Pathogens are powdery mildew of Compositae, powdery mildew of Polygonum and fungi of Tenebrio molitor, all belonging to Ascomycota, Sclerotinia and powdery mildew.
3. Pathogenic law: The pathogenic bacteria overwinter with ascomycetes, and conidia and ascomycetes are produced in the following spring. Spores spread through wind and rain, infecting and harming the host. This disease is very serious in wet and cold seasons.
4, prevention and control:
(1) Reduce the source of infection: after flowering, focus on burning diseased plants and sick people.
② Strengthen cultivation management: pay attention to drainage in the planting area to prevent moisture. Plants should not be too dense, and good ventilation and light transmission conditions should be maintained.
③ Chemical control: 50% benadryl wettable powder or 800-1000 times 15% triadimefon wettable powder was sprayed at onset. [7] The root neck rot of swallow is a devastating disease of swallow. Pathogens invade plants from roots and necks, cutting off water supply, causing plants to wilt and die suddenly.
black spot
1, symptom: the disease harms leaves, petioles, stems and flowers of plants, mainly leaves. It is often the lower leaves of plants that are the most ill. Bright black spots appear on the front of the diseased leaves, and the diseased spots are irregular. The diseased spots on the back of the leaves are light brown.
2. Pathogen: The pathogen is Pseudomonas syringae. Delphini ·NII (Smith) Young, Dyer wilkie.
3. Pathogenic law: Pathogenic bacteria overwinter on soil surface or diseased leaves. In the next spring, when the conditions are suitable, bacteria spread through rain and invade from the stomata of the host, causing infection and harm. Seeds can also carry bacteria and spread diseases. The disease is more serious under the condition of rainy and wet soil.
4, prevention and control:
(1) When the diseased leaves are found, they are immediately removed and burned, and the old stems are cut off in autumn.
② At onset, streptomycin 1000 times solution can be sprayed.
③ Cultivate disease-free seedlings.
What is the flower language of delphinium?
The flower language of delphinium: quiet, lightness, justice and freedom.
Different colors of delphinium flower language:
Blue: Depression
Purple: advocating softness.
Pink: poetic
White: elegance
The legend of delphinium:
Legend one
The British hero Ijas was angry because there were too few trophies. He stabbed the flowers and plants in the yard with his sword. When he came to his senses, he was ashamed of this behavior and committed suicide. After the blood dripped on the ground, the beautiful delphinium blossomed. It is said that the abbreviation AIIA of Ijas English name appeared on the flower.
Legend 2
There is a legend full of blood and tears among the people in southern Europe. In ancient times, a group of people fled because of persecution, but they were all killed. The soul has turned into a flying swallow, flying back to hometown and hiding in the weak grass branches. Later, these swallows became beautiful flowers, blooming in their native land every year, eager to give them "justice" and "freedom"
The main value of delphinium
Medicinal value
Whole grass and seeds can be used as medicine to treat toothache. Stems and leaves soaked in juice can kill insects.
1, Function Indications: Seeds: taken orally, similar to Aconitum, can treat wheezing and edema. Root: Indication for abdominal pain.
2, function indications: seeds: oral, similar to aconite, can cure wheezing and edema. Root: Indication for abdominal pain.
Drug prescription selection
① Treatment of wind-heat toothache: Delphinium costs 50 cents to 1 yuan. Decoct with water, rinse, and don't swallow. (handbook of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines in Northeast China)
② Treatment of scabies: grind delphinium and Sophora flavescens and rub them. (Handbook of Plateau Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment)
③ Treatment of head lice: fresh chicken feet, mashed and washed. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)
Ornamental value
Delphinium has a unique flower shape and elegant color. Or cluster planting, planting flower beds, flower borders, can also be used as cut flowers.